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It is difficult to accurately describe all the qualities of a strong personality, but the main distinguishing features can still be identified.

· High level of self-confidence and self-belief.

· Ability to control your emotions.

· A very important point - a strong person has a high degree of independence: he is independent of the opinions of others, various prejudices and public opinion.

· A strong individual always knows what he wants from life and is persistent in achieving his goals.

· A strong person looks at the world from a position of reason and knows how to sensibly analyze events.

Of course, this is not an exhaustive description of a person who can safely be labeled as a “strong personality.”

Alexander Nevsky (1220-1263) - son of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. From 1236 he was the Prince of Novgorod and led Russian troops in the Battle of the Neva (1240) and the Battle of the Ice (1242). For the victory over the Swedes on the Neva he received the nickname “Nevsky”. Alexander Nevsky proved himself to be a talented commander, a prudent and far-sighted politician. After the Mongol invasion, he refused the Pope's offer to jointly fight the Mongols, realizing that Rus' was still too weak. Through his policy, he contributed to reducing the destructive raids of the Tatars. Alexander Yaroslavich did a lot to strengthen the grand ducal power and order in the country. He died in Gorodets, returning from the Golden Horde. He was canonized by the church as a saint.

In besieged Leningrad, people not only survived on meager rations, but also worked and went into battle. Their spirit was strong!

Alexey Maresyev– a classic example of a strong-willed person! He not only survived without food, crawling from the battlefield with wounded legs, but also returned to duty, returned to the skies, and shot down many more enemy planes with his fighter.

Vivid examples of strong-willed people of our time - Valentin Dikul and Sergei Bubnovsky. Having received severe spinal injuries, they not only did not break down spiritually. They themselves survived, regained their health and teach others to do the same.

The phrase “person with disabilities” appeared not so long ago. Today it is used by everyone who speaks and writes about people with disabilities, and no one is embarrassed that this phrase is fundamentally incorrect and even offensive. History knows a huge number of outstanding disabled people, whom it would not occur to a sane person to call people with disabilities. Let's name some of them, indicating their physical disabilities:

· ancient Greek poet Homer (blindness);

US President Franklin Roosevelt (poliomyelitis);

· German composer Ludwig Beethoven (acquired deafness);

· American musician Stevie Wonder (congenital blindness);

· American musician Ray Charles (the most famous blind musician of our time);

· American film actress Marlene Matlin (the first and only deaf film actress to receive an Oscar);

· Russian artist Grigory Zhuravlev (congenital atrophy of the arms and legs);

· American writer Elena Keller (deaf-blind);

· Soviet hero pilot Alexey Maresyev (leg amputation).

In this case, on the contrary, we are talking about the limitless possibilities of physically limited people. We see that various functional impairments do not interfere at all, but are sometimes the strongest incentive to live, create, develop and achieve the unthinkable.

Strength of spirit is the main thing that allows a person to go towards his intended goal, overcoming any difficulties along his life path. In my opinion, it is disabled people, more than anyone else, who clearly prove this to us. When you look at these people, you can’t help but think: if we were in their place, could we find the strength to remain ourselves, to live and enjoy life like they do? I think that we have something to learn from them, namely how to be strong, strong in spirit.

Nick Vujicic is a world-famous preacher and speaker. His performances are always very popular, he charges people with his positive energy and positivity. But... He is different from ordinary speakers - he has had neither arms nor legs since birth!

Despite this, he did not give up. He helps millions of people start enjoying life. Nick Vujicic shows willpower every second of his life, enjoys every moment of his life. He doesn’t blame anyone for being “like this” because he is sure that everything in the world is done for a purpose.

People whose willpower can only be envied take part in the Paralympic Games. I bow to these people who, due to one or another circumstance, were injured, became disabled, but did not break down, were able to rise up and find themselves and their path in life.

Maria Iovleva. When Masha was born, her mother immediately rushed to abandon her. “The child was born with deformities, I refuse him,” said that statement. The doctors didn’t even think that Maria could survive, and the mother was advised to forget about her daughter. Like, there will still be children. However, Masha survived! And at the age of 20, she won two gold and one silver medal at the Paralympic Games in Vancouver.

The path to these awards was incredibly long for Maria. From birth Iovleva could not speak and could not hear. She had developmental delays. But at the age of seven she was transferred to a boarding school, where she was lucky to meet a teacher who replaced her mother. Tatyana Lindt studied with a girl every day, who immediately seemed smiling and pleasant to her. Soon, ski coach Alexander Porshnev drew attention to Masha, who began to introduce Iovleva to the sport. Every day he personally took her to training, carried her through the snowdrifts, and taught her to sit on a special seat, called a bob, for cross-country skiing.

Roman Petushkov became a six-time champion of the Paralympic Games in Sochi. The athlete won three gold medals in sitting skiing (at distances of 15 km, 1 km sprint and open relay) and in biathlon (at distances of 12.5 km, 15 km and 7.5 km). None of the Russians had ever managed to do anything like this before.

Tyumen resident Elena Remizova became a three-time Paralympic champion in Sochi. The Siberian won all three golds in the group of athletes with visual impairments together with her leader Natalya Yakimova, competing in skiing competitions.

There are many good and strong people in the world. But it’s worth taking an example from the best. Those who have lived such a life after which it is not scary to die. The lives of these great people are examples of real love, real friendship, real fortitude, real kindness.

But in our time of total confusion, it is not always easy to distinguish between the real great people among the simply famous and those who dreamed of being great. Among the so-called "stars".

Such strong people as Alexander Nevsky, Admiral Nakhimov, Admiral Ushakov will always shine for us. But fortitude is not somewhere in the past. Heroes are born in our time, and they are not necessarily war heroes.

The distance (online) course helps you find courage and calm: “ Overcoming fears and anxieties"

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Archimandrite Alipiy Voronov: the best defense is an offensive

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Teenagers - heroes of the Great Patriotic War

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Prince Alexander Nevsky: the sun of the Russian land

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Admiral Ushakov - invincible naval commander

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Innokenty Sibiryakov: “Help, I’m terribly rich!”

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“Russian means strong!” There has always been a cult of physical strength in Russia. It is no coincidence that the main characters of folk tales were stalwart heroes. There are plenty of strongmen in our history.

Kings and governors.

1) Evpatiy Kolovrat


Evpatiy Kolovrat can be called the most powerful Russian governor. The “Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan by Batu” tells how Evpatiy and his squad entered into an unequal battle with hordes of Mongol-Tatars “And Evpatiy beat them so mercilessly that their swords were dulled, and he took Tatar swords and cut them with them.” Batu sent his best hero Khostovrul to deal with Evlampius. Kolovrat cut him in half down to the saddle. Only with battering guns were the Mongol-Tatars able to defeat Kolovrat’s squad, and the body of governor Batu was given to the remnants of the squad for an honorable funeral - a unique case in ancient Russian history.

2) Skopin Shuisky


Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky was an invincible commander of the Time of Troubles. He suppressed the Bolotnikov uprising, negotiated with the Swedes, began to reform the Russian army, but was poisoned by the daughter of Malyuta Skuratov due to the political intrigues of Dmitry Shuisky. According to the descriptions of contemporaries, Mikhail Vasilyevich was distinguished by a heroic build. The historical museum houses Skopin-Shuisky's broadsword. A heavy weapon for a very strong person.

3) Peter the Great


Peter the Great can safely be called the most powerful Russian Tsar. His height was 204 centimeters, and his physical strength amazed his contemporaries. Peter twisted coins with his fingers, rolled cast-iron frying pans “into a ram’s horn,” and personally checked the suitability of a horseshoe for his horse Lisette, breaking one after another. There is more than one folk tale about the strength of Peter the Great.

4) Alexander III


Russian Emperor Alexander III had outstanding physical strength. From his youth, he did not like social entertainment, preferring horse riding lessons and physical education classes to balls and receptions. The brothers said about him: “Sashka is our Hercules.” The emperor had to use his power in an extraordinary situation.

On October 17, 1888, while returning from the Crimea, the famous crash of the imperial train occurred. The roof of the carriage in which the family of Alexander III was located began to collapse. The emperor took the falling roof onto his shoulders and held it until his wife and children got out alive and unharmed from the rubble. After rescuing the family, Alexander III did not hesitate and rushed to help other victims.

Wrestlers and strongmen

5) Grigory Rusakov


Kuryan Grigory Rusakov became a world-famous wrestler after his debut in the Donbass, where he worked in a mine. After conquering Russia, Rusakov won world championships in Argentina (1913) and Paris (1915). Like other famous fighters, he was personally exempted from military service by Nicholas II. But not everything was smooth in Rusakov’s life. He was prosecuted three times in 1929, 1938, 1944. Rusakov was also known for repeatedly engaging in exhibition fights with bears, bending horseshoes and rails, and once in London defeating a bull in a fight.

6) Ivan Poddubny


Everyone knows who Ivan Poddubny is. This is the most famous Russian strongman, weightlifter, and wrestler. Interestingly, Poddubny lost his first fight. This motivated him very much: he set himself a strict training regimen, exercised with two-pound weights, a 112-kilogram barbell, gave up tobacco and alcohol, and doused himself with cold water. Until the end of his life he carried a cast iron cane with him. He didn't lose again.

Poddubny also conquered America. There he filled the halls, competing according to the rules of American wrestling. He actually fled from the USA, terminating the predatory contract and leaving the fees due to him to the Americans. At the end of his life, Poddubny admitted that the only force that could defeat him was women: “All my life, I, a fool, have been led astray.”

7) Ivan Zaikin

Ivan Zaikin is one of the most famous Russian strongmen. World champion in wrestling, champion in weight lifting, circus performer, one of the first Russian aviators. Foreign newspapers called Zaikin “Chaliapin of Russian muscles.” His athletic performances caused a sensation both in Russia and abroad. In 1908, during a tour in Paris, Zaikin shocked the audience by tearing any chains, bracelets and ties, and bending metal beams. Zaikin carried a 25-pound anchor on his shoulders, lifted a long barbell onto his shoulders, on which ten people sat, and began to rotate it (“a living carousel”).

8) Georg Hackenschmidt

Georg Hackenschmidt was called the “Russian lion” and “the most powerful man of the turn of the century.” He was a world champion in wrestling and a world record holder in weightlifting. Georg has been involved in sports since childhood; to strengthen his legs, he practiced climbing the spiral staircase to the church spire with two-pound weights.

The credit for the fact that Hakk became a wrestler belongs to the “father of Russian athletics” Dr. Kraevsky - he convinced Georg that he could become the strongest in the world. And Kraevsky was not mistaken - Hakk conquered Russia, Europe, and America. Gakk pressed a barbell weighing 122 kg with one hand, and pressed a barbell weighing 145 kg on a wrestling bridge. With his arms crossed on his back, Gaak lifted 86 kg from a deep squat. With a 50-kg barbell, the athlete squatted 50 times. Today this exercise is called the hack squat.

9) Peter Krylov

Pyotr Krylov was a strongman and a permanent winner of competitions for the best athletic figure. Even as a child, he chose his idol - the athlete Emil Foss, who entered the arena in silk tights and leopard skin. Krylov set several world records. In the “wrestling bridge” position, he squeezed 134 kg with both hands, and 114.6 kg with his left hand.

Bench press in a “soldier’s stance”: with his left hand he lifted a two-pound weight 86 times in a row. Krylov was called the “king of weights.” He was the founder of spectacular stunts, which were then repeated by other athletes, and today by paratroopers: bending a rail on the shoulders, driving a car over the body, raising a platform with a horse and rider.

10) Grigory Kashcheev

In this photo with prominent and far from small wrestlers, Grigory Kashcheev stands out with his height - 218 cm and his uniform - a simple blouse. In 1906, Grigory Kashcheev first met world-class wrestlers and became friends with Zaikin, who helped him enter the big arena. Soon Kashcheev defeated all the famous strongmen, and in 1908, together with Poddubny and Zaikin, he conquered Paris at the World Championship. Having started so brilliantly, Kashcheev’s career did not work out - the wrestler became a downshifter, refused the most lucrative offers, abandoned everything and went to his village to plow the land.

11) Alexander Zass


Alexander Zass was called “Iron Samson”. He carried a horse or a piano around the arena with a pianist and dancer located on the lid; caught with his hands a 90-kilogram cannonball, which was fired from a circus cannon from a distance of 8 meters; he lifted a metal beam with assistants sitting at its ends from the floor and held it in his teeth. In the famous attraction Man-Projectile, Alexander Zass caught with his hands an assistant flying out of the mouth of a circus cannon and describing a 12-meter trajectory above the arena.

In Sheffield in 1938, he was run over by a truck loaded with coal in front of a crowd. Samson stood up and, smiling, bowed to the audience. Zass was one of the first to introduce isometric exercises into his training system. This allowed him to strengthen his tendons so much that, with his low weight, he managed to set records that have not yet been broken.

12) Ivan Shemyakin

A two-meter giant, Ivan Shemyakin, in his first lesson at an athletic school, was able to push a barbell of only 72 kilograms with both hands, but this did not bother him. He began to train hard. The training brought results: Shemyakin won the competition of the Cycling and Athletic Society in kettlebells and took third prize at the Russian Championship.

In 1908, in St. Petersburg, Shemyakin showed a unique strength act - a metal beam was bent on his shoulder. In 1913, participating in the world championship held at the St. Petersburg Modern Circus, Ivan Shemyakin defeated the famous Ivan Zaikin and the powerful, angry on the carpet, Nikolai Vakhturov and took first place. Shemyakin also defeated other world-famous wrestlers, but his meetings with Ivan Poddubny always ended in a draw.

13) Ivan Lebedev


In 1916, Ivan Lebedev (strongmen called him “Uncle Vanya”) published the book “A Guide to How to Develop Your Strength by Exercising with Heavy Kettlebells.” Lebedev not only developed athletics and wrestling in Russia, but was also a renowned strongman himself. He studied with the same luminary of “Russian power” Vladislav Kraevsky. Lebedev published the Hercules magazine and was the first promoter in Russia.

His notes are still interesting today. Regarding the lifestyle, he wrote: “The human body does not tolerate constraint, but any excess is harmful. As for food, I strongly advise against eating meat: it introduces putrefactive decomposition products into your body and forms uric acid, which poisons the body. The basic rule for eating is to chew as slowly as possible. I don't recommend drinking alcohol or smoking at all. Sleep - 7–8 hours. Dress without wrapping yourself up or wearing warm underwear. Fresh air and water (showers or washes) are necessary for every person who wants to be strong and healthy.”

14) Vasily Alekseev


Vasily Alekseev is the last hero of the Soviet era. The “Russian Bear” (as foreign fans nicknamed him) became the Olympic Champion twice, the World Champion six times, the European Champion six times, and held first place at the USSR championships for seven years. During his sports career, Vasily Alekseev set 80 world records and 81 USSR records. He is also the “eternal” holder of the current world record for the sum of three exercises - 645 kg (currently there are no competitions in this discipline).

Vasily Alekseev competed with himself, setting new records at the championships over and over again. It was he who opened the era of the “six hundred men”, being the first to conquer the six hundred kilogram peak. From 1989 to 1992, Alekseev coached the national team and the United Weightlifting Team. During his coaching work, not a single member of the team was injured. One of his loyal fans is Arnold Schwarzenegger.

15) Yuri Vlasov

Another brilliant Soviet weightlifter is the “iron man” Yuri Vlasov. Olympic champion (1960), silver medalist of the Games (1964), 4-time world champion (1959, 1961-1963), 6-time European champion (1959-1964; in non-Olympic years the championships were held as part of the world championships), 5-time champion of the USSR (1959-1963). Yuri Vlasov set 31 world records and 41 USSR records (1957-1967). Yuri Vlasov was twice the standard bearer of the USSR delegation at the opening of the Olympic Games in 1960 and 1964.

16) Ivan Denisov


Let's move on to modern strongmen. The traditions of kettlebell lifting in Russia are still strong today. One of the strongest kettlebell lifters in the world is a representative of the Chelyabinsk kettlebell school, Ivan Denisov, an international master of sports. Ivan Denisov is a multiple Champion of Russia, Europe and the World, multiple record holder of Russia, Europe and the World. In 2005, at the World Championships in Moscow, Denisov set absolute world records in the clean and jerk of 175 lifts and a combined total of 281 points. Previously, the records belonged to Sergei Mishin and remained unchanged for more than ten years.

17) Alexander Karelin


“San Sanych” Karelin weighed 6.5 kilograms at birth, at the age of 13 he was 178 cm tall and weighed 78 kilograms. Just 4 years after joining the section, Karelin became the world champion among youth. During his sports career, the wrestler collected all kinds of titles, won 887 fights, and lost only twice. He won Olympic gold three times, became world champion 9 times, European champion 12 times, and gold at the championships of the USSR, CIS and Russia 13 times.

Alexander Karelin was awarded the “Golden Belt” four times as the best wrestler on the planet. On February 20, 1999, Karelin had a duel with Japanese fighter Akira Maeda. The “Russian Bear” used only the arsenal of his native Greco-Roman wrestling in the ring. Maeda managed to land a few kicks at the beginning of the fight, but within a minute he turned into a training dummy for practicing throws.

18) Fedor Emelianenko

Fedor Emelianenko, the “last emperor,” remained undefeated for almost ten years, which is unprecedented in the history of MMA. Emelianenko is a four-time world champion in MMA heavyweight according to Pride FC, two-time according to RINGS, two-time according to WAMMA, four-time world champion and seven-time champion of Russia in combat sambo. Honored Master of Sports in Sambo and International Master of Sports in Judo. This summer, the “last emperor” returned to sports. On December 31st we will cheer for him at a tournament in Japan.

Writers

19) Leo Tolstoy


Leo Tolstoy was a powerful old man. There were rings and a trapeze in his house, and there was a horizontal bar in the yard. The writer worked with weights until his old age. He once remarked: “After all, you know, I lifted five pounds with one hand.” It's hard to doubt this. At the age of seventy, the “Yasnaya Polyana elder” outpaced the boys in running, swam excellently, and rode horses well.

A year before his death, in 1909, when Tolstoy was 82 years old, in a playful argument he defeated all the guests in “arm wrestling.” Tolstoy, who became one of the first fighters for sobriety and a healthy lifestyle, said: “For me, the daily movement of bodily work is as necessary as air. With assiduous mental work without movement and physical labor, there is real grief.”

20) Vladimir Gilyarovsky

Another Russian strongman from literature is Vladimir Gilyarovsky. At sixteen he ran away from home. Having walked two hundred kilometers from Vologda to Yaroslavl, he hired himself into the burlatsk artel. At first, the barge haulers doubted whether to take the boy, but Gilyai had amazing physical strength, pulled a nickel out of his pocket and easily rolled it into a tube. Mikhail Chekhov recalled the first visit of “Uncle Gilay” to Chekhov’s house: “He immediately became familiar with us, invited us to feel his iron muscles in his arms, rolled a penny into a tube, and screwed a teaspoon.”

There are a great many people who changed the world. These are famous doctors who invented cures for diseases and learned how to perform complex operations; politicians who started wars and conquered countries; astronauts who first orbited the Earth and set foot on the Moon, and so on. There are thousands of them, and it is impossible to tell about them all. This article lists only a small part of these geniuses, thanks to whom scientific discoveries, new reforms and trends in art appeared. They are individuals who changed the course of history.

Alexander Suvorov

The great commander who lived in the 18th century became a cult person. He is a person who influenced the course of history with his mastery of strategy and skillful planning of war tactics. His name is written in golden letters in the annals of Russian history; he is remembered as a tireless, brilliant military commander.

Alexander Suvorov devoted his entire life to battles and battles. He is a participant in seven wars, led 60 battles without knowing defeat. His literary talent manifested itself in a book in which he teaches the younger generation the art of warfare, shares his experience and knowledge. In this area, Suvorov was many years ahead of his era.

His merit lies primarily in the fact that he improved the tendencies of warfare and developed new methods of offensives and attacks. His entire science was based on three pillars: pressure, speed and eye. This principle developed the soldiers' sense of purpose, development of initiative and a sense of mutual assistance in relation to their colleagues. In battles, he always walked ahead of ordinary military men, showing them an example of courage and heroism.

Catherine II

This woman is a phenomenon. Like all other personalities who influenced the course of history, she was charismatic, strong and intelligent. She was born in Germany, but in 1744 she came to Russia as a bride for the Empress’s nephew, Grand Duke Peter the Third. Her husband was uninteresting and apathetic, they hardly communicated. Catherine spent all her free time reading legal and economic works; she was captivated by the idea of ​​the Enlightenment. Having found like-minded people at court, she easily overthrew her husband from the throne and became the rightful mistress of Rus'.

The period of her reign is called “golden” for the nobility. The ruler reformed the Senate, took church lands into the state treasury, which enriched the state and made life easier for ordinary peasants. In this case, the influence of an individual on the course of history implies the adoption of a mass of new legislative acts. On Catherine’s account: provincial reform, expansion of the rights and freedoms of the nobility, the creation of estates following the example of Western European society and the restoration of Russia’s authority throughout the world.

Peter the First

Another ruler of Russia, who lived a hundred years earlier than Catherine, also played a huge role in the development of the state. He is not just a person who influenced the course of history. Peter 1 became a national genius. He was hailed as an educator, a “beacon of the era,” the savior of Russia, a man who opened the eyes of the common people to the European style of life and government. Remember the phrase “window to Europe”? So, it was Peter the Great who “cut through” it in spite of all the envious people.

Tsar Peter became a great reformer; his changes in state foundations at first frightened the nobility, and then aroused admiration. This is a person who influenced the course of history in that, thanks to him, progressive discoveries and achievements of Western countries were introduced into “hungry and unwashed” Russia. Peter the Great managed to expand the economic and cultural borders of his empire and conquered new lands. Russia was recognized as a great power and its role in the international arena was appreciated.

Alexander II

After Peter the Great, this was the only tsar who began to carry out such large-scale reforms. His innovations completely renewed the appearance of Russia. Like other famous personalities who changed the course of history, this ruler deserved respect and recognition. The period of his reign falls on the 19th century.

The tsar's main achievement was in Russia, which hampered the economic and cultural development of the country. Of course, Alexander the Second’s predecessors, Catherine the Great and Nicholas the First, also thought about eliminating a system very similar to slavery. But none of them decided to turn the foundations of the state upside down.

Such drastic changes occurred quite late, since a rebellion of dissatisfied people was already brewing in the country. In addition, reforms stalled in the 1880s, which angered revolutionary youth. The reformer Tsar became the target of their terror, which led to the end of the reforms and completely influenced the development of Russia in the future.

Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich, a famous revolutionary, a personality who influenced the course of history. Lenin led a revolt in Russia against the autocracy. He led the revolutionaries to the barricades, as a result of which Tsar Nicholas II was overthrown and the communists came to power, whose rule spanned a century and led to significant, dramatic changes in the lives of ordinary people.

Studying the works of Engels and Marx, Lenin advocated equality and strongly condemned capitalism. The theory is good, but in reality it was difficult to implement, since the representatives of the elite still lived in luxury, while ordinary workers and peasants worked hard around the clock. But that was later, during Lenin’s time, at first glance, everything turned out the way he wanted it.

The period of Lenin's reign included such important events as the First World War, the Civil War in Russia, the cruel and absurd execution of the entire royal family, the transfer of the capital from St. Petersburg to Moscow, the founding of the Red Army, the complete establishment of Soviet power and the adoption of its first Constitution.

Stalin

People who changed the course of history... On their list, the name of Joseph Vissarionovich glows in bright scarlet letters. He became the "terrorist" of his time. The establishment of a network of camps, the exile of millions of innocent people there, the execution of entire families for dissent, artificial famine - all this radically changed people's lives. Some considered Stalin to be the devil, others to be God, since it was he who at that time decided the fate of every citizen of the Soviet Union. He was neither one nor the other, of course. The intimidated people themselves put him on a pedestal. The cult of personality was created on the basis of universal fear and the blood of the innocent victims of the era.

The personality who influenced the course of history, Stalin, distinguished himself not only by mass terror. Of course, his contribution to Russian history also has a positive side. It was during his reign that the state made a powerful economic breakthrough, scientific institutions and culture began to develop. It was he who stood at the head of the army that defeated Hitler and saved all of Europe from fascism.

Nikita Khrushchev

This is a very controversial personality who influenced the course of history. His versatile nature is well demonstrated by the tombstone erected for him, which was simultaneously made of white and black stone. Khrushchev, on the one hand, was Stalin’s man, and on the other, a leader who tried to trample on the cult of personality. He began radical reforms that were supposed to completely change the bloody system, released millions of innocent prisoners from the camps, and pardoned hundreds of thousands of those sentenced to death. This period was even called the “thaw”, as persecution and terror ceased.

But Khrushchev did not know how to bring big things to the end, so his reforms can be called half-hearted. His lack of education made him a narrow-minded person, but his excellent intuition, natural common sense and political instincts helped him stay in the highest echelons of power for so long and find a way out in critical situations. It was thanks to Khrushchev that it was possible to avoid a nuclear war during and also turn the bloodiest page in the history of Russia.

Dmitriy Mendeleev

Russia gave birth to many great generalists who improved various areas of science. But Mendeleev is worth highlighting, since his contribution to its development is invaluable. Chemistry, physics, geology, economics, sociology - Mendeleev managed to study all this and open new horizons in these fields. He was also a famous shipbuilder, aeronaut and encyclopedist.

The person who influenced the course of history, Mendeleev, discovered a way to predict the appearance of new chemical elements, the discovery of which continues to this day. His table is the basis of chemistry lessons at school and university. Among his achievements is also a complete study of gas dynamics, experiments that helped to derive the equation of state of gas.

In addition, the scientist actively studied the properties of oil, developed a policy for injecting investment into the economy and proposed optimizing the customs service. Many ministers of the tsarist government used his invaluable advice.

Ivan Pavlov

Like all individuals who influenced the course of history, he was a very smart person, had a broad outlook and inner intuition. Ivan Pavlov actively used animals in his experiments, trying to identify common features of the life activity of complex organisms, including humans.

Pavlov was able to prove the diverse activity of nerve endings in the cardiovascular system. He showed how he could regulate blood pressure. He also became the discoverer of the trophic nervous function, which consists in the influence of nerves on the process of regeneration and tissue formation.

He later became involved in the physiology of the digestive tract, as a result of which he received the Nobel Prize in 1904. His main achievement is considered to be the study of the functioning of the brain, higher nervous activity, conditioned reflexes and the so-called human signaling system. His works became the basis of many theories in medicine.

Mikhail Lomonosov

He lived and worked during the reign of Peter the Great. Then the emphasis was placed on the development of education and enlightenment, and the first Academy of Sciences was created in Russia, in which Lomonosov spent many of his days. He, a simple peasant, was able to rise to incredible heights, run up the social ladder and turn into a scientist, whose trail of fame stretches to this day.

He was interested in everything related to physics and chemistry. He dreamed of freeing the latter from the influence of medicine and pharmaceuticals. It was thanks to him that modern physical chemistry was born as a science and began to actively develop. In addition, he was a famous encyclopedist, studied history and wrote chronicles. He considered Peter the Great an ideal ruler, a key figure in the formation of the state. In his scientific works, he described him as an example of a mind that changed history and turned the idea of ​​the management system upside down. Through the efforts of Lomonosov, the first university in Russia was founded - Moscow. Since that time, higher education began to develop.

Yuri Gagarin

People who influenced the course of history... It is difficult to imagine their list without the name of Yuri Gagarin, the man who conquered space. Star space has attracted people for many centuries, but only in the last century did humanity begin to explore it. At that time, the technical base for such flights was already well developed.

The space age was marked by competition between the Soviet Union and the United States. The leaders of giant countries tried to show their power and superiority, and space was one of the best options to demonstrate this. In the middle of the 20th century, competition began over who could send a person into orbit the fastest. The USSR won this race. We all know the landmark date from school: April 12, 1961, the first cosmonaut flew into orbit, where he spent 108 minutes. This hero's name was Yuri Gagarin. The day after his journey into space, he woke up famous throughout the world. Although, paradoxically, I never considered myself great. Gagarin often said that in those hour and a half he did not even have time to understand what was happening to him and what his feelings were.

Alexander Pushkin

He is called "the sun of Russian poetry." He has long become a national symbol of Russia, his poems, poems and prose are highly valued and revered. And not only in the countries of the former Soviet Union, but throughout the world. Almost every city in Russia has a street, square or square named after Alexander Pushkin. Children study his work at school, devoting him not only during school hours, but also outside of school hours in the form of themed literary evenings.

This man created such harmonious poetry that it has no equal in the whole world. It was with his work that the development of new literature and all its genres began - from poetry to theatrical plays. Pushkin is read in one breath. It is characterized by accuracy and rhythm of lines, they are quickly remembered and easily recited. If we also take into account the enlightenment of this person, his strength of character and deep inner core, then we can say that he really is a person who influenced the course of history. He taught the people to speak Russian in its modern interpretation.

Other historical figures

There are so many of them that it would be impossible to list them all in one article. Here are examples of a small part of Russian figures who changed history. How many others are there? This is Gogol, and Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy. If we analyze foreign personalities, we cannot help but note the ancient philosophers: Aristotle and Plato; artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Picasso, Monet; geographers and discoverers of lands: Magellan, Cook and Columbus; scientists: Galileo and Newton; politicians: Thatcher, Kennedy and Hitler; inventors: Bell and Edison.

All these people were able to completely turn the world upside down, create their own laws and scientific discoveries. Some of them made the world a better place, while others almost destroyed it. In any case, every person on planet Earth knows their names and understands that without these individuals our life would be completely different. Reading the biographies of famous people, we often find idols for ourselves, from whom we want to take an example and be equal in all our deeds and actions.

On March 11, a large-scale festival “Without Borders: Body, Society, Culture”, timed to coincide with the Paralympics, starts in Moscow. It is organized by the social project “BezGranits”, which deals with problems of perception of disability in society. According to the organizers, the point of this festival is to attract as many people as possible to an open, intelligent conversation about the body and disability in the modern world.

P.S.: Our experience shows that sometimes such a short story is easier to write if you ask your neighbor (or yourself) these questions - but, of course, you can do without them.

1. What happened? How and under what circumstances did your body change?

2. What was the most important thing in your life up to this point?

3. What was happening inside you, in your mind, when you realized that the situation had changed forever?

4. What did your loved ones do?

5. How did you start putting yourself back together?

6. How did you have to change your life?

7. How did you get to where you are now?

8. What should people - any people - understand about their bodies?

Elena Leontyeva

Age: 53 years

What happened: spinal fracture

What he does: Accessibility expert

Elena Leontyeva

In 1988, I broke my spine. At that moment I was studying in graduate school and preparing to defend my dissertation, teaching at the institute. When all this happened... I really wanted to commit suicide. Imagine an energetic person who is paralyzed. They turn you over like a log every two hours to prevent bedsores. It seems like life will always be like this. When I asked how long I would be in the hospital, they told me: “Two months.” I thought: “How can you lie in bed for two months?” It turned out not two, but nine. But at the same time, I began to understand how lucky I had always been to have friends: for example, they donated blood for transfusions, they set a schedule and were on duty at the hospital in the first days, until my parents arrived from another city. The patients around me were constantly changing - together with the next patient with a spinal injury, whom the ambulance brought, I had to relive the whole nightmare of the situation each time. But one day a girl was admitted for a second operation. She was in a wheelchair, but she did everything herself, without anyone’s help: she cooked food, did laundry, helped the bedridden. And she always smiled. It turned out that she had a husband and two children. Suddenly, looking at her, I realized that you can live a full life in a wheelchair.

After leaving the hospital, I began to look for people like me. Few people knew about people with disabilities back then. There was no Internet, no necessary information, everyone survived on their own. It was at this time that the All-Russian Society of Disabled People was created. I called and through them began to meet people in a similar condition. Every day I did restorative physical training, read books about disabilities, of which there were very few at that time, and all the time I dreamed of an independent life. I was sure that this was impossible, that I had a wonderful past, but no future. However, soon I met my future husband at a local rehabilitation center - and we decided to live on our own, in a room in a communal apartment. It took a year to adapt to independent life. It was very helpful that although my husband used a wheelchair, he could walk around the apartment on crutches. For example, he could reach the top shelves of a closet. When we got street strollers, we began to leave the house and make forced marches around the city, each time moving further and further from home. Then we passed our license, a “Zaporozhets” appeared in the family, and we got out of the communal apartment. When in ninety-three we moved to a separate one-room apartment, I told my husband: “A family cannot exist without children.” I gave birth to a son, he will soon be 20 years old.

One day they called me from the institute and asked for a short biography - they say, what have you achieved in life? And I sit and think: nothing special. But on the other hand, in my everyday life I break stereotypes about disability - why not do some good by doing just that, and make it my mission? I decided to start creating an accessible environment in the city. For example, I collected signatures near the nearest grocery store for installing a ramp. Just at this moment the municipal program “Disabled” was launched. I united the children in wheelchairs and said: “Let’s go talk to the authorities. We and they need it.” We took the text of the program, read it and said: “At this point, at this point, and at this point, we can work together.” We started working. And we work.

You need to understand that God created man, but did not create spare parts for him. Now, for example, I don’t understand people involved in extreme sports. If you are ready to break your spine, that is your right, but you also need to think about how much grief this will bring to your loved ones.

Alena Volokhova

Age: 36 years old

What happened: I lost an arm and a leg

What she does: mother of two children, founder and vice-president of the “Fulfilling Life” charitable foundation, assistant to the chairman of the board of the ROOI “Equal Citizen”, model

Alena Volokhova

I had an accident in July 2011 and lost my arm and leg. She quickly came to her senses and six months later she was walking down the catwalk like a real model. After that, she took part in a photo exhibition organized by the Katyusha Society for Support of Parents with Disabilities and Members of Their Families. I always have some projects.

Before the accident, like everyone else, I took care of the house, the plot, the garden, the family, and raised two children. And everything was somehow boring - as if I was leading a life that no one wanted. After the accident, my family were so helpless, they clearly did not understand how to deal with me and how to help me, that I myself decided: I have no right to give up. It's already hard for them. I had to pull myself together. For example, I started doing yoga, inventing asanas and kriyas for myself that would be suitable for people with amputations. I started meditating and saw the world with different eyes. Yoga gave me peace and balance. When I finally realized that I was different from others, I decided to turn this difference to my advantage. She told herself: “I am not just a beauty, but a special beauty.” I started walking in a prosthesis without cosmetic coverage and I’m not ashamed of it, but on the contrary - I want as many people as possible to see that there are people like me.

Every day brings another victory. First, I learned to slide down the stairs from the second floor - and turned it into a game with the children. I was going down a roller coaster and everyone was having fun. Then I learned to cook and wash floors with one hand. Now I want to learn how to braid my daughter’s pigtails or at least ponytails with one hand! This will be a victory.

Mike Krutiansky

Age: 26 years old

What happened: a long-term non-healing fracture, forced to use crutches

What he does: yacht skipper, pro-rider

Mike Krutiansky

In 2010, we went to a freeride competition by car. The car skidded, and some metal structure on the side of the road smashed my shin to smithereens. Before that, the main thing in my life was alpine skiing - more precisely, off-piste (freeride) skiing. In the summer - kayaking, in the off-season - rock climbing. For two years I did not believe that the situation had changed forever - after all, it was “just a turning point.” I certainly felt bad, but I worked as hard as I could to recover. Then there was a relapse: due to the severity of the fracture and the terrible first operation at the accident site, the bone did not even heal halfway - and was not going back together. Slowly from that moment on, the process of abandoning what for me was, in fact, life began. Skiing was for me both a profession and the key to socialization and personal life, and most importantly, it gave me a taste for life in general. My loved ones helped and are helping me with all their might and means. But what can they actually do? It all depends on whether you can regain your taste for life and accept new circumstances.

I decided to start making money while lying in bed. Money never hurts. But for me, earning money is one of the most boring and depressing activities; it does not bring even the simplest satisfaction. Then I started studying. Spanish, French. I had to change my whole life. I don’t even remember anything that didn’t have to be changed radically. For example, I had to change my house: before, I lived either with a girl in her apartment, or while traveling - in tents, rented apartments in Europe. I had to move with the girl to my parents so that they could all take turns helping with everyday life. And then I got tired of the endless medical work, from Moscow, from the bed. And I decided to change everything completely, go alone to Israel and try to forget about the old things. Why be afraid if you already live at half capacity? I packed the x-rays into a backpack (I couldn’t roll my suitcase - my hands were full of crutches), a couple of changes of underwear, and a computer - and flew away. And as soon as it became possible to walk more or less normally, I went traveling. I stayed in a tent in the Eilat mountains and went diving. When I realized that there was nowhere to improve in diving until the doctor allowed me to put a fin on my sore leg, I went to Europe to study to become a skipper (yacht captain). I can’t say that this is my new super hobby, but it’s such a cool feeling to learn something new, study, travel. And I am almost in no way inferior to completely healthy team members in terms of working on a yacht.

The main part of our body is still the brain. With the help of this conditionally stationary component, you can move mountains, the main thing is to understand in which direction.

Mikhail Zhitlovsky

Age: 60 years

What happened: I lost my leg

What he does: entrepreneur, athlete, international master of sports in sambo, master of sports in judo

Mikhail Zhitlovsky

I am a professional athlete; I have competed at a high level in sambo and judo for many years. As a result of several factors, I developed a chronic disease that led to the amputation of my right leg. When all this happened, I immediately began to think about what to live on. I am married, I have children, sons. How can I make sure that it is I who provide for them, and not they? My wife was there all the time; she was very young then, but she has a very strong character, which helped both me and her cope with what happened. But I had to put myself back together very quickly.

I tried to find work in different fields. Before that, I worked as a coach for many years, colleagues suggested that I become a coach in wheelchair sports, but this was more of a managerial job, and I was not interested. Wealthy friends offered me work as an assistant, a driver, and I myself was ready to even glue boxes if it gave me income. But in the end I said “thank you” to them and decided that I would try it myself. I began to create my own workplace: a video room in the library where my wife worked, selling publishing systems, then working with real estate. I have also been in the auto business for almost 15 years, and my company has long been one of the leaders in the automotive market in its segment. Now I am again building some new business model.

They promised me that in a couple of years my second leg would be amputated. I understood that then everything would become more difficult. After the amputation, I gained a lot of weight, my heart began to tell itself, and I decided to make an attempt to return, oddly enough, to almost the lifestyle that I led when I was in my best shape. I started with swimming to improve my cardiovascular fitness, then added weight training, then table tennis, and then when my wife and son decided to take up skiing, I decided to join. Without a prosthesis. I drove 10 meters the first time and fell, I drove 15 meters the second time and fell. Then I found an excellent coach and learned to skate very well, even began to compete: at the World Cup, European Cup, and Paralympic Games. Then it became interesting: if I go downhill skiing, should it be water skiing? We got it. And ski slalom turned out well: I take part in competitions both among two-legged people and among one-legged people.

Every person living with two arms, two legs and a healthy spine must understand that this can change at any moment, at any second. But there is no need to be afraid at all: a person with a changed body can do things that ordinary people never dreamed of.

Pavel Obiukh

What happened: I was born blind

What he does: business coach, athlete

Pavel Obiukh

I was born blind. Of course, from childhood I understood that my situation was different from the situation of other people. A very important factor for me was that my loved ones never treated me as if I had any special features: I was raised exactly the same as my sighted brother. In high school, I began to decide what to do in life: I always had enough hobbies. Sports, music, reading - I was interested in a lot. Thanks to this, I constantly met very different people and got involved in what they were doing. As a result, today I work as a business coach for Dialogues in the Dark, and work is my main concern.

I have a pedagogical education, my academic degree is also in pedagogy, so I have always been involved in the learning process: even before the “Dialogues”, in other organizations, I was involved in the development of trainings, mainly social ones. Two years ago, a very good friend of mine said that he was recruiting people for a new company, and suggested that I start doing business training rather than social training. I said to myself: “This is another experience, another life experiment” - and decided to try to apply my knowledge and skills in this area. Training in the dark is, of course, special, but darkness is just a tool that we use. The entire training is the transfer of knowledge, experience, and analytical skills.

I still really like to read and am still interested in sports: I ski, I have three skydives, and in the summer I go on multi-day kayaking trips. Danger, in my understanding, is a rather conventional thing. The precautions and safety measures I take in some of my activities may sometimes differ from those taken by sighted people. But if the kayak capsizes, both me and the sighted crew member will be saved by our ability to swim. There is no difference here.

Any person should love himself. Someone once said that treating yourself badly is stupid: there are already so many people in the world capable of treating you badly, why else would you do it yourself? You need to be in a normal relationship with yourself, and the body in this sense is no exception.

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