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Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was a brave author, whose works often came under careful review by censorship authorities. The story “Mumu,” known to every schoolchild today, was banned from publication for a long time. And if it weren’t for the author’s diplomatic skills, the world would never have known about this touching and tragic story.

History of creation

In the mid-50s of the XIX century. Turgenev was under house arrest, and then sent into exile for writing an obituary on the death of Gogol. While under the supervision of private bailiffs, in the spring of 1855 Turgenev wrote the story “Mumu”. He shares this thing with the family of the publisher Aksakov, who react positively to the work, but cannot publish it due to censorship protests. A year later, “Mumu” ​​still appears in the Sovremennik magazine, which becomes the reason for the report of the official and the official reviewer of the magazine. Representatives of the censorship authorities are unhappy that the audience can feel compassion for the characters, and therefore do not allow the story to be distributed to other publications. And only in the spring of 1956, in the main department of censorship, after numerous petitions from Turgenev’s friends, a decision was made to include the decision to include “Muma” in the collected works of Ivan Sergeevich.

Analysis of the work

Story line

The story is based on real events that took place in the house of Turgenev’s mother in Moscow. The author tells about the life of a lady in whose service is the deaf-mute janitor Gerasim. The servant begins to court the washerwoman Tatyana, but the lady decides to marry her to her shoemaker. To resolve the situation, the lady’s butler invites Tatyana to appear drunk before Gerasim in order to turn him away from her. And this trick works.

A year later, the washerwoman and shoemaker leave for the village on the orders of the lady. Gerasim brings with him a puppy caught from the water and gives him the nickname Mumu. The lady is one of the last to learn about the presence of a dog in the yard and cannot establish a relationship with the animal. Having received an order to get rid of the dog, the butler tries to secretly sell Mumu, but she runs back to Gerasim. When the janitor receives information that the lady is unhappy, he goes to the pond, where he drowns the dog, and he decides to return to his village, and not to the lady’s house in the capital.

Main characters

The real prototype of the character was Varvara Turgeneva's servant Andrei Nemoy. The author paints an image of a reserved person who is unusually hardworking and has a fairly positive attitude towards people. This village peasant was capable of the most real feelings. Despite his external power and gloominess, Gerasim retained the ability to love and keep his word.

Tatiana

This portrait of a young servant includes all the features of a typical woman from a 19th century Russian estate. Downtrodden, unhappy, without her own opinion, this heroine receives protection only during the period of Gerasim’s love. Having no moral right and no real opportunity to contradict her mistress, Tatyana with her own hands ruins her chances for a happy destiny.

Gavrila

(The butler Gavrila on the right in the illustration)

The butler in the story appears as a simple-minded and stupid little man who, through ingratiation, strives to stay in the black and find benefits for himself. It cannot be said that Turgenev portrays Gavrila’s character as evil, but his direct role in the death of the dog and the destruction of the lives of Tatyana and Gerasim leaves a significant negative imprint on the perception of him as a person.

Kapiton

(The footman Kapiton in the illustration stands on the left next to the seated Gavrila)

The image of a shoemaker can be described as a portrait of an educated lackey. This person considers himself smart, but at the same time does not have the proper willpower and high aspirations in life. Ultimately, he turns into a drunkard and a slacker, whom even marriage cannot change.

Of all the characters in Mumu, the elderly lady is the main negative character. It is her actions and decisions that lead to a series of suffering and irreversible tragedies. Turgenev describes this heroine as a capricious and hot-tempered woman who is stubborn and capricious in her desire to decide the destinies of other people. The only positive traits of the lady can be considered her thriftiness and ability to manage the house.

Conclusion

The story “Mumu” ​​by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev cannot be considered a simple work about the hardship of peasant life. This is a philosophical text that helps the reader understand the issues of good and evil, hatred and love, unity and separation. The writer pays great attention to the issue of human attachment and the importance of the presence of loved ones, both in the lives of the rich and in the lives of the poor.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev wrote his work “Mumu” ​​under the impression of the events that worried him at that time. After all, everything that worries a writer is reflected in his work. After analyzing the story “Mumu”, it is not difficult to find confirmation of this. Turgenev was a true patriot, worried about the future fate of Russia. Therefore, the plot described in his work is a challenge to the era of that time, a challenge to serfdom. The story “Mumu” ​​is not only a narration about the events that took place in the Russian village, it is a work that instructs us to reflect and think.
The image of Gerasim is a symbol of the Russian people. In his hero, Turgenev shows the best features of the Russian man: heroic strength, hard work, kindness, sensitivity to loved ones, sympathy for the unfortunate and offended.
Turgenev calls Gerasim “the most remarkable person” among all the servants. The author sees him as a hero. Gerasim was gifted with “extraordinary strength, he worked for four people - the work was in his hands, and it was fun to watch him.” Turgenev seems to admire his hero, his strength and greed for work. He compares Gerasim to a young bull and a huge tree that grew on fertile land. Gerasim is distinguished by accuracy and responsibility for the assigned work. He keeps his closet and yard clean. The detailed description of the closet slightly emphasizes his unsociability. “He didn’t like people to visit him,” and therefore he always locked his closet. But despite his formidable appearance and heroic strength, Gerasim had a kind heart, capable of love and sympathy.
Many of the servants were afraid of the formidable janitor, knowing his strict and serious disposition. However, the uncommunicative Gerasim evokes not only fear, but also respect from the servants for his conscientious work, patience and kindness. “He understood them, carried out all orders exactly, but he also knew his rights, and no one dared to sit in his place at the capital.” And the lady Gerasim evokes not only fear, but also respect. “She favored him as a faithful and strong watchman.” The mute, like all the servants, is afraid of the old lady and tries to please her, exactly following her orders. But while remaining a faithful servant, he does not lose his self-esteem.
It is difficult for a village peasant to live in the city. He is deprived of communication with Russian nature. Mute, unsociable Gerasim is lonely. People avoid him. Tatiana, who fell in love with him, is married off to someone else. He is deeply unhappy. And now a small ray of light appears in his dark life. Gerasim rescues a poor puppy from the river, feeds it and becomes attached to it with all his soul. He names the dog Mumu. She loves Gerasim and is always with him, she wakes him up in the morning, and guards the house at night. They become close friends. Love for Mumu makes Gerasim's life joyful.
The lady finds out about Mumu and orders her to be brought to her in order to relieve boredom. But the little dog refuses to obey her. The obstinate lady, not understanding how one can disobey her order, forces him to get rid of the dog. Gerasim tries to save Mumu and locks her in a closet. But Mumu gives himself away by barking. An unfortunate serf is forced to kill his only, truly loving friend. The evil mistress takes away Gerasim's most precious possessions, but cannot break his fortitude and self-esteem.
In the fate of Gerasim, Turgenev reflected the fate of many serfs. He protests against the serfdom of the landowners. The author expresses hope that the “dumb” people will be able to fight back against the oppressors.

In the story: “Mumu,” not included in “Notes of a Hunter,” but close in spirit to the stories in this collection. In this story, two main characters are vividly outlined - the old lady and the deaf-mute janitor Gerasim. In addition to them, several other faces were depicted, also typical, although less striking.

Mu Mu. Cartoon

The old lady is depicted as a heartless tyrant, from whom even her own children turned their backs, and who lived out her last days, embittered, capricious, surrounded by a pack of hangers-on and a crowd of servants. Lies and stupid hatred, covered with servility and servility, reign in this house. Everything here trembles for fear of not pleasing the grumpy old woman; people don’t even dare to sleep at night when the lady can’t sleep.

The deaf and dumb Gerasim was brought to this lady's house from her village to serve as a janitor. This healthy, sedate and serious man was created for rural work and in the village he worked with pleasure and joy. The lady's whim tore him out of the expanse of fields and forests, and he found himself in a stuffy city. He languished here and was bored, but he did his job conscientiously and honestly. The servants feared and respected him. He fell in love with the washerwoman Tatyana, but the lady decided to marry her to the drunkard Kapiton, “for his correction.”

Gerasim's heart was broken, but he resigned himself to his fate. He found solace in the dog Mumu, which he raised and fed himself. But the dog annoyed the old lady by not only not coming up when she called her, but even baring her teeth and growling. Gerasim had to drown his only friend himself. After this second loss, Gerasim abandoned his mistress’s town house without permission and went to the village.

The heroine of the story is the washerwoman Tanya, a quiet, unresponsive girl who, under the humiliating oppression of serfdom, has been reduced to the point that she no longer has her own will. When she is told that the lady is marrying her to the drunkard Capiton, she submits to the decision meekly, without attempting to argue or resist...

This touching story is told simply and artlessly, but it has an even stronger effect on the reader. The useful and honest worker Gerasim, with his heroic strength, turns out to be helpless before the whim of an old, useless, hated old woman who has lost her mind. Offended by God, this hero must meekly endure human grievances. This helplessness of the serfs and the irresponsibility of the masters is the main tragedy of serfdom. And, of course, it was impossible to emphasize more strongly the ugliness of this system of life than to portray in the role of offended serfs - unhappy people, like Vlas (“

The work is an essay by a 6th grade student. It examines the image of the story "Mumu", the meaning of the name, the history of creation. The work is supplemented by a presentation

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"Mu Mu"

I.S. Turgenev is a great Russian writer originally from the Oryol province. His work had a great influence on the development of all Russian literature.

"Mumu" is one of his stories, written in 1852. It is based on the events that really took place in the house of the writer’s mother, Varvara Petrovna. The story itself is connected with the abolition of serfdom in Rus', and Gerasim, the main character, is a symbol of the mute, as well as the peasants who have nothing, with a difficult and powerless fate.

Gerasim is one of the numerous servants; he stood out from the rest. Previously, he lived in the village and worked in the field, but then he was taken to work in Moscow as a janitor, but living in the capital, Gerasim was very homesick for his native place.

“...A man twelve inches tall, built like a hero and deaf and dumb from birth... Gifted with extraordinary strength, he worked for four - the matter was in his hands...”.

At first he did not like the lady’s decision to make him a janitor, but soon he got used to his daily duties, living in a closet and was generally satisfied with his life.

The lady is the second main character of the story. Being a power-hungry widow, she lived out her last years of old age in Moscow, surrounded by servants and servants, one of whom was Gerasim.

“Her day, joyful and stormy, has long passed; but the evening was blacker than the night... The old lady, with whom he lived as a janitor, followed ancient customs in everything and kept a large servant"...

Among the lady's servants there was a shoemaker named Kapiton Klimov. In society, he was known as a bitter drunkard with inflated self-esteem. He is Gerasim's rival in matters of the heart, since the lady decides to marry the shoemaker to Tatyana, a thin, blond girl with an unhappy life, who has the position of a laundress and has won the heart of the janitor Gerasim. The courtship of the janitor is clumsy and shy, the matter did not move, and the lady was really looking forward to the wedding, which she herself had planned, and in the end Tatyana nevertheless married Klimov, thanks to the machinations and cunning of the butler Gavrila, another bright character in this story. The lady's hopes that the shoemaker would stop drinking after his marriage were not justified, and he and his wife were sent to the village.

Trying to catch up with Tatyana to say goodbye and give her a gift he had bought long ago, Gerasim changed his mind halfway, and, returning, saw a drowning puppy in the river. He saved the unfortunate dog, took it to his closet and surrounded it with love and care, thereby distracting him from the pain of separation from his beloved. Since Gerasim is deaf and mute, the dog received the name Mumu and over time turned into “a very sweet dog of the Spanish breed, with long ears, a fluffy tail in the shape of a trumpet and large expressive eyes.” She was his faithful and devoted friend, accompanied Gerasim everywhere, guarded the yard at night and was very quiet, not barking in vain.

Having not known about Mumu for much time, the lady ordered to bring her to her. But the bad attitude of the dog towards the lady influenced the attitude of the mistress of the house not only towards Mumu, but also towards Gerasim, and with the help of cunning she managed to convince her servant to get rid of the dog, although everyone in the house had already become attached to Mumu.

The servant tried to sell the dog, but it returned to Gerasim with a piece of rope around its neck, and the janitor hid it. But the lady threw a tantrum, since her order was not carried out, so the butler, who was already to some extent responsible for the fact that Gerasim lost his beloved Tatyana, had no choice but to explain the lady’s order to the janitor with gestures. Gerasim, with a heavy heart, fed Mumu a delicious dinner for the last time, said goodbye to her, swam out to the middle of the river, and drowned her.

"G Erasim heard nothing, neither the quick squeal of the falling Mumu, nor the heavy splash of water; for him the noisiest day was silent and soundless, just as not even the quietest night is soundless for us.”

After carrying out such a cruel order from the lady, Gerasim packed his things and returned on foot to his native village, where the headman gladly received him. The lady looked for him for a long time, but when she found him, she considered him ungrateful and changed her mind about sending him back to Moscow. And Gerasim remained to live in the village as a “bob”, alone, in a dilapidated hut, not even looking at women and not having any more dogs.

The author chose this ending due to the fact that Gerasim wanted to get rid of the pressure of the cruel lady and return to his own region, to his homeland, where he could be appreciated. But in order to finally get rid of the memories of Moscow, of the ill-fated request of the mistress and of all the misfortunes that had accompanied him since the beginning of his stay in the capital, he drowned his beloved dog, saying goodbye to his only friend. In the person of the lady, Turgenev condemned all those who kept serfs and considered themselves the right to dispose of human destinies at their own discretion. And Gerasim is also a person, at first glance, without rights and even defective, since he is deaf and dumb, but he did not forget the feeling of freedom that he had when he lived in the village. And as a result of great heart losses, the main character of the story still regains his freedom, personifying the entire Russian people.

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I.S. Turgenev “Mumu”

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is a great Russian poet, originally from the Oryol province.

He had a great influence on the development of Russian literature.

• “Mumu” ​​is a story by Russian writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, written in 1852. According to researchers, the work is based on real events that took place in the Moscow house of the writer’s mother, Varvara Petrovna Turgeneva.

• First published in Sovremennik magazine in 1854

• “...a man twelve inches tall, built like a hero and deaf and dumb from birth.”
• “Gifted with extraordinary strength, he worked for four people - the matter was in his hands...”

• The lady is the second main character of the story.
• Being a power-hungry widow, she lives out her last years of old age in Moscow, surrounded by servants and servants, one of whom was Gerasim.

• “Her day, joyful and stormy, has long passed; but the evening was blacker than night.”
• “The old lady, with whom he lived as a janitor, followed ancient customs in everything and kept numerous servants: in her house there were not only laundresses, seamstresses, carpenters, tailors and seamstresses, there was even one saddler...”

• The dog’s bad attitude towards the old woman influenced her attitude not only towards Mumu, but also towards Gerasim.

• With the help of cunning, the lady manages to convince her servants to get rid of the dog.

• The people in the yard were unable to remove Mumu on their own, so Gerasim decides to take the most difficult step in his life.

• Having sailed a long distance from the city, he drowns the dog in the river.

Ivan Turgenev wrote the story "Mumu", reflecting in it his experiences and concerns about the Russian destinies and the future of the country. And this is completely understandable, because in order to write a work, its author must be impressed and inspired by something, then these feelings can be clearly expressed on paper. It is known that Ivan Turgenev, as a true patriot, thought a lot about what awaited the country, and the events in Russia in those days were far from the most joyful for the people.

Analyzing Turgenev's "Mumu" and discussing the image of Gerasim, we will clearly see that the author built the plot around the problem of serfdom, which was very relevant in that era. We read about Turgenev's challenge to serfdom. Indeed, the action of the story "Mumu", the analysis of which certainly needs to be done in order to more fully understand Turgenev's idea, takes place in a Russian village, but all this encourages deep reflection and drawing important conclusions about the character of the Russian person and his soul.

The image of Gerasim in Turgenev's story "Mumu"

The image of Gerasim appears before the readers of the story “Mumu”. This image reveals great qualities. Turgenev shows kindness, strength, hard work and compassion. Gerasim possesses all these qualities, and his example shows how Turgenev would like to see a Russian person. For example, Gerasim has considerable physical strength, he wants and can work hard, things are in his hands.

Gerasim is also neat and clean. He works as a janitor, and approaches his duties with responsibility, because thanks to him, the owner’s yard is always clean and tidy. When analyzing Turgenev's "Mumu", it is impossible to ignore the image of Gerasim. The author shows his somewhat reclusive character, since Gerasim is unsociable, and even on the doors of his closet there is always a lock. But this formidable appearance does not correspond to the kindness of his heart and generosity, because Gerasim is open-hearted and knows how to sympathize. Therefore, it is clear: one cannot judge a person’s internal qualities by appearance.

What else is visible in the image of Gerasim when analyzing “Mumu”? He was respected by all the servants, which was deserved - Gerasim worked hard, as if he carried out the orders of his mistress, without losing his sense of self-respect. The main character of the story, Gerasim, never became happy, because he is a simple village man, and city life is built completely differently and flows according to its own laws. In the city there is no sense of unity with nature. So Gerasim, once in the city, realizes that he is being ignored. Having fallen in love with Tatyana, he is deeply unhappy because she becomes the wife of another.

A puppy in the life of the main character "Mumu"

At a difficult moment in life, when the main character is especially sad and hurt in his soul, suddenly a ray of light is visible. The image of Gerasim continues to unfold before the reader, and the analysis of “Mumu” ​​is complemented by an important detail - here it is, hope for happy moments, a little cute puppy. Gerasim saves the puppy, and they become attached to each other. The puppy's name is Mumu, and the dog is always with his great friend. Mumu watches at night and wakes up his owner in the morning.

It seems that life is filled with meaning and becomes more joyful, but the lady becomes aware of the puppy. Having decided to subjugate Mumu, she experiences a strange disappointment - the puppy does not obey her, but the lady is not used to ordering twice. Is it possible to command love? But that's another question.

The lady, accustomed to seeing her instructions carried out at the same moment and without complaint, cannot bear the disobedience of the little creature, and she orders the dog to be taken out of sight. Gerasim, whose character is well revealed here, decides that Mumu can be hidden in his closet, especially since no one comes to him, but the puppy reveals himself with his barking. Then Gerasim realizes that he has no choice but to resort to drastic measures, and he kills the puppy who has become his only friend. We will answer the question “Why did Gerasim drown Mumu” ​​in another article, but for now in the analysis of Turgenev’s “Mumu” ​​we will emphasize that in the image of Gerasim the author showed an unfortunate serf. Serfs are “mute”, they cannot declare their rights, they simply submit to the regime, but in the soul of such a person there is hope that someday his oppression will come to an end.

We strongly recommend that you read the full version of the work or at least a summary of the story for informational purposes. We hope you found this article useful, in which we showed an analysis of Turgenev’s “Mumu” ​​and the image of Gerasim.