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HMS Victory (1765) is a 104-gun ship of the line of the first rank of the Royal Navy of Great Britain. Laid down on July 23, 1759, launched on May 7, 1765. He took part in many naval battles, including the Battle of Trafalgar, during which Admiral Nelson was mortally wounded on board. After 1812, she did not take part in hostilities, and since January 12, 1922, she has been permanently moored in the oldest naval dock in Portsmouth. Currently, the ship has been restored to the condition in which it was during the Battle of Trafalgar and turned into a museum, which is one of the main attractions of Portsmouth.

Quite a long time ago, as a child, I collected Ognykov’s “Comrade” and “Eagle”. Assembled completely from the box, without painting. Then there was “Pourquois Pa”, I also assembled the version out of the box, but with coloring. And so, this fall I remembered my once forgotten hobby and decided to collect something. I chose the battleship HMS Victory from Zvezda. Although later, when I started assembling, I realized that the model was quite complicated for the first work after so many years, especially in terms of painting. But still he completed the work.

The ship took about 5 months to build. I painted it entirely with brushes, acrylic “Star” and a little “Tamiya”. Later I discovered that the “Star” paint adheres rather poorly to the surface and can be easily scratched with a fingernail. Because of this, the entire model was first covered with glossy and then matte Tamiya varnish from cans. The quality of the parts is quite mediocre, there is enough flash, a lot had to be “finished with a file”. I did not use primer or putty on this model.

I assembled it according to the instructions, there were minimal changes, except that I added a fence near the ladder from the lower deck. I did not use the paint scheme proposed by the star; I relied on photographs of the prototype taken in the summer of 2005. I didn’t like the plastic sails that came with the kit, so I didn’t install them at all. The rigging in the instructions is quite thin, so I decided to use the Mamoli drawings. The rigging was carried out as completely as the scale and my hands allow))). I didn't use blocks. The details of the spar are quite thin, then I noticed that the topmast on the mizzen mast was slightly pulled to the side (maybe I’m wrong in the name).

There are enough stocks. For example, the paint lines are not always straight, because... I used masking tape, it does not fit well everywhere, and in these places the paint flows under it, I tried to fix it with a toothpick. Also, the painting of small parts was not quite even, for example on the stern gallery, although I painted it with a toothpick, it still didn’t turn out very smooth - I don’t have enough experience))). Also quite a large jamb, I don’t know whether it’s just parts in the kit, or I assembled it crookedly: I started trying on the back wall of the aft gallery, it turned out to be a little wider in width. I couldn't think of anything else to do except grind down the right side a little.

Scale: 1/180

In the end, the result is in front of you. Ready to catch stools)))

The British plan was deliberately simple. They divided the fleet into two squadrons. One was commanded by Admiral Horatio Nelson, who intended to break the enemy's chain and destroy the ships in the vanguard and in the center, and the second squadron, under the command of Rear Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood, was to attack the enemy from the rear.

At 06:00 on 21 October 1805, the British fleet formed into two lines. The flagship of the first line, consisting of 15 ships, was the battleship Royal Sovereign, on which Rear Admiral Collingwood sailed. The second line, under the command of Admiral Nelson, consisted of 12 ships, and the flagship was the battleship HMS Victory. The wooden decks were sprinkled with sand, which protected against fire and absorbed blood. Having removed everything unnecessary that could interfere, the sailors prepared for battle.

At 08:00, Admiral Villeneuve gave the order to change course and return to Cadiz. Such a maneuver before the start of a naval battle upset the battle formation. The French-Spanish fleet, which was a crescent-shaped formation curved to the right towards the mainland, began to turn around chaotically. Dangerous gaps in the distance appeared in the formation of ships, and some ships, in order to avoid colliding with their neighbors, were forced to “fall out” of formation. Admiral Nelson, meanwhile, was approaching. He intended to break the line before the French sailing ships approached Cadiz. And he succeeded. A great naval battle began. Cannonballs flew, masts began to break and fall, people were dying, the wounded were screaming. It was complete hell.

In a number of battles in which the British were victorious, the French took a defensive position. They sought to limit the damage and increase the chances of retreat. This French position resulted in flawed military tactics. For example, gun crews were ordered to aim at masts and rigging to deny the enemy the opportunity to pursue French ships if they retreated. The British always aimed at the hull of a ship to kill or maim the enemy crew. In the tactics of naval combat, longitudinal shelling of enemy ships was considered the most effective, with the shelling being conducted at the stern. In this case, with an accurate hit, the cannonballs rushed from stern to bow, causing incredible damage to the ship along its entire length. During the Battle of Trafalgar, the French flagship Bucentaure was hit by such shelling, which lowered its flag and Villeneuve surrendered. During the battle, it was not always possible to perform the complex maneuver necessary for a longitudinal attack on the ship. Sometimes the ships stood alongside each other and opened fire from a short distance. If the ship's crew survived the terrible shelling, then hand-to-hand combat awaited them. Opponents often sought to capture each other's ships.

Battleship "Victory"

"Victory", translated as "Victory", Lord Nelson's flagship during the Battle of Trafalgar, became the fifth ship of the English fleet to bear this name. Its predecessor, a 100-gun battleship, was wrecked and lost with its entire crew in October 1744.

A new 100-gun battleship was ordered at the end of 1758, during the Seven Years' War. Its construction began the following summer in Chatham; the talented shipbuilder Thomas Slade developed the design and supervised the work. Perhaps, with a different development of events, the ship would have been built much faster, but the victories of the British fleet made haste unnecessary. By the way, the ship owes its name to the victories won in 1759, because the unfortunate fate of the previous battleship of the same name weighed on the people who chose the name for the new combat unit for some time.

The main material for the construction of Victory was beautiful, well-seasoned oak (a total of about 10,000 m3 of wood was required) - the procurement of materials began long before the start of work. The keel was made of elm; pine and other conifers were also used during construction. It is to high-quality wood that the ship owes its long and glorious career. It was launched in May 1765, but the Royal Navy did not feel the need for a three-deck giant at that time. As a result, until 1778, the Victory stood in the Medway River without weapons or crew.

Everything changed after the rebellious North American colonies were supported by France, which had a strong battle fleet. Now ships of the first rank were in demand, and by order of the commander of the Western Squadron (it was unofficially called the Canal Fleet from the English Channel) Admiral Augustus Keppel, the Victory was equipped with a crew (John Campbell became the first commander) and armed. The ship had the following characteristics: displacement - 3556 tons, maximum length - 69.3 m, on the main deck - 56.7 m, width - 15.8 m, draft - 8.8 m, distance from the waterline to the top of the mainmast - 62.5 m, sail area - 5440 m3, speed in normal wind - 9 knots, crew size - 850 people. The design armament consisted of 30 42-pounder guns on the gondeck, 28 24-pounder guns on the middeck, 30 12-pounder guns on the front deck, and 12 6-pounder guns on the quarterdeck and forecastle. But in preparation for the ship's commissioning, instead of 42 pound guns, 32 pound guns were installed on it. 42 pound guns were replaced by 32 pound guns.

"Victory"

Already on July 23, 1778, the Victory, on which Keppel held his flag, took part in the Battle of Ouessant. At one point in the battle, the flagship ships “Victory” and the 110-gun “Brittany”, on which was the French admiral Louis Gillouet, Count d'Orvilliers, came into contact with each other. The duel lasted only a few minutes, but each of the giants managed to inflict quite serious damage on the enemy. On the Vitori, which lost a total of 35 people killed and wounded during the battle, the mast was damaged (especially the foremast, which threatened to collapse at any moment), but the Brittany received many hits in the hull, and some of its guns were knocked out. The 90-gun ship Ville de Paris, which was following the Brittany, also suffered from the fire of the Victory cannons.

At the beginning of 1780, the Victory underwent repairs; to protect it from woodworms, its underwater part was sheathed with copper (3,923 sheets were required), and the armament underwent changes. So, 42 pounds returned to the lower deck, and carronades appeared for the first time in the bow of the upper deck - relatively small, 24 pounds. In this form, the battleship, commanded by Captain Henry Cromwell, under the flag of Rear Admiral Richard Kempefelt, took part in the attack on a French convoy in December 1781 (the Second Battle of Ouessant), when the British captured a dozen and a half merchant ships.

The end of the war led to the fact that in March 1783 the Victory in Portsmouth was put into reserve. In 1787-1788 she was thoroughly repaired and then returned to reserve. But the fleet soon began to increase its numbers as relations with France, where the revolution took place, quickly deteriorated. The ship of the first rank was first needed by the Canal Fleet, and then was sent to the Mediterranean Sea, where it found itself in the thick of things. Under the flag of Admiral Samuel Hood, he took part in the actions at Toulon and the Corsican campaign, during which the British took Bastia and Calvi. But the ship especially distinguished itself in January 1797 in the battle of Cape St. Vincent, where it was the flagship of Admiral John Jervis. Despite the Spanish numerical superiority, the British commander resolutely attacked the enemy and defeated him, earning the title of Earl of St. Vincent. Then “Victory” had a chance to meet in battle with the Spanish giant “Santissima Trinidad”.

However, this is where Victory’s glorious biography almost ended. In October 1797, the ship, which was not in the best condition, was laid up in Chatham and then turned into a floating hospital. And then fickle Fortune intervened: in October 1799, the battleship Impregnable was wrecked. They decided to find a replacement among the old ships, and the choice fell on Victory. They decided to return the “Veteran” to service, and in February 1800, extensive work began on it. The battleship was overhauled, re-equipped, and from mid-April 1803 it was again considered a first-rank ship. And on May 16, Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson raised the flag for the first time on Victory.

Until the fall of 1805, Victory successfully served, and was even able to distinguish herself during the capture of the French 32-gun frigate Embuscade. But the ship truly gained fame off the coast of Spain. In September, Victory, flying Nelson's flag, arrived at Cadiz, where the British were blockading Admiral Villeneuve's Franco-Spanish squadron. The battleship carried the following weapons: on the gondeck there were 30 long-barreled 32-pounder guns, on the middeck - 28 also long-barreled 24-pounder guns, on the front deck - 30 12-pounder guns, on the quarterdeck - 12 of the same guns, on the forecastle - two 12-pounder guns and two formidable 68-pounder guns carronades. The ship was commanded by Nelson's friend, one of the members of the famous "brotherhood" Captain Thomas Hardy.

In the great battle that took place near Cape Trafalgar on October 21, Victory led the bottom of two wake columns that cut through the Franco-Spanish formation. To encourage his men, Nelson ordered the famous signal to be raised: “England Expects That Every Man Will Do His Duty.” Usually at that time the flagships were in the middle of the battle line, but at Trafalgar Nelson found it necessary to put forward the ships of the first rank (the second column was led by the 100-gun Royal Sovereign under the flag of the junior flagship Vice Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood), which had the most durable hulls.

The British commander's plan was completely justified. Having withstood energetic, but not very accurate enemy fire while approaching (the most serious damage to the tiller during this period of the battle was the damage to the tiller; the steering wheel had to be steered from the lower deck), the Victory, while passing astern of the French flagship Busantor, received a crushing longitudinal salvo. Villeneuve's ship immediately found itself with many killed and wounded, and up to 20 guns were out of action. According to Hardy, the most successful shot was made by a carronade loaded with grapeshot on the port side. The starboard guns did not remain idle either, successfully firing at the Redoutable. This ship soon turned out to be very badly damaged and disabled, but before that, it was from its Mars that a French non-commissioned officer at 13:25 mortally wounded Nelson with an accurate shot. He was carried down, but this could no longer prevent the British from achieving an outstanding victory. The admiral died at 16:30, having still had time to learn about the brilliant victory and complete defeat of the enemy.

The casualties on the Victory were 57 killed and 102 wounded; the ship was seriously damaged, having lost its mast. He was brought to Gibraltar in tow. But this was no longer important: supremacy of the seas remained with Britain until the end of the war.

The ship's active service continued until the fall of 1812, after which it was turned into a blockade. Victory served as an auxiliary unit until 1922, when work on its restoration began with funds from a special fund. The restoration was completed in 1928, and since then Victory has been in dry dock in Portsmouth, being one of the main attractions of the city. By the way, contrary to popular belief, the ship is not just a museum; it is still part of the Royal Navy.

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Before the Admiralty could authorize the construction of a new ship, its members had to know what it would be like. This was a common practice for shipbuilders of the time when it was necessary to submit a model of a future ship for approval. The models created for this purpose did not have masts or rigging. You can now build the HMS Victory as a complete model of the warship that defended English honor during the Battle of Trafalham in 1805.

Description of the Victory ship set

Housing with double skinned made of linden and excellent walnut, the deck is covered with tanganika slats. Coincidentally or not, the walnut slats for finishing trim are available in both light and dark. This allows you to create the light stripes that were painted with yellow ocher on the prototype without resorting to painting. To aid in assembly, all of the wood pieces have already been cut out. As expected, the velvets are made with thicker slats. The rudder blade, which is very rare in models, is composite, consisting of five separate vertical elements. This is truly amazing!

The cannons on the upper deck are mounted on walnut frames and have trousers and waists. Lanterns, rails, fences and other parts made of brass, cast or walnut. About a hundred beautiful metal cannons and carronades"Bronze" polished to give them a natural appearance. The gun ports open and close on their hinges. The set includes calves on the salings, all the top platforms are sheathed.

In general, the spar of the model is made in quite detail, like all Corel models. Stand provided, rigging threads of five diameters, flags. The 14-sheet drawings and instructions include both full-size and scale diagrams. Since 2011, due to changes in technology, the printing on flags has been blurred.

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“The “Victory” bones should be sacred relics...”. William Thackeray

Battleship "Victory" (eng. - HMS Victory)- the flagship ship of the British navy, launched back in 1765, which took part in many famous naval battles and has survived to this day. During the Battle of Trafalgar on board "Victory" was mortally wounded Admiral Nelson. The sailboat now sits in a dry dock in Portsmouth and serves as a maritime museum.

"Victory" was laid down on July 23, 1759 at a shipyard in the city of Chatham, at the height of the seven-year war between England and France for influence in the East Indian and North American colonies. The prototype of the new sailing ship was the only battleship Royal George in the British fleet at that time. The construction of the new ship was headed by the chief inspector of the English admiralty, Thomas Slade. It was he who accidentally discovered in one of the warehouses a supply of logs that had been stored there for over ten years, from which the building was subsequently built "Victory". Thanks to these logs, the hull of the sailboat has survived to this day. New battleship "Victory" was supposed to be the fifth sailing ship with this name in the British fleet. The last one died in a storm in 1743. The new ship was built more than leisurely. The finished hull was launched only on May 7, 1765. And all the work on equipping the new vessel was completed after another 13 years! The reason for all this was endless military conflicts, and at the shipyard all efforts were thrown into repairing ships damaged in battles.

In 1778, the battleship "Victory" was finally commissioned into the British navy as a flagship. The first captain of the ship was John Lindsay. More than sixty thousand pounds sterling was spent on the construction of the sailing ship. Battleship "Victory" became one of the largest ships of that time, its hull was 69 meters long and 15.7 meters wide. The sailing ship carried 100 guns of various calibers: from six to 42 pounds; a simultaneous salvo from all its guns amounted to approximately 500 kilograms of metal. The sailboat had a double skin (external and internal), made of the best types of wood; later, the underwater part of the ship’s hull was sheathed with copper sheets. Main decorations "Victory" steel bow figure depicting King George III, and balconies at the stern of the ship, decorated with carvings. The sailing ship had cabins only for the admiral and the captain; there were no cabins for the sailors; they slept right on one of the decks (there were four in total) in hammocks, which were rolled up during the day and put away in special boxes. Ammunition for numerous guns was stored in the bow magazine, and during the battle bombs were raised to the upper decks by hand. The sides of the ship were black with cannon ports highlighted in yellow. The crew of the sailing ship consisted of almost a thousand people.

Battleship "Victory" conscientiously carried out his service, defending the interests of England in the sea, until 1798. During this time, he took part in such battles as the Battle of St. Vincent in 1797 and the Battle of Ouessant in 1778. But the most famous battle "Victory" was still ahead.

In 1798, they suddenly decided to exclude the battleship from the navy, deciding that the ship had already served enough in 20 years. And the flagship turned first into a hospital, and then into a floating prison. But already in 1799, the British Admiralty changed its decision, and the ship was sent for repairs. The repair of the ship lasted until 1803 and cost more than seventy pounds sterling, more than the entire original construction.

On September 15, 1805, the admiral’s flag was raised over the renovated ship - to command "Victory" became the famous naval commander Horatio Nelson. At this time, the so-called Napoleonic Wars were in full swing. On October 21, 1805, the famous Battle of Trafalgar took place, in which the British fleet defeated the French-Spanish allied forces. Admiral Nelson had 27 ships at his disposal, against 33 enemy ones. The French-Spanish squadron was commanded by Admiral Villeneuve. As a result of this battle, the British opponents lost 18 ships and 7,000 people (2,600 killed and wounded, 4,400 captured), while the British managed to save all their ships, but they also lost 450 people killed and 1,230 wounded. The most important loss of the British was the famous admiral - Horatio Nelson was mortally wounded on board "Victory". During the battle, the sailing ship itself suffered: the mizzen mast was broken by the cannonball, the mainsail and foremasts were knocked out of their steps. And after the battle "Victory" was put back in for repairs.

"Victory" at the Battle of Trafalgar

After major repairs, the sailing ship participated in several more battles in the Baltic Sea, and in 1811 it became a transport ship. In 1812 "Victory" was expelled from the British navy, having served his homeland faithfully for 53 years. And it would seem that the sailboat’s life should have ended there. Most of its brothers are usually sunk after decommissioning, but "Victory" he was lucky, and for a whole hundred years he settled in the port of Gosport, becoming a living monument to the events of 1805 at Cape Trafalgar. Since 1824, it has hosted annual dinners in memory of the battle and Admiral Nelson.

Victory today

By the beginning of the 20th century, the state "Victory" it was so bad that they wanted to scrap it. But the ship was defended again. J. Callender and D. Sturdy put a lot of effort into this. Thanks to them, significant funds were raised for the next renovation. "Victory". The restoration of the ship was completed in 1922, the sailing ship was placed in permanent dry dock in Portsmouth and became a museum. During World War II, the hull of the sailing ship was punctured by a 250-kilogram aerial bomb, as a result of which the ship underwent another repair.

Today "Victory" one of the most visited and beloved museums in England. This is not just a ship, but a monument to naval glory and the national pride of the British. All proceeds from the excursions go towards maintaining the ship, but now the most important enemy of the legendary battleship has become time, which is gradually destroying the famous ship year after year...