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Modern medicine has long made great strides in its development and can easily diagnose various diseases, including diabetes. Thanks to this, identifying it in the initial stages of development does not pose any problem even for inexperienced specialists who have just begun their journey to save people.

However, there is a certain form of the disease that even doctors who have considerable experience behind them cannot always diagnose. And this form of the disease is called diabetes, which will be discussed now.

General information

Even people far from medicine know that diabetes mellitus has 2 main types - first and second. The mechanism of their development is different, just like the treatment. Type 1 diabetes is a disease in which there is partial or complete dysfunction of the pancreas. Most often, it is a congenital disease and is “transmitted” to people by inheritance.

Type 2 diabetes is a disease in which the body's cells and tissues begin to lose their sensitivity to insulin. This happens due to the fact that they already have an excess of nutrients. And this happens in most cases against the background of obesity and poor nutrition.

Treatment for type 1 diabetes involves regular use of insulin injections, while for type 2 diabetes it is enough to simply follow simple dietary rules to prevent sudden surges in blood sugar levels.

Mody diabetes is a completely different form of the disease, the course of which does not generally fall under the standards characteristic of this pathology. In other words, with the development of this form of the disease, an increase in the concentration of sugar in the blood occurs, but no pathological processes or general deterioration in the patient’s well-being are observed.

As an example, we can provide repeated cases when in medical practice there was an increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood in young children for no apparent reason to 8 mmol/l or more, or when a child was diagnosed with T1DM in adolescence and for several He has been on the same dose of insulin for years, without his condition worsening.

Modi diabetes most often begins to manifest itself at an early age, and therefore it is very important from birth to regularly measure blood glucose levels in children

Simply put, in young diabetics the course of the disease is completely asymptomatic and not burdensome, as in older people with T2DM. It is in such situations that we talk about the development of a disease such as diabetes.

And it should be noted that this form of the disease is diagnosed in 5% of people who have been diagnosed with diabetes. And most of them are children. But due to the fact that due to its asymptomatic course, diabetes is very difficult to detect and the statistical data provided by WHO differ significantly from reality. So what is diabetes and why does it develop?

What it is?

The full name of this disease is Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young. Translated from English, it is translated as mature-type diabetes in young people. American scientists first mentioned this disease back in 1975. They presented it as a weakly progressive form of diabetes mellitus in children and young people with a hereditary predisposition to this disease.

The development of pathology occurs as a result of a gene mutation that occurs against the background of disruption of the pancreas. Such disorders can make themselves felt both at birth and during adolescence, when hormonal disruptions occur in the body. However, it is possible to identify the presence of gene mutations and the development of diabetes only by conducting a molecular genetic study.

Thanks to this study, it is possible to determine exactly which gene was mutated in a child during intrauterine development. And since scientists have identified 8 genes, the mutation of which leads to the development of this type of pathology, then, accordingly, the mutation of each gives a completely different clinical picture and requires a different approach to treatment.

How can the disease manifest itself?

It is very difficult to suspect the development of diabetes in children and young people, since it is mild and does not have pronounced symptoms. However, often the occurrence of this pathology can be similar to the symptoms that occur with type 1 diabetes, accompanied by the following signs:

• the onset of the so-called diabetic honeymoon, which is characterized by a long stage of remission (more than 1 year) and the absence of decompensation (deterioration in the functionality of internal organs and systems with a parallel deterioration in general well-being);
• absence of ketones in the blood during the acute phase of the disease;
• identifying the full functioning of the pancreas and normal insulin synthesis, which is checked by taking a blood test (with normal insulin levels, the concentration of C-peptide in the blood also remains within normal limits);
• reducing sugar and maintaining it in normal quantities for a long time is achieved by using minimal doses of insulin;
• When tested, antibodies to beta cells and insulin are not detected;
• there is no association with the HLA system;
• glycated hemoglobin levels remain normal.

A diagnosis of “modidiabetes” can be made without any consequences if a person has a hereditary predisposition to diabetes or his mother was diagnosed with gestational diabetes during pregnancy. The doctor may also suspect the development of this disease after receiving the results of a test that showed that the patient has impaired cell tolerance to glucose in the body.

Often, the doctor prescribes an additional examination in cases where a person whose age does not exceed 25 years has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. However, he does not have any signs of illness and is not obese.

Since diabetes often occurs without a pronounced clinical picture, all parents, without exception, must constantly monitor the condition of their child. A cause for concern is the periodic appearance over several years of symptoms such as:

• the presence of fasting hyperglycemia, when the blood sugar level rises to 8.5 mmol/l, but there are no signs such as frequent urination, weight loss and polydipsia;
• detection of impaired tolerance of body cells to carbohydrates (detected by taking a blood test).

It should be noted that when diabetes occurs, children rarely complain about a deterioration in their general health, since the disease does not have pronounced clinical manifestations. This is the whole difficulty in making a diagnosis. But if you miss the moment and do not start treatment on time, the disease can turn into a decompensated form and it will be almost impossible to overcome it.

Therefore, young children who have a hereditary predisposition to diabetes should have their blood glucose levels measured regularly. And if the indicators begin to change and go beyond the normal range, you should immediately seek help from a doctor, even if there are no other signs of developing diabetes.

Only a doctor can make the correct diagnosis after receiving the results of all the necessary tests.

Types of diabetes

As mentioned above, there are eight genes that can mutate and trigger the development of diabetes. However, this disease is divided into only 6 forms and they all have their own characteristics. Each type of mody diabetes is called: mody-1, mody-2, mody-3, etc.

It is believed that the most benign form of the disease is mody-2. With its development, fasting hyperglycemia occurs extremely rarely, and the development of such a concomitant condition as ketoacytosis is almost never recorded. At the same time, there are also no other signs of the development of diabetes mellitus. As world statistics show, the largest number of people who have been diagnosed with mody-2 diabetes live in France and Spain. Scientists have not yet been able to identify what this is connected with.

Since diabetes is practically asymptomatic, the need for insulin injections is extremely rare.

With the development of this form of the disease, minimal dosages of insulin allow one to achieve a compensatory state. Since the disease does not cause significant discomfort to the patient and does not affect his quality of life, the need to increase the dosage of insulin almost never arises.

Mody-3 is most often diagnosed in residents of European countries, namely Holland and Germany. As a rule, this disease begins to develop in children over 10 years of age and often leads to severe complications.

But mody-1 is the rarest form of pathology and is detected in only 1% of people suffering from diabetes. The disease is very severe and often leads to death. But mody-4 is most common in adolescents aged 15–17 years. There are suggestions that the main impetus for its development is hormonal disorders in the body, but this has not yet been proven by official medicine.

Mody-5 in its clinical picture is similar to the development of mody-2, but unlike this form of the disease, it often leads to the development of a complication such as diabetic nephropathy.

How is the pathology treated?

Due to the fact that pancreatic dysfunction is not observed during the development of diabetes, treatment is generally the same as for T2DM. That is, at the very beginning of the development of the disease, the patient is prescribed a low-carbohydrate diet and moderate physical activity. This allows you to normalize blood sugar levels and prevent the occurrence of hyperglycemia.

In addition, other treatment methods can be used as therapeutic therapy. For example, many patients who have been diagnosed with diabetes can achieve stable compensation through breathing exercises and yoga. They are carried out exclusively under the strict supervision of a specialist.

Moderate physical activity for diabetes allows you to achieve stable compensation

Alternative medicine also produces equally bad results. However, doctors do not recommend using folk remedies as the main therapy, since each person’s body is individual and sometimes they do not give the expected effect, and the progression of the disease continues.

It is for this reason that only a doctor should treat diabetes. Even if the patient chooses alternative medicine as therapy, he must agree with a specialist.

It should be understood that if you miss the moment when stable compensation can be achieved, there will be a need for constant use of sugar-lowering drugs and insulin injections. And this is not only expensive, but also inconvenient.

Last updated: October 7, 2019

Diabetes mellitus is widely divided into types 1 and 2. Type 1 We usually associate it with the onset of the disease at a young age and an autoimmune process that destroys the beta cells of the pancreas, responsible for the production of insulin.

Type 2 begins, as a rule, at a later age and has a close relationship with obesity. There are also other types of diabetes. type MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) and type LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults).

Hormones for diabetes

Common feature of all types of diabetes Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) is caused by defects in the secretion or action of insulin.

Risk factors for diabetes include:

• overweight and obesity;
• low physical activity;
• prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the family;
• isolated cases of deviations in glucose levels on an empty stomach or after meals;
• pregnancy;
• birth of a child weighing more than 4 kg;
• hypertension.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes

Quite often it happens that the reserves of pancreatic cells are depleted quickly and the first sign of the disease is coma. Suddenly, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and aversion to food appear.

Unquenchable thirst and difficulty breathing are added. A very characteristic way of breathing appears - significantly accelerated and deep breaths (like the breathing of a running dog). There is an unpleasant smell of acetone coming from the mouth. Weakness continuously progresses and reaches loss of consciousness and coma. Absence diabetes treatment type 1 can cause death.

Symptoms of type 2 diabetes

The most common type of diabetes is type 2 diabetes. It belongs to 7% of society in our country, but the number of patients is constantly increasing. As a rule, it affects people over 30 years of age. The incidence increases with age up to 70 years and then decreases.

Type 2 diabetes, known as non-insulin dependent diabetes, is expressed by disturbances in both the action and secretion of insulin. The tendency to diabetes of this type can be inherited from parents. But factors that depend on us are of great importance. The most important of these is abdominal obesity, which causes resistance of body tissues to the action of insulin.

Glucose enters cells with difficulty, and its concentration in the blood increases. This stimulates the pancreas to produce even more hormone. After some time, its reserve is depleted, beta cells undergo degradation. The amount of insulin decreases, but resistance to its action remains.

Hyperglycemia occurs and the first symptoms appear. Lack of exercise, often accompanied by obesity, exacerbates this problem by preventing the use of glucose in energy processes.

Diabetes mellitus type LADA

Diabetes mellitus LADA is an abbreviation for “Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults”, which means diabetes of autoimmune origin that develops at a later age (35-45 years).

The destruction of cells occurs gradually and appears only at the age of 35-45 years and even later, and not in childhood. This creates difficulties for diagnosing diabetes, but we must remember that making a correct diagnosis is very important, because LADA requires strict insulin therapy.

Attempted therapy with oral medications is ineffective and can lead to very rapid development of complications, such as damage to the kidneys, vision, and even diabetic coma, which is life-threatening.

Diabetes mellitus LADA may be suspected in a person between 30 and 60 years of age whose diabetes is not accompanied by obesity or hypertension. Also, the lack of prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the patient’s family may raise doubts among the doctor.

To unravel the mystery of the disease, a diabetologist may order tests for the level of antibodies to GAD, because their presence in the blood confirms the diagnosis of LADA. It is also possible to examine C-peptide, the concentration of which in the blood is low in this case.

Diabetes mellitus type MODY

MODY comes from the English expression “Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young”, which can be understood as type 2 diabetes (that is, correct for older people), but starting at an early age (as type 1).

MODY accounts for about 5% of all diabetes cases. The cause of this disease is insulin secretion disorders at the genetic level. It develops approximately between the 15th and 35th years of life, but sometimes even in childhood. May coexist with congenital malformations, for example of hearing, urinary tract or nervous system.

Defects in various genes can lead to the development of MODY, which leads to different patterns of inheritance, for example, autosomal dominant (if one parent is sick, then the risk that his children will be sick is 75%) or mitochondrial (only the mother can pass on defective genes to the offspring) .

The diagnosis of MODY involves the possibility of initial treatment with oral medications, such as sulfonylureas, although insulin therapy may be required over time, as with type 2 diabetes.

Diagnosis of MODY makes it possible to predict the future health of children and delay the start of insulin therapy, which has its side effects. In addition, the fact of the existence of this type of diabetes may prompt a search for congenital defects that accompany it, and attempts to eliminate the consequences, for example, treatment of defects of the genitourinary system in order to prevent kidney failure.

Diabetes mellitus LADA and diabetes MODY develop relatively rarely - together they account for only a few percent of cases of diabetes, but it is not worth remembering their existence in the case of a not entirely clear and atypical course of the disease, because making a correct diagnosis determines appropriate and effective therapy, which, as far as possible, will delay the appearance of complications.

Modi diabetes is not a separate disease, but a whole group of forms of diabetes, similar in course and principle of inheritance.

The unusual name comes from the English abbreviation “MODY”. It literally stands for “diabetes of the young mature type.”

The disease progresses poorly in young people with hereditary “breakdowns” of genes. Its course can be called relatively mild (when compared with other types of diabetes).

The disease debuts at a young age, and proceeds quite mildly, like in adults. These features of the course often lead to incorrect diagnosis, due to the fact that it does not fit into the framework of symptoms known to the endocrinologist.

Difference from other forms of diabetes

With the development of endocrinology and genetics, it was found that the pathology is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The reason is a mutation of genes that are responsible for the correct and precise functioning of the islet apparatus of the pancreas (pancreas).

In America, diabetes mellitus accounts for 1-5% of all forms of diabetes. It causes the same complications as the usual one - damage to the eyes, nerve fibers and kidney failure.

It is difficult to identify mutations; they can occur in different parts of eight genes, so MODY diabetes has 8 subtypes. Subtypes vary in clinical course and in the nuances of patient management.

How to recognize

Diagnostics that will help identify modi-diabetes are quite difficult due to the unusual nature of this disease.

You should be careful if the following signs occur:

• Diabetes manifested, but was not registered.
• For compensation (determined by hba1c, should be less than 8%) small doses are needed.
• Remissions lasting up to a year are possible.
• The level of C-peptide, indicating the secretory activity of β-cells, is within normal limits.
• There are no signs of autoimmune damage, no antibodies to β-cells and insulin.
• There was no correlation with the HLA system.

Another diagnostic clue may be detection in people under 25 years of age

Analyzes

To confirm this form of diabetes, it is rational to check for sugar. A borderline value of 5.5-6.1 mmol/l on an empty stomach will be alarming, especially if it has been recorded more than once.

It is necessary to identify impaired glucose tolerance; after a “sugar load” it is more than 7.8 mmol/l.

Moderate fasting hyperglycemia, up to 8.5 mmol/l, is not accompanied by the classic thirst for this disease, constant hunger and progressive thinness. Read about acceptable levels of glucose in human blood.

Diagnosis of diabetes is complemented by a genetic test, since this is the case with the disease. The test will identify direct relatives who have had or have diabetes mellitus, impaired tolerance or diabetes.

C-peptide indicators play an auxiliary role. If the suspicions are confirmed and diabetes has been detected in the child, then it is advisable to conduct genetic testing for his relatives.

The ENC branch in Moscow, located on the street. Moskvorechye, 1, has trained specialists for whom it is not difficult to make a diagnosis such as diabetes in children, even if other endocrinologists could not do this.

Treatment methods

When the symptoms of the disease have just appeared, it is logical to organize physical activity. This form sometimes responds well to treatment only with physical exercise, the main thing is to draw up the correct plan and follow it. It is possible to use yoga and breathing exercises.

As the disease progresses, treatment may require taking medications to lower blood sugar. And if they are ineffective, MODY diabetes is treated with classical insulin. This often occurs during periods of hormonal changes, such as puberty or pregnancy.

In any case, the course and treatment of diabetes mellitus is individual in each case.

There are actually more types of diabetes than society thinks. In addition to the insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent forms, diabetes MODY, LADA, and the not yet officially confirmed type 3 are also available. This article will talk about the features of MODY.

What is diabetes MODY?

The original name (maturity onset diabetes of the young), which forms an abbreviation, is translated from English as mature-type diabetes in the young. This form of pathology is characterized by a mild course, as with, but without a decrease in tissue sensitivity to insulin, as with the first.

This variety appeared in 75 of the last century as a determinant of low-progressive familial diabetes in young patients. Since then, this term has come to mean a whole group of diseases with a genetic predisposition in which the function of pancreatic B cells, which secrete the necessary hormone, is disrupted.

Symptoms and diagnosis of MODY diabetes

Due to its unusual nature, this pathology is quite difficult to diagnose, and doctors do not always succeed immediately. However, there are several signs that simplify this process for the endocrinologist. The first of these is the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in young people under 25 years of age.

Other peculiar harbingers:

• Diabetes becomes obvious, but there is no ketoacidosis;
• Long-term remissions are observed;
• The deficiency is compensated by very small dosages of insulin;
• The secretory activity of BETA cells is normal;
• Antibodies to insulin and B cells are absent.

Of course, you can’t do without a blood test to determine sugar. The key point here is the fasting borderline value, recorded several times in a row - 5.5-6.1 mmol/l. A repeated analysis, which is carried out after the load, gives a result of more than 7.8 mmol/l.

Six MODY types

MODY diabetes is a group of diseases, as was written at the beginning of the article, so it is not surprising that it, in turn, is also divided into types.

MODY-1 progresses rapidly and is a severe form, but it is inherited extremely rarely - all cases account for no more than 1% of the total.

The second type is characterized by a moderate increase in blood sugar levels and a mild course. It does not lead to ketoacidosis and practically does not develop further.

But MODY-3 is diagnosed most often and usually in children over ten years of age. This form is rapidly progressive and difficult to progress. Initially, compensation for the deficiency of the hormone is compensated for by sulfonylurea drugs and adherence to a nutrition plan.

The appearance of the fourth type of MODY occurs after the age of 17 years. But the 5th – up to 10 years. It has a mild course with excellent compensation, but complications such as kidney damage are often possible. MODY-6 is extremely rare in medical practice.

How is mature-onset diabetes treated in adolescents?

Diabetes mellitus MODY is very similar to the non-insulin-dependent type of the disease, and therefore treatment is carried out accordingly.

Parents who suspect that their children have this particular form of the disease should insist on a full diagnosis of the child, because often doctors, roughly speaking, spit on what is more like an insulin-dependent type of pathology, and, based only on the patient’s age, prescribe him insulin therapy , which is fundamentally wrong.

Endocrinologists, who meticulously study all the indicators of small patients, and come to the conclusion that this is after all MODY, give parents a complete therapeutic plan. It necessarily includes a strict diet and moderate ones.

Surely some people know that therapy for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus begins with diet, and there are often cases when it helps to cope with the disease, namely, to get rid of it.

So here too - proper, reasonable nutrition can become a healing factor. By the way, it’s not worth experimenting and doing therapy on your own. Moreover, we are talking about the child’s health, and diabetes MODI is not as simple as it might seem at first glance.

Additional therapeutic methods such as breathing exercises and have proven themselves well. Some try different recipes, turning to traditional medicine. But again - no self-medication. Everything is done only after agreement with the attending physician.

In addition to this, you can ask your doctor about sugar-lowering foods. To be more precise, these are only those products that have low. These are what the child’s menu should consist of.

An endocrinologist without much practice and experience will be able to diagnose diabetes mellitus and determine its type, taking into account the level of modern medicine. The exception is a form of the disease called diabetes.

Even those who are not professional physicians and do not deal with diseases of the endocrine system on a daily basis know that there are two types of diabetes mellitus:

• Insulin dependent – ​​type 1 diabetes;
• Non-insulin dependent – ​​type 2 diabetes.

Features by which the disease of the first type is recognized: its onset occurs in adolescence or young adulthood, while insulin must be administered immediately and now throughout the rest of life.

The patient cannot do without it, like without air and water. And all because the pancreatic cells responsible for the production of this hormone gradually lose their functions and die. Unfortunately, scientists have not yet found a way to regenerate them.

Type 2 diabetes occurs more often in older people. It is quite possible to live with it for many more years without insulin injections. But subject to a strict diet and regular physical activity. Antihyperglycemic drugs are prescribed as a supportive measure, but they are not always needed.

The disease can be compensated. How successful it is depends only on the desire and willpower of the patient himself, on the general state of his health at the time the diagnosis was made, age and lifestyle.

The doctor only makes prescriptions, but he cannot control how well they will be followed, since the treatment is carried out independently at home.

The development of such a form of the disease as mody diabetes proceeds somewhat differently. What it is, how to recognize it, what its features and threat are - below.

Unusual symptoms and features

Mody diabetes is a completely special form of pathology. Its symptoms and course do not fall under the standards characteristic of type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

For example: mody diabetes means if in a small child, for no apparent reason, the concentration of glucose in the blood increases to 8.0 mmol/l, the phenomenon is observed repeatedly, but nothing else happens? That is, no other signs of diabetes are noted.

How can we explain the fact that in some children the initial stage of type 1 diabetes mellitus can last up to several years? Or the phenomenon where teenagers diagnosed with type 1 diabetes do not need to increase their insulin dose for many years, even if they do not particularly monitor their blood sugar levels?

In other words, insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes in young patients and children is often completely asymptomatic and easy, almost like type 2 diabetes in older patients. It is in these cases that one can suspect a type of disease called modi.

From 5 to 7 percent of all cases of diabetes are so-called mody diabetes. But these are only official statistics.

Experts say this form of diabetes is actually much more common. But it remains undocumented due to the complexity of diagnosis. What is mody diabetes?

What is this type of disease?

Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young - this is what the English abbreviation stands for. What does mature-type diabetes mean in young people? This term was first introduced in 1975 by American scientists to define an atypical, weakly progressive form of diabetes mellitus in young patients with a hereditary predisposition.

The disease develops against the background of a gene mutation, resulting in dysfunction of the islet apparatus of the pancreas. Changes at the gene level most often occur in adolescence, youth and even childhood. But diagnosing the disease, or more precisely, its type, is possible only by molecular genetic research.

In order to make a diagnosis of mody diabetes, a mutation in certain genes must be confirmed. To date, 8 genes have been identified that can mutate, which causes the development of this type of disease in different forms. They all differ in symptoms and clinical picture, and therefore require different treatment tactics.

In what cases can this type of disease be suspected?

So, what exactly are the symptoms and indicators that indicate that this rare and difficult to diagnose type of diabetes is occurring? The clinical picture may be very similar to the development and course of type 1 diabetes. But at the same time, the following signs are also noted:

1. Very long (at least a year) remission of the disease, with no periods of decompensation observed at all. In medicine, this phenomenon is also called the “honeymoon”.
2. There is no ketoacidosis during manifestation.
3. The cells that produce insulin retain their functions, as evidenced by normal levels of C-peptide in the blood.
4. With minimal insulin administration, very good compensation is observed.
5. Glycated hemoglobin levels do not exceed 8%.
6. There is no association with the HLA system.
7. Antibodies to beta cells and insulin are not detected.

Important: the diagnosis can be made without a doubt only if the patient has close relatives who are also diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, borderline “hunger” hyperglycemia, gestational (during pregnancy) diabetes, or impaired cellular tolerance to glucose.

There is reason to suspect mody diabetes in cases where the diagnosis was confirmed at the age of under 25 years, and without symptoms of obesity.

Parents should be especially careful if their children have had the following symptoms for two years or more:

• Fasting hyperglycemia (no more than 8.5 mmol/l), but without other characteristic accompanying phenomena - weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria;
• Impaired tolerance to carbohydrates.

Patients, as a rule, in such cases do not have any special complaints. The problem is that if you miss the moment, a variety of complications can develop and diabetes mellitus will become decompensated. Then it will be difficult to control the course of the disease.

Therefore, it is necessary to regularly conduct research and, at the slightest change in the clinical picture and the appearance of new symptoms, begin therapy to lower blood sugar levels.

Information: it has been noted that this unusual type of diabetes mellitus occurs more often in women than in men. It usually occurs in a more severe form. There are no scientifically proven explanations for this phenomenon yet.

Types of Modi-diabetes

Depending on which genes are mutated, there are 6 different forms of the disease. They all proceed differently. They are called Mody-1, Mody-2, etc. respectively. Modi-2 diabetes is considered the most benign form.

Fasting hyperglycemia in this case is rarely higher than 8.0%; progression, as well as the development of ketoacidosis, is not recorded. Other characteristic manifestations of diabetes mellitus are not observed. It has been established that this form is most common among the population of France and Spain.

The compensatory state in patients is maintained with a tiny dose of insulin, which almost never needs to be increased.

In the northern countries of Europe - England, Holland, Germany - Mobi-3 is more common. This variant of the course of the disease is considered the most common. It develops at a later age, usually after 10 years, but at the same time rapidly, often with severe complications.

A pathology such as Modi-1 is extremely rare. Of all cases of diabetes, this form of Modi-1 accounts for only 1%. The course of the disease is severe. The Modi-4 variant of the disease develops in young people after the age of 17 years. Modi-5 resembles the second option in its mild course and lack of progression. But it is often complicated by a disease such as diabetic nephropathy.

Treatment methods

Since this form of pancreatic pathology is not characterized by active progression, the treatment tactics chosen are the same as for type 2 diabetes mellitus. At the initial stage, the following measures are enough to control the patient’s condition:

• Balanced strict diet;
• Sufficient physical activity.

At the same time, it has been confirmed in practice that it is correctly selected and regularly performed physical exercises that give excellent results and contribute to quick, good compensation.

The following approaches and techniques are also used:

1. Breathing exercises, yoga.
2. Eating foods that help reduce sugar.
3. Traditional medicine recipes.

Whatever method is chosen, it should always be agreed with the attending physician. When diet and folk recipes are not enough, they switch to