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Short-term financial investments arefinancial investments with a period not exceeding 12 months. A comparison of short-term and long-term financial investments allows us to better understand their economic meaning. This article is devoted to these aspects.

Short-term financial investments: definition and line in the balance sheet

Investments in financial assets with a period not reaching 12 months (acquired rights to receivables, short-term interest-bearing loans, deposits, securities, other financial investments) - these are short-term financial investments. They are reflected on line 1240 of the enterprise’s balance sheet. Let us recall that 1240 is one of the asset lines of the balance sheet, characterizing the current assets of the enterprise.

IMPORTANT! Clause 20 PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization” indicates that the company’s own repurchased shares must also be included among short-term financial investments. However, this directly contradicts paragraph. 4 clause 3 PBU 19/02 “Accounting for financial investments”. What should I do? There is a general legal principle according to which a contradiction between normative acts of the same level (PBU 4/99 and PBU 19/02 are normative documents of the same level) is resolved in favor of the one that has a later date of adoption. In our case, it is the norms of PBU 19/02 that must be followed, since it came into force in 2003, and PBU 4/99 - in 2000. Therefore, you should not classify your own repurchased shares as financial assets.

Line 1240 reflects the sum of the balance on Dt 58 (in terms of short-term financial investments), the balance on Dt 73 (in terms of short-term loans to personnel) and the balance on Dt 55 (in terms of short-term deposits). This amount should be reduced by the balance under Kt 59 in terms of the formation of reserves for short-term financial investments.

The difficulty is presented by the fact that for the account. 58 of the modern chart of accounts (order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n, hereinafter referred to as order No. 94n) there is no division into long-term and short-term financial investments. In this case, the enterprise independently has the right to open first and second order subaccounts in accordance with the goals of its accounting policy.

In addition, in the instructions for using the chart of accounts (order No. 94n) regarding the account. 58 explicitly states that an enterprise is obliged to “ensure the possibility of obtaining data on short-term and long-term assets.” Such a detailed division will also significantly simplify the process of drawing up a balance sheet for an enterprise.

Long-term financial investments: for what period are they issued, to which account do they belong, what line is in the balance sheet?

Long-term financial investments on the balance sheet are financial investments with a period exceeding 12 months. Their analytical accounting is also kept on the account. 58. The amount of long-term financial investments in the balance sheet is line 1170. As in the case of short-term financial investments, the amount reflected in the balance sheet includes not only the debit balance of the account. 58. Here you also need to add the debit balances on your account. 55 and 73 in terms of assets classified as long-term financial investments. In these accounts, such assets include:

• deposits with a maturity of 12 months (Dt account 55.3);
• loans provided to employees of an organization with a repayment period of more than 12 months (Dt account 73.1).

The amount of account debit balances. 58 (subaccount “Long-term financial investments”), 55.3, 73.1 before it is reflected on line 1170 of the balance sheet, it must be reduced by the balance of the loan account. 59 (reserves for long-term investments).

Thus, the main difference in the characteristics of long-term and short-term investments is their duration. There are no other differences between short-term and long-term financial investments. Securities purchased by an enterprise can be a long-term source of investment, or they can be used for speculative purposes and purchased for a short-term period. Deposits can also be placed for different periods; the situation is similar with issued loans.

Results

Long-term and short-term financial investments differ only in the period for which they are made. Investments with a maturity of less than a year are classified as short-term. Accounting for financial investments is carried out on the account. 58. Financial investments also include assets reflected in the account. 55.3 and 73.1.

Financial investments- these are assets that bring income to the organization in the form of interest, dividends, etc. (Clause 2 PBU 19/02).

Financial investments include, for example:

securities;

contributions to the authorized (share) capital of other organizations;

loans provided to other organizations;

To account for each type of financial investment, subaccounts are opened to account 58 “Financial investments”.

Information about such loans is reflected in section. II balance sheet under the item "Accounts receivable".

In addition, the Instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts stipulate that such financial investments as deposits can be accounted for in account 55 “Special accounts in banks”, subaccount 55-3 “Deposit accounts”, and interest-bearing loans issued to employees of the organization can be reflected in account 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations”, subaccount 73-1 “Settlements for loans provided”.

Disposal of financial investments

When the debtor repays monetary obligations, the organization reflects the disposal of financial investments.

In this case, amounts received from the debtor are taken into account as part of the organization’s other income.

The initial cost of a retiring financial investment is taken into account as part of other expenses (clauses 25, 34 PBU 19/02, clauses 7, 16 of the Accounting Regulations “Income of the Organization” PBU 9/99, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.05. 1999 N 32n, clauses 11, 19 of the Accounting Regulations “Expenses of the organization” PBU 10/99, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 05/06/1999 N 33n).

Thus, upon disposal of financial investments, their value is written off from the credit of account 58 “Financial investments” in correspondence with subaccount 91-2 “Other expenses”.

Financial investments and accounting statements

Regardless of which accounting account reflects assets that, in accordance with the requirements of PBU 19/02, are financial investments, information about them must be shown in the balance sheet as part of financial investments.

Thus, line 1170 “Financial investments” of the balance sheet indicates shares, bonds, financial bills and other securities acquired by the organization.

It also reflects contributions to the authorized (share) capital of other organizations, joint venture agreements and the amount of interest-bearing loans provided by your company.

Note that line 1170 “Financial investments” reflects long-term financial investments (clauses 2, 3 of PBU 19/02), that is, those whose maturity (circulation) period exceeds one year after the reporting date.

The cost of short-term financial investments (with a circulation or maturity period of no more than 12 months after the reporting date) should be reflected in line 1240 “Financial investments (except for cash equivalents)” of the balance sheet.

According to the clarification of the Ministry of Finance of Russia, line 1170 “Financial investments” of the balance sheet should also reflect information on the amount of funds transferred by the organization on account of a deposit in another organization, before the state registration of the corresponding changes in the constituent documents (Letter dated 02/06/2015 N 07-04 -06/5027).

If an organization draws up Explanations to the Balance Sheet and the Statement of Financial Results according to the forms contained in the Example of Explaining Explanations given in Appendix No. 3 to Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n, then for a detailed decoding of information on financial investments, tables 3.1 and 3.2 are filled out. included in the standard form of explanations to the balance sheet.




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Financial investments: details for an accountant

• Additional financial investments

  PBU 19/02 “Accounting for financial investments”, providing for the recognition of financial investments, including those acquired... depending on the nature of the financial investments, the procedure for their acquisition and use, the unit of financial investments can be... the cost of financial investments in the aggregate (financial investments recognized previously before an additional investment, and a financial investment recognized... the initial cost of financial investments) is included in income and expenses for the revaluation of financial investments - reduce...

• Updated annual accounting reporting forms

  204 00 000 “Financial investments” of which 241 The cost of long-term financial investments reflected in...

• Accounting for factoring companies attracting external financing

  ...) 58/Loans (financial investments) 1,062,000,000 Closing financial investments 76/Settlements with...) 58/Client (financial investments) 1,180,000,000 Cost of financial investment written off 91/Expenses...) 58/ Client (financial investments) 1,180,000,000 Written off the cost of financial investment 91/Expenses...) 58/Client (financial investments) 1,180,000,000 Written off the cost of financial investments 91/Expenses...

• Reflection of the transaction to acquire a 100% share in the authorized capital of LLC

  At original cost. The initial cost of financial investments acquired for a fee is recognized as the amount... in the actual costs of acquiring financial investments, general business and other similar... account 58 "Financial investments" is maintained by type of financial investments and objects, in... is not determined, therefore this financial investment is subject to reflection in accounting... capital of the LLC; - Encyclopedia of solutions. Financial investments (line 1170). Answer prepared by: Expert...

• Changes to the Unified Chart of Accounts and instructions for its use

  Accounts 0 204 00 000 “Financial investments”. For analytical accounting accounts...

• Filling out the balance sheet (f. 0503130) for 2018: what to pay attention to?

  0 201 22 000 241 Financial investments 0 204 00 000 251 ...

• What to pay attention to when preparing annual financial statements for 2017

  Loans as financial investments and incorrectly reflected in the line “Financial investments” of the balance sheet... Accounting regulations “Accounting for financial investments” (PBU 19/02), approved by order... No. 126n, one of the main criteria for financial investments is the ability of an asset to bring an organization..., material assets, intangible assets and financial investments. ** Under gross violation of the requirements for...

• Pledge. Accounting and Taxation

  On the basis of the loan agreement 58 "Financial investments", subaccount 3 "Provided...; Current accounts" 58 "Financial investments", subaccount 3 "Provided... debt (for example, accounts 62, 58 "Financial investments", subaccount "Provided loans ", 76 and... with the auction organizer" 58 "Financial investments", subaccount 3 "Provided... with the auction organizer" 58 "Financial investments", subaccount 3 "Provided...

• Changes in financial statements for 2018

  Funds of the institution in a credit institution, financial investments, receivables for income and... 0 201 30 000) 207 Financial investments (account 0 204 00 000 ...

• Accounting for the assignment from the resource supplying organization

  Requirements are one of the types of financial investments. According to the Instructions for the Application of the Plan... 94n, account 58 “Financial Investments” is intended for accounting for financial investments. At the same time... accounting for assets as financial investments requires the one-time fulfillment of the conditions contained... the difference between the sale (redemption) price of a financial investment and its purchase price in... and accordingly cannot be considered a financial investment. Such an asset can be taken into account...

• The discrepancy between tax and accounting reporting indicators under the simplified tax system: how to explain it to the tax authorities?

  ... - accounts receivable; by code 1240 – financial investments (except for cash equivalents); by... shares purchased from shareholders; other financial investments. In the income statement... issued, short-term loans and other financial investments. Not all of these amounts...

• Trade credit under a simplified taxation system

  According to accounting “Accounting for financial investments” PBU 19/02 (approved... PBU 19/02 refers to the financial investments of an organization. Such investments are accepted by... 19/02). The initial cost of financial investments acquired under contracts providing for the execution...) provides for the use of account 58 "Financial investments", subaccount 3 "Provided... .1999 N 33n). The initial cost of a financial investment is the amount specified by the parties in.. .

• Contribution to a subsidiary to increase net assets: how to take into account

  As an asset in the form of financial investments (clause 2 of PBU 19/02 ... “Accounting for financial investments”). The position of the financial department, set out... PBU 19/02 "Accounting for Financial Investments", are carried out (see material: "... contribution to property as a financial investment and take it into account... 58 "Financial Investments". As already was us...

• “What does it cost us to build a house”: a simple partnership for the construction of a building

  PT, are included by the friend in the financial investments not according to their monetary valuation... activities will be taken into account as part of the financial investments of the fellow developer, not according to the valuation... accounting of the friend. The investor's size of financial investments will be equal to the nominal value of cash... Accounting provisions “Accounting for financial investments” PBU 19/02; para. 2...

• Accounting statements – 2017: recommendations of the Ministry of Finance

  Deposits), cash and payment documents, financial investments, funds in settlements, including...

- a security certifying the amount of the deposit with a written certificate from the bank about the deposit of funds.

Types of financial investments and their assessment

The implementation of financial investments should be preceded by a thorough analysis of the market for financial assets, which facilitates the selection of the optimal option that ensures the reliability and profitability of the investments made.

Financial investments— investments in and securities of other organizations, acquisition costs; funds lent on the territory of Russia and abroad; deposits in credit institutions; receivables acquired on the basis of assignment of the right of claim, etc.

In accordance with PBU 19/02 “Accounting for Financial Investments”, the following assets must be included in the financial investments of an organization for accounting purposes: state and municipal securities, securities of other organizations, including debt securities, in which the date and cost of repayment determined (bonds, bills); contributions to the authorized (share) capital of other organizations (including subsidiaries and dependent business companies); loans provided to other organizations, deposits in credit institutions, receivables acquired on the basis of assignment of claims, etc.

The contributions of the partner organization under a simple partnership agreement are also taken into account as part of financial investments (Table 12.1).

Composition of financial investments

• the presence of correctly executed documents confirming the existence of the organization’s right to financial investments and to receive funds or other assets arising from this right;
• transition to organizing financial risks associated with financial investments (risk of price changes, risk of debtor insolvency, liquidity risk, etc.);
• the ability to bring economic benefits (income) to the organization in the future in the form of interest, dividends, or an increase in their value (in the form of the difference between the sale (redemption) price of a financial investment and its purchase value, as a result of its exchange, use in repaying the organization’s obligations, an increase in the current market value, etc.).

• own shares purchased by the joint-stock company from shareholders for subsequent resale or cancellation;
• bills issued by the organization-issuer of the bill and received by the organization-seller when paying for goods sold, products, work performed, services rendered (in payment for these goods (works, services), if the payer for them is the buyer himself;
• investments of an organization in real estate and other property that has a tangible form, provided by the organization for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) for the purpose of generating income, i.e. assets that have a tangible form, such as fixed assets, inventories, as well as intangible assets that are not financial investments;
• precious metals, jewelry, works of art and other similar valuables acquired for purposes other than normal activities.

The accounting unit for financial investments is selected by the organization independently in such a way as to ensure the formation of complete and reliable information about these investments, as well as proper control over their availability and movement. Depending on the nature of financial investments, the order of their acquisition and use, a unit of financial investments can be a series, batch, etc., a homogeneous set of financial investments.

The organization maintains analytical accounting of financial investments in order to provide information on the accounting units of financial investments and the organizations in which these investments are made (issuers of securities, other organizations in which the organization is a participant, borrowing organizations, etc.).

An organization needs to keep analytical records of financial investments. An organization can generate in analytical accounting additional information about the organization’s financial investments, including by their groups (types).

Paragraph 6 of PBU 19/02 separately stipulates what information about securities should be disclosed in this case. For government securities and securities of other organizations accepted for accounting, analytical accounting must contain at least the following information: name of the issuer and name of the security, number, series, etc., nominal price, purchase price, expenses associated with acquisition of securities, total quantity, date of purchase, date of sale or other disposal, place of storage. Features of the assessment and additional rules for disclosing information on financial investments in dependent business companies in financial statements are established by a separate regulatory act on accounting.

Receipt and initial assessment of financial investments

In accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, securities are movable property of the organization. Like any other property, they are subject to mandatory monetary valuation and are reflected in accounting. When accepted for accounting, financial investments are divided into two groups: by which the current market value can be determined and by which this cannot be done. The first group includes quoted securities, shares (if the founder of the mutual fund regularly publishes their price), as well as other financial investments, the current value of which is documented. In this case, financial investments are accepted for accounting at their original cost.

The initial cost of financial investments acquired for a fee from other organizations is recognized as the amount of the organization's actual costs for their acquisition, with the exception of value added tax and other refundable taxes (except for cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees).

• amounts paid in accordance with the contract to the seller;
• amounts paid to organizations and other persons for information and consulting services related to the acquisition of these assets. If an organization is provided with information and consulting services related to making a decision on the acquisition of financial investments, and the organization does not make a decision on such acquisition, the cost of these services is included in the financial results of a commercial organization (as part of operating expenses) or an increase in the expenses of a non-profit organization of that reporting period when the decision was made not to purchase financial investments;
• remuneration paid to an intermediary organization or other person through which assets were acquired as financial investments;
• other costs directly related to the acquisition of assets as financial investments.

General and other similar expenses are not included in the actual costs of acquiring financial investments, except when they are directly related to the acquisition of financial investments.

The actual costs of acquiring assets as financial investments can be determined (decrease or increase) taking into account the amount differences that arise in cases where payment is made in rubles in an amount equivalent to the amount in foreign currency (conventional monetary units) before accepting the assets as financial investments in accounting.

If the amount of costs (except for the amounts paid in accordance with the agreement to the seller) for the acquisition of such financial investments as securities is insignificant compared to the amount paid in accordance with the agreement to the seller, the organization has the right to recognize such costs as other operating expenses of the organization in that reporting the period in which the specified securities were accepted for accounting.

The initial cost of financial investments made as a contribution to the authorized (share) capital of an organization is recognized as their monetary value, agreed upon by the founders (participants) of the organization, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The initial cost of such financial investments as securities received by an organization free of charge from the founders or other organizations and persons is recognized as:

• their current market value as of the date of acceptance for accounting. For the purposes of these Regulations, the current market value of securities is understood as their market price, calculated in the prescribed manner by the organizer of trading on the securities market;
• the amount of funds that can be received as a result of the sale of received securities on the date of their acceptance for accounting - for securities for which the market price is not calculated by the organizer of trading on the securities market.

The initial cost of financial investments acquired under agreements providing for the fulfillment of obligations (payment) in non-monetary means is recognized as the value of assets transferred or to be transferred by the organization. The value of assets transferred or to be transferred by an organization is established based on the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually determines the value of similar assets.

If it is impossible to determine the value of assets transferred or to be transferred by an organization, the value of financial investments received by the organization under agreements providing for the fulfillment of obligations (payment) in non-monetary means is determined based on the cost at which similar financial investments are acquired in comparable circumstances.

The initial cost of financial investments contributed to the contribution of the partner organization under a simple partnership agreement is recognized as their monetary value, agreed upon by the partners in the simple partnership agreement.

The initial cost of financial investments, the cost of which upon acquisition is determined in foreign currency, is determined in rubles by converting foreign currency at the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation effective on the date of their acceptance for accounting.

Securities that do not belong to the organization by right of ownership, economic management or operational management, but are in its use or disposal in accordance with the terms of the agreement, are accepted for accounting in the assessment provided for in the agreement.

The initial cost of financial investments at which they are accepted for accounting may change in cases established by law and these Regulations.

For the purposes of subsequent assessment, financial investments are divided into two groups: financial investments for which the current market value can be determined in the manner prescribed by these Regulations, and financial investments for which their current market value is not determined.

Financial investments for which the current market value can be determined in the prescribed manner are reflected in the financial statements at the end of the reporting year at the current market value by adjusting their valuation as of the previous reporting date. The organization can make this adjustment monthly or quarterly.

The difference between the assessment of financial investments at the current market value as of the reporting date and the previous assessment of financial investments is attributed to the financial results of a commercial organization (as part of operating income or expenses) or an increase in income or expenses of a non-profit organization in correspondence with the financial investment account.

Financial investments for which the current market value is not determined are subject to reflection in accounting and financial statements as of the reporting date at their original cost.

When purchasing financial investments using borrowed funds, the costs of received loans and borrowings are taken into account in accordance with the Accounting Regulations PBU 10/99 “Organization Expenses” and the Accounting Regulations PBU 15/01 “Accounting for Loans and Credits and the Costs of Their Service.”

One of the main components of financial investments are securities. In accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the following types of securities are allowed for circulation on the Russian stock market: government bonds, bonds, bills, checks, deposit and savings certificates, bearer bank savings books, simple and double warehouse receipts (and each part thereof), bills of lading, shares, privatization securities, housing certificates, as well as derivative securities - option certificates.

All securities must contain mandatory details. Their absence or non-compliance entails the invalidity of the transaction made through them.

Purchase of securities

• amounts paid to the seller;
• the cost of information and consulting services related to the acquisition of these securities;
• intermediary remuneration;
• other costs directly related to the purchase of securities.

This list does not include interest on loans received for the purchase of securities (clause 3.2 of Order No. 2 of the Ministry of Finance dated January 15, 1997). From January 1, 2003, interest on such loans does not increase the cost of financial investments (securities) reflected in balance sheet account 58 “Financial investments”. They should be classified as operating expenses (subaccount 91/2 “Other expenses”).

The only exception is when the company uses the loan received for prepayment. Then the receivables must be increased by the amount of interest (clause 15 of PBU 15/01). But this must be done before the papers are accepted for accounting. Also, the costs of purchasing securities do not include general business expenses (unless they are directly related to this purchase).

Example. The organization purchased 100 bonds from a third party. The price of each bond is 450 rubles. The brokerage commission amounted to 540 rubles. (including VAT - 90 rubles).

The accountant must make the following entries:

• debit of account 19 “Value added tax on acquired assets”, credit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” - 90 rubles. — VAT on brokerage services is reflected;
• debit of account 58/2 “Debt securities”, credit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” - 45,450 rubles. (45,000+
  + 540 - 90) - bonds are credited to the balance sheet.

In accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, securities are not subject to VAT, so there is no need to record input VAT on them.

The purchase and sale agreement may provide that securities (as well as services for their acquisition) are paid in rubles at the foreign currency exchange rate on the day the buyer transfers money. In such a situation, the purchase price is adjusted (increased or decreased) by the amount of the amount differences. True, this can only be done before the papers are accepted for accounting.

As a rule, the largest part of the purchase costs is the actual cost of the securities. If the share of all remaining costs does not exceed 5% of the amounts paid to the seller, then they can be recorded as operating expenses.

Example. Let's use the condition of the previous example.

Other costs for the purchase of bonds amounted to 1% (540 rubles - 90 rubles) / 45,000 rubles, which is less than 5%. Therefore, the accountant can take them into account either in subaccount 58/2 “Debt securities” or in subaccount 91/2 “Other expenses”. In the second case, you need to make the following entries:

• debit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, credit of account 51 “Settlement accounts” - 45,000 rubles. (100 pcs * 450 rubles) - money was transferred to pay for bonds;
• debit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, credit of account 51 “Settlement accounts” - 540 rubles. — the brokerage company’s remuneration has been paid;
• debit of account 19 “Value added tax on acquired assets”, credit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” - 90 rubles. — VAT on brokerage services is reflected.

Financial investments, depending on the time period for which they are made, are divided into 2 types: long-term and short-term.

The return period for long-term financial investments exceeds 1 year. Such investments include contributions to the authorized capital of other organizations, including costs abroad for the acquisition of shares, interest-bearing bonds, and the provision of loans.

The period for return or repayment of short-term financial investments does not exceed 1 year. This type of financial investment also includes investments in securities for which the maturity date is not set and without the intention of receiving income for more than one year.

Account 58 “Financial investments” is intended for accounting of financial investments.

The procedure for recording loans in loan accounting accounts is as follows:

• debit account 58/3 "Loans provided",
• credit account 51 "Current accounts";

• debit of account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors,
• credit to account 99 "Profits and losses";

• credit account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors."

The party receiving borrowed funds is obliged to pay value added tax to the budget.

When repaying loans received, the following accounting entry is made:

• debit of account 51 "Current accounts",
• credit account 58 "Financial investments".

It summarizes information about the availability and movement of an enterprise’s investments in various values ​​and capitals. Let us further consider in detail account 58 in accounting, the objects that pass through it, and the features of their recording in reporting.

General information

Account 58 in accounting (on the balance sheet) collects information about the company’s investments in shares, securities, and bonds. This article covers funds invested in the authorized capital of other organizations. It also reflects loans provided to third party companies.

Account 58 in accounting: subaccounts

This article may be accessed by:

• Subaccount 58.1 for shares and shares.
• Subaccount 58.2 on debt securities (bonds).
• Subaccount 58.3 on loans provided.
• Subaccount 58.4 for deposits under a simple partnership agreement, etc.

According to Article 58.1, the presence and movement of investments in shares of joint stock companies and share (authorized) capitals of third-party companies are recorded. According to subaccount. 58.2 is the movement of deposits in private and government debt securities. These include, in particular, bonds.

Accounting account 58: postings

In the course of its activities, an enterprise can invest in various assets. All these investments go to account 58. In accounting, these investments are debited. In this case, items reflecting values ​​to be transferred to make the specified deposits are credited. For example, the acquisition by a company of securities of a third-party company is carried out under the DB account. 58 and Kd sch. 51 or count. 52 (current or foreign currency accounts, respectively).

Write-off of excess amounts

If the purchase price of the purchased bonds and other debt securities is higher than the nominal value, then the resulting difference is closed by an entry on the DB account. 76 and Kd sch. 58 and 91. The debit is the amount of income due to be received. The loan reflects the difference between the funds allocated to the account. 76, recording settlements with debtors and creditors, and account. 58. Redemption (redemption) and sale of securities is reflected in the DB account. 91. In this case, account 58 in accounting is credited. Such entries are not made only by those enterprises that show these transactions in their accounts. 90.

Loans

As stated above, they are also reflected in account 58. In accounting, loans that are secured by bills of exchange are treated separately under this item. The movement of funds provided for use by individuals (except for employees of the enterprise) and legal entities is shown by debit. In this case, account 58 is active in accounting. He corresponds with account. 51 or other similar ones. When loans are repaid, a reverse entry is made. That is, the movement will be along the DB sch. 51 and Kd sch. 58.

Deposits according to the agreement

When a deposit is provided, account 58 in accounting is debited. In the recording he corresponds with the account. 51 and other articles reflecting the movement of allocated property. Accordingly, as in the previous case, upon termination of the contract, a reverse entry is made. Thus, what account 58 will be in accounting - active or passive - depends on the operation being performed.

Analytics

The construction of accounting should provide the ability to obtain information about long-term and short-term assets. Analytics is carried out for the item under consideration in accordance with the types of financial investments and the objects in which they are made:

• For companies that sell shares.
• For other enterprises in which the company is a participant.
• By borrowing organizations, etc.

Accounting for investments within a group of interrelated companies, the activities of which are compiled as consolidated reports, is carried out on the account. 58 apart.

Participation in other companies

It is reflected on the account. 58 in various forms. At the same time, the instructions focus on the fact that this article covers values ​​not only transferred for the purpose of making the relevant investments, but also those that are subject to transfer. In the latter case, in particular, we mean securities, the ownership rights to which have already transferred to the acquirer. As a rule, participation in other companies is expressed in the purchase of shares. But the market value of securities constantly fluctuates. During the accounting process, difficulties that arise can become decisive. The previous instructions noted that bonds, shares and other securities are recorded under the heading of financial investments at their purchase price. The new recommendations say nothing about this. This is due to the fact that the procedure in accordance with which assets are assessed is regulated by other regulations. One of them, in particular, is the Regulation on Accounting and Reporting. Clause 44 states that financial investments are fixed in the amount of the investor’s actual expenses. These costs are in some cases higher than the purchase price by the amount of certain expenses. The latter, in particular, may be payment for consulting and information services related to the acquisition of securities, remuneration for the intermediary with the help of whom the transaction was concluded, and so on.

Compromise solution

In classical terminology, the excess of the exchange rate value over the nominal value is called agio, the decrease is called disaggio. There is a lot of debate in the literature about whether these processes affect the amount of capital of an enterprise. A realistic answer is positive. This is due to the fact that in this case the value of securities and the total price of assets are more accurately reflected. A negative answer will be no less realistic. In this case, the amounts actually invested in securities and, accordingly, in assets will remain. In practice, a compromise solution has been developed. In accounting, agios are not reflected, but disaggios are shown using an account. 59, fixing reserves for impairment of investments in shares and other securities.

Contradictions in norms

In accordance with the account plan, accounting of funds invested in bank deposits is carried out according to subaccounts. "Deposit accounts" (55.3). Another indication is contained in clause 3 of PBU 19/02. This paragraph states that such deposits are recorded by account 58. In accounting, the deposit, according to current legislation, is reflected in the way that the enterprise chooses. In this case, the preferred option may be fixed in the financial policy and disclosed in the explanatory note attached to the financial statements.

Reflection methods

Thus, you can choose one of the following options:

Many experts are of the opinion that the second option is more appropriate. This is explained by the fact that the deposit is opened to extract additional profit from the provision of the company’s assets on a reimbursable basis.

Shares and shares

The management of an enterprise can invest in the authorized capital of various commercial organizations, purchase their shares, that is, invest in third-party companies. Such activities can be carried out:

1. In the form of a cash contribution through the purchase of shares.
2. By transferring various types of intangible and tangible assets.
3. In the form of direct investment of funds into capital.

All these options significantly complicate the characteristics of subaccounts. 58.1. It can thus be called:

As a result, in accordance with these interpretations, three versions of accounting arise. Let's look at them.

Face value

Securities may be accounted for according to this indicator. The advantage of this method is the ease of recording inventory. The balance and the amount of nominal values ​​are equal. The size of the investments taken into account becomes equal to the share corresponding to the capital value of the company to which these shares belong. Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting that the real price of securities almost never corresponds to the nominal price. This means that the balance on the subaccount. 58.1 will not be real.

Actual acquisition cost

In this case, the balance on the subaccount. 58.1 will reflect the funds actually invested in shares. However, at the same time, it rarely corresponds to the amount of capital that belongs to the acquirer of the company that issued the securities. This circumstance creates certain difficulties in the inventory process.

Current rate

When accounting for this indicator, the balance will show the liquidation value of the securities, that is, the price at which they can be sold at the current moment. However, you need to remember that stock prices are very volatile. This encourages the accountant to constantly re-evaluate them. Accordingly, their inventory becomes more complicated. At the same time, the value of the capital that was actually invested essentially disappears, and the size of the nominal value is quite problematic to calculate. Following the principle of prudence, it is preferable to choose the second and third options. Shares should be accounted for at cost of actual acquisition. However, if the current exchange rate falls below the purchase price, the difference is written off as a loss.

Conclusion

All investments are reflected in the debit of the “Financial Investments” account for shares and shares in the full amount (at their actual cost). In this case, the denomination size of the paper does not matter. Shares are received according to the actual price. It also does not matter the size of the acquired share in the capital of the company. The buyer must capitalize it at the amount actually received. Shares, like other property, are reflected in the company's balance sheet, provided that it has ownership rights to them. This requirement is established by paragraph 44 of the Reporting Regulations. The moment of his transfer to the papers and the rights secured by them depends on the method of their storage and recording. This may be a special registry system or a depository.

Account 58 “Financial investments” is intended for detailed accounting of the enterprise’s investments. What is a financial investment? In what order is accounting kept? 58? Let's look at typical examples and wiring.

Accounting account 58 is...

Regulatory requirements for the formation of data on financial investments in accounting are regulated by PBU 19/02. In accordance with clause 3 of this document, the following are recognized as investments of a legal entity:

• Securities (CB) of state and municipal structures.
• Other securities, including overdue ones (debt bonds, bills).
• Loans provided.
• Contributions to the authorized capital of enterprises, incl. subsidiaries or dependent companies, under simple partnership agreements.
• Receivables transferred by assignment.
• Deposits.
• Other types.

Note! Investments in own securities are not considered financial investments; bills for payments for goods sold; precious metals, art objects, jewelry; etc.

Thus, accounting account 58 is a collection of information on the movement of short-term (for a period of less than 1 year) and long-term (more than 1 year) investments of the enterprise in sub-accounts opened, depending on the need.

According to Order No. 94n dated October 31, 2000, account 58 “Financial investments” may have the following subaccounts:

1. Account 58. 1 – to reflect information on shares and shares.
2. Account 58.2 – to reflect information about debt securities.
3. Account 58.3 – to reflect information about loans provided to other companies.
4. Account 58.4 – to reflect information about deposits under simple partnership agreements.

Count 58 – active or passive?

The placement of the organization's investments is carried out by debiting account 58 in correspondence with cash or other accounts - 50, , 51, , 76, 75, 98, . The credit of account 58 reflects the repayment of loans, the excess of the purchase price of securities over the nominal value, the repurchase and sale of securities, the return of assets on deposits of a simple partnership and other operations. Correspondence is carried out with accounts - 52, 51, 76, 90, 80, 91, 99. The balance of active account 58 shows the balance of financial investments as of a given date.

Important! 58 account in the balance sheet is displayed together with the account. 73 and 55 (in terms of loans to staff and deposits) on lines 1170, 1240, depending on the validity period minus the account balance. 59, where reserves for impairment of investments are formed.

Account 58 “Financial investments” - examples of postings

To make the correspondence of account 58 more understandable, let’s look at practical examples:

Example 1

“On the transfer of fixed assets/funds as a contribution to the charter under a simple partnership agreement.” Let’s say the company paid for its share of the equipment. The market value is estimated at 400,000 rubles, wiring - D 58.4 K 76 for 400,000 rubles. under contract.

Accordingly, the object is written off from the balance sheet. When paying for a deposit in cash, the posting is D 58.4 K 50, 51, 52.

Example 2

“On investments in debt securities.” Suppose an organization purchased shares for 100,000 rubles. The accountant will make the following entries:

D 58.1 K 51 for 100,000 rubles. – the purchase of shares is reflected.

D 58.1 K 91.1 for 700 rubles. – reflects the increase in share price. When decreasing, reverse wiring is performed D 91.2 K 58.1.

D 76 (62) K 91.1 for 120,000 rubles. – the sale of shares to a legal entity is reflected.

D 91.2 K 58.1 for 100,700 rubles. – the write-off of the current book value of sold shares is reflected.

Example 3

“For providing a loan to a legal entity or employee.”

The organization issued a loan to another enterprise for 500,000 rubles, posting - D account 58.03 K 51. In this case, interest is calculated monthly according to D 76 K 91.1,

and repayment of the principal debt and interest obligations is carried out by transferring funds to the borrower's account D 51 K 58.03. If a loan is issued to an employee of an organization, it is more appropriate to record all payments through an account. 73.

Conclusion - we figured out how account 58 is reflected in the balance sheet; We found out what standard transactions are used to document the movement of various financial investments of an enterprise and what legislative documents regulate investment accounting.