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Reading the Qur'an strengthens our iman, purifies the heart and helps us to approach our Creator through His words. Below are 100 interesting facts about the Quran that you might not know.

1. What does the word "Quran" mean?

2. Where was the Qur'an first revealed?

In the Cave of Hira (Mecca).

3. On what night was the first revelation of the Qur'an sent down?

In Laylatul Qadr (Night of Predestination. in the month of Ramadan.

4. Who sent down the Qur'an?

5. Through whom was the revelation of the Qur'an revealed?

Through the Angel Jabrail.

6. To whom was the Quran sent down?

The last Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

7. Who took responsibility for the preservation of the Qur'an?

8. Under what conditions can one touch the Qur'an?

The person who touches the Qur'an must be in a state of ritual ablution.

9. What is the most read book?

10. What is the main theme of the Quran?

11. What are the other names of the Quran according to the Quran itself?

Al-Furqan, Al-Kitab, Al-Zikr, Al-Nur, Al-Huda.

12. How many surahs of the Qur'an were revealed in Mecca?

13. How many surahs of the Qur'an were sent down in Medina?

14. How many manzils are there in the Quran?

15. How many juz are there in the Quran?

16. How many suras are there in the Quran?

17. How many parts are there in the Qur'an?

18. How many verses are there in the Quran?

19. How many times does the word "Allah" appear in the Qur'an?

20. What scripture is the only religious text where the language of its revelation, including dialects, is still used today?

21. Who is the first hafiz of the Qur'an?

Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

22. How many Khuffaz (Hafiz.) were there at the time of the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him)?

23. How many verses after reading which should one perform sajda?

24. In which sura and verse was the first mention of sajda?

Sura 7 verse 206.

25. How many times does the Qur'an mention prayer?

26. How many times does the Quran mention almsgiving and saadaq?

27. How many times in the Quran does the Almighty refer to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as YaAyuKhanNabi?

28. In which verse of the Qur'an is the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) named as Ahmad?

Sura 61 verse 6.

29. How many times is the name Rasulullah mentioned in the Qur'an?

Muhammad (peace be upon him) - 4 times. Ahmad (peace be upon him) - 1 time.

30. The name of which prophet (peace be upon him.) is mentioned in the Koran the most?

The name of the prophet Musa (peace be upon him) - 136 times.

31. Who was the Katibiwahi (recording the divine revelation) of the Qur'an?

Abu Bakr, Usman, Ali, Zayed bin Harith, Abdullah bin Masud.

32. Who was the first to count the verses of the Koran?

33. On whose advice did Abu Bakr decide to put the Qur'an together?

Umar Farooq.

34. By whose order was the Qur'an put into writing?

Abu Bakr.

35. Who adhered to the recitation of the Quran in the style of the Quraysh?

36. How many copies compiled by Uthman have survived in the present?

Only 2 copies, one of which is kept in Tashkent, the other in Istanbul.

37. What sura of the Koran did the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) utter during prayer, upon hearing which Hazrat Jabir bin Musim converted to Islam?

52 Surah of the Qur'an At-Tur.

38. After the recitation of which sura by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), one of his enemies Utba fell on his face?

The first five verses of Surah 41 Fussylat.

39. According to the Qur'an, which is the first and oldest mosque?

40. What two groups does the Koran divide humanity into.

Believers and non-believers.

41. About whom in the Qur'an did Allah Almighty say that his body will remain a warning example for future generations?

About Pharaoh (10:9192).

42. Besides the body of the pharaoh, what will be left for future generations as a warning example?

Ark of Nuh.

43. Where did Nuh's ark end up after it crashed?

To Mount al-Judi (11:44).

44. The name of which companion of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is mentioned in the Qur'an?

Zayed bin Harisa (33:37).

45. The name of which relative of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is mentioned in the Qur'an?

His uncle Abu Lahab (111:1).

46. ​​The name of which Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) is mentioned by the name of the mother?

Prophet Isa: Isa bin Maryam.

47. What truce was called Fathhum Mubin and took place without a fight?

Hudaybiya agreement.

48. What names are used in the Qur'an to refer to Satan?

Iblis and Ash-shaitan.

49. Which creatures does the Qur'an refer to as Iblis?

To the genies.

50. What types of worship were prescribed by Allah for the people of Bani Israel, which were continued by the Muslim mind?

Namaz and Zakat (2:43).

51. The Qur'an repeatedly speaks of a certain Day. What is this day?

Judgment Day.

52. Who were those people with whom Allah Almighty was pleased, and they are pleased with him, as it is said in the Qur'an?

Companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) (9:100).

53. What surah is called the "Heart of the Qur'an"?

Suru Yasin (36)

54. In what year did vowels appear in the Qur'an?

43 Hijri.

55. Who were the first people who studied the Koran?

Askhabu Suffa.

56. What is the name of the university where the faculty of the Koran was first opened?

Mosque of the Prophet (peace be upon him).

57. How are those who were chosen by the Almighty to carry His message to mankind mentioned in the Qur'an?

Nabi (Prophet) and Rasul (Messenger).

58. What should a person be like from the point of view of the Qur'an?

Mu'min ("Believer"). If "iman" and "Islam" have the same meaning, namely, if "Islam" is understood as the acceptance by the heart of all the precepts of Islam, then every mu'min (believer) is a Muslim (submissive, surrendered to Allah), and every Muslim - there is a mumin.

59. What is the measure of human dignity according to the Qur'an?

Taqwa (God-fearing).

60. What is the biggest sin according to the Quran?

61. Where in the Qur'an is water called the place where life originated?

Surah Al-Anbiya, verse 30 (21:30)

62. Which sura of the Qur'an is the longest?

Sura al-Baqarah (2).

63. Which surah of the Qur'an is the shortest?

Al-Kawthar (108).

64. How old was Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) when the first revelation was sent down to him?

65. How long did the Prophet (peace be upon him) receive revelations in Mecca?

66. How many years were the suras of the Koran sent down to the Prophet (peace be upon him) in Medina?

67. Where was the first surah of the Qur'an sent down?

68. Where was the last surah of the Qur'an sent down?

In Medina.

69. How many years did the revelation of the Qur'an take?

70. What sura is read in each rak'ah of prayer?

Al Fatiha.

71. What sura is defined by the Almighty as a dua?

Al Fatiha.

72. Why is Surah Al-Fatiha at the beginning of the Qur'an?

This is the key of the Holy Quran.

73. Which surah of the Holy Qur'an was revealed in full and became the first in the Qur'an?

Surah Al-Fatiha.

74. Which woman's name is mentioned in the Qur'an?

Maryam (r.a.).

75. Which sura of the Qur'an contains the maximum number of instructions?

Sura al-Baqarah (2).

76. Where and when did Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and Jabrail (peace be upon him) meet for the second time?

Friday, Ramadan 18 in a cave on Mount Hira.

77. What was the period between the first and second revelation?

2 years and 6 months.

78. What surah does not begin with Bismillah?

Sura at-Tauba (9)

79. In which sura of the Qur'an is the Bismillah repeated twice?

Sura an-Naml (verses 1 and 30).

80. How many surahs of the Qur'an are named after prophets?

Sura Yunus (10);
Sura Hud (11);
Sura Yusuf (12);
Sura Ibrahim (14);
Sura Nuh (71);
Surah Muhammad (47).

81. In which part of the Qur'an is the ayat al-Kursi?

Sura al-Baqarah (2:255).

82. How many names of the Almighty are mentioned in the Qur'an?

83. What names of people who were not prophets are mentioned in the Qur'an?

Luqman, Aziz and Zulkarnain.

84. How many Companions participated in the creation of a single mushaf of the Koran during the reign of Abu Bakr (r.a.)?

75 Companions.

85. What book is memorized by millions of people around the world?

Holy Koran.

86. What did the jinn who heard the verses of the Qur'an say to each other?

We heard a unique speech that shows the true path, and we believed in it.

87. What is the most popular translation of the Koran in Russian?

Translated by Osmanov, Sablukov, Krachkovsky.

88. How many languages ​​has the Koran been translated into?

More than 100 languages.

89. How many prophets are mentioned by name in the Qur'an?

90. What will be our position on the Day of Judgment according to the Qur'an?

Each of us will be in a state of anxiety and restlessness.

91. Which prophet mentioned in the Qur'an was a prophet in the fourth generation?

Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him).

92. What book canceled all the old rules and regulations?

93. What does the Quran say about wealth and wealth?

They are a test of faith (2:155).

94. Who, according to the Qur'an, is "haatamun nabiyin" (the last prophet)?

Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

95. What book tells about the creation of the world and the end of the world?

96. What is another name for the city of Mecca in the Qur'an?

Bakka and Baladul Amin.

97. What is the name of the city of Medina in the Koran?

98. According to the Qur'an, whose people are named as "Bani Israel"?

The people of the Prophet Yakub (peace be upon him), also known as Israel.

99. Which mosques are mentioned in the Koran.

There are 5 mosques mentioned in the Quran:

a. Masjid al-Haram
b. Masjid ul Zirar
in. Masjid ul-Nabawi
Masjid ul-Aqsa
e. Masjid Cuba

100. Names of which angels are mentioned in the Qur'an:

The Quran mentions the names of 5 angels:

a. Jabrail (2:98)
b. Mikail (2:98)
in. Harut (2:102)
Marut (2:102)
d. Malik (43:77)

Sayda Hayat

Allah Almighty said: We have sent down to you the Scripture with the truth in confirmation of the former Scriptures, and in order for it to protect them (or bear witness to them; or rise above them)." (Sura al-Maida 5:48). “The Scripture which We revealed to you by revelation is the truth that confirms what was before it. Indeed, Allah is Aware of His servants and sees them.” (Sura Fatir 35:31).

Abdurrahman As-Saadi interprets this verse as follows: “This Scripture confirms what was sent down before him. It tells of the Scriptures and Messengers that preceded it, and bears witness to their truthfulness. The previous Scriptures announced to people about the revelation of the Holy Quran, and the Holy Quran confirms the truth of everything that was revealed in the previous Scriptures. (Quran: Interpretation of Abdurrahman As-Saadi). In total, 104 scriptures were sent down to various messengers, of which 100 were in the form of scrolls and only 4 were in the form of books. Each subsequent scripture confirmed the truth of the previous ones and contained additional information, for which the people were ready to assimilate, to which the specific message was sent down. Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) was sent 10 scrolls, Shisu (peace be upon him) (biblical Seth) - 50, Idris (peace be upon him) (Enoch) - 30, Ibrahim (peace be upon him) (Abraham) - 10, Musa (peace be upon him) (Moses) the Book was sent down - Tavrat (Torah), "Isa (peace be upon him) (Jesus) - Injil (Gospel), Davud (peace be upon him) (David) - Zabur (Psalter) and, finally, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him Allah and welcome) - The Holy Quran. "Allah Almighty sent Tawrat to Musa. It contained a thousand suras, and each sura contained a thousand ayats. He prayed Musa: "God! Who can read and memorize this Book? Almighty Allah answered him: "I will send down an even more voluminous Book." And to the question: - To whom will it be sent down? Allah Almighty replied: "To the last prophet Muhammad." Musa: - When will they have time to read it, with such a short life? Allah Almighty: “I will make it easy for them so that even children can read it.” Musa asked: - How will it look like? Almighty Allah: “Besides her, I sent down to the earth one hundred and three Books: Shita - fifty; Idris - thirty; Ibrahim - twenty; sent down to you "Taurat"; Davud - I will send "Zabur"; Ise - "Injil". In these books I will give an explanation about the entire universe. I will collect all this in one hundred and fourteen suras. I will make these suras in seven esba. I will collect the meanings of these esba in seven verses of Surah Fatiha. And I will collect the meanings of these verses in seven (Arabic) letters. These letters are: - “Bi-smi-l-Lah”. And then (these meanings) I will collect in the combination “Alif Laam Mim” in the letter “Alif”. (From the book "Al-Mev'izat-ul-Hasan" by Sayyid Abd-ul-Ahad an-Nuri).

Consider the messages mentioned in the Qur'an.

1. Taurat (Torah) Allah sent down to Prophet Musa (peace be upon him). The Almighty said: “Having destroyed the first generations, We gave Musa (Moses) the Scripture as a visual instruction for people, a faithful guide and mercy, so that they could remember the edification.” (Sura al-Kasas, verse 43). Allah sent him down written on the tablets, this is stated in the Qur'an: “We wrote for him on the tablets an edification about every thing and an explanation of all things: “Hold them tightly and lead your people to follow the best of this. I will show you the Abode of the Wicked" .(Sura al-Araf ayat 145). As-Saadi explains the verse as follows: “From these words it follows that the commands of Allah in all religious legislation were perfect, just and beautiful. Then Allah announced that he would show the faithful the dwellings of sinners. They were destroyed, and their dwellings became an edification for future generations, but only the faithful, who have firm conviction and humble themselves before their Lord, think about them. The hadeeth tells about this: “It is reported that Abu Hurairah said that the Messenger of Allah said:“ Adam and Musa argued. Musa said: “Adam, Allah created you with His Hand, breathed into you from His spirit, ordered the angels to bow before you and settled you in paradise, and you committed a sin and brought people out of there, making them miserable.” Adam replied: “O Musa, Allah has chosen you, honored you with His message and conversation with you, and sent down Tawrat to you. Do you reproach me for the deed that Allah predestined for me before He created me?!” So Adam defeated Musa with his arguments. (al-Bukhari, Muslim, Ahmad, Abu Dawood, at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Maja. See Al-Albani, "Sahih al-Jami as-Saghir").

The Quranic verses tell about what Allah sent down to the sons of Israel (peace be upon him ): « We have sent down the Taurat (Torah), which contains guidance and light. The subdued prophets passed judgments on it for those professing Judaism. The rabbis and high priests acted in the same way in accordance with what they were instructed to preserve from the Book of Allah. They testified about him. Do not be afraid of people, but be afraid of Me, and do not sell My signs for an insignificant price. Those who do not make decisions in accordance with what Allah has sent down are disbelievers. We prescribed for them in it: a soul for a soul, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and retribution for wounds. But if someone sacrifices this, then this will become an atonement for him. Those who do not make decisions in accordance with what Allah has sent down are the wrongdoers.” . (Sura al-Maida, verses 44-45). The Jewish scholars did not save the holy scripture and began to forbid some of what Allah allowed and allow some of what was forbidden by Allah. The Quran says about this: “Who sent down as a light and a sure guide for people the Scripture with which Musa (Moses) came, and which you turned into separate sheets, showing some of them and hiding many others? But you were taught something that neither you nor your fathers knew.” (Sura al-Anam, verse 91), “Do you really hope that they will believe you if some of them heard the Word of Allah and deliberately distorted it after they understood its meaning?” (Sura Bakara, verse 75). Ibn Zeid said: “This is the Taurat that was sent down to them. They distorted it and made what is permitted in it forbidden, and what is forbidden in it is permitted. They turned the truth into a lie, and the lie into the truth." Kitab Usul al-Iman, p. 140.

2. Injil (Gospel) Allah sent down to the prophet Isa (Jesus) son of Maryam (peace be upon him). The Quran says: “Following them We sent Isa (Jesus), the son of Maryam (Mary), with confirmation of the truth of what was previously sent down in Taurat (Torah). We bestowed upon him the Injil (Gospel) in which was the right guidance and light, which confirmed what had previously been sent down in the Taurat (Torah). He was a faithful guide and edification for the God-fearing." (Sura “al-Maida”, verse 46) As-Saadi explains this verse as follows: “Following the prophets and messengers who made decisions on the basis of the Torah, Allah sent His servant and messenger Isa, a spirit from Allah and His word, which was abandoned by Maryam. He sent him to confirm the truth of the Torah, which had been sent down before, and to testify to the truthfulness of Musa and the Scripture he brought. He continued the work of his predecessor and judged the Jews according to the law, which for the most part coincided with the previous law. He facilitated only some of his provisions, and therefore Almighty Allah said through his lips: “I have come to confirm the truth of what was in the Taurat (Torah) before me, and to allow you some of what was forbidden to you” (3:50). Allah gave Isa the Great Scripture, which supplemented the Torah. It was the gospel that pointed people to the straight path and enabled them to discern truth from falsehood. It confirmed the truth of everything that had previously been revealed in the Torah, since it testified to it and did not contradict it. But only the God-fearing servants accepted it as a true guide and exhortation, since only they benefit from the instructions, heed the exhortations and refrain from inappropriate deeds.

However, unbelieving priests distorted the meaning and content of Injil and instead of one scripture sent down from beyond the seven heavens, they came up with many gospels attributed to various authors. Allah said in the Quran: “We also took a covenant from those who said, “We are Christians.” They forgot a portion of what they were reminded of, and then We stirred up enmity and hatred among them until the Day of Resurrection. Allah will inform them of what they did. O people of the Scripture! Our messenger has come to you, who makes clear to you much of what you hide from the Scriptures, and abstains from much.” (Sura al-Maida, verses 14-15.) Ibn Kathir explained this verse as follows: “The Almighty said that He sent his messenger Muhammad, , to all the inhabitants of the earth: Arabs and non-Arabs, illiterates and people of the book. He sent him with clear signs and discernment between truth and falsehood. He made clear to the people of the Book all that they had changed, distorted and misinterpreted, and how they had slandered Allah. And he kept silent about much of what they distorted, because there was no point in explaining it. (Ibn Kathir, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azeem, vol. 2, p. 48)

Both messages said that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would come. The Quran says: “I strike with My punishment whomever I please, and My mercy embraces every thing. I will prescribe it for those who are God-fearing, pay zakat and believe in Our signs, who will follow the messenger, an illiterate (not able to read and write) prophet, a record of which they will find in the Tawrat (Torah) and Injil (Gospel). He will command them to do what is right and forbid them to do what is reprehensible, he will declare good things to be lawful and bad things forbidden, and he will free them from burdens and fetters. Those who believe in him, will honor him, support him and follow the light sent down with him, will certainly succeed. (Sura "al-Araf", verses 156-157 ). “Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. Those who are with him are hard on the disbelievers and merciful among themselves. You see how they bow and fall on their faces, seeking mercy from Allah and contentment. Their sign is the traces of prostration on their faces. This is how they are represented in the Taurat (Torah). In the Injil (Gospel), they are represented by a crop on which a sprout has grown. He strengthened it, and it became fat and straightened on its stalk, delighting the sowers. Allah brought this parable in order to infuriate the disbelievers with it. Allah promised those of them who believed and did righteous deeds forgiveness and a great reward.” (Sura "al-Fath", ayat 29) The Qur'an also cites the words of the prophet Isa, the son of Maryam : "O sons of Israel (Israel)! I have been sent to you by Allah to confirm the veracity of what was in the Taurat (Torah) before me, and to announce the good news about the messenger who will come after me, whose name will be Ahmad (Muhammad) ” (Sura as-Saff, verse 6).

3. Prophet Davud (peace be upon him) was sent Zabur (Psalter). The Quran says : “Davud (David) We gave the Zabur (Psalter)” . (Sura An-Nisa, verse 163). “Your Lord knows better those who are in heaven and on earth. Some prophets We have preferred over others. And to Davud (David) We gave the Zabur (Psalter) " (Sura al-Isra, verse 55). This verse As-Saadi explains as follows: “Allah is well aware of all forms of life and all kinds of creations. To each of His servants, Allah grants everything necessary in full accordance with His divine wisdom. He gives preference to some creatures over others, endowing them with additional physical abilities or spiritual features. In the same way, Allah favored some prophets over others. And although each of the prophets received revelations, some of them were awarded special favor and endowed with special qualities. They were manifested in meritorious qualities, pious morality, righteous deeds, a large number of followers, or the sending down to some of the prophets of the Heavenly Scriptures, explaining religious commandments and pious views. One of these Scriptures was the Psalter sent down to the prophet Davud. The book "Kitab Usul al-Iman" says: "Zabur consisted of prayers that Allah taught Dawood, from words of praise and glorification of the Great and Mighty Allah, and that he did not point to what was permitted and forbidden, to mandatory prescriptions and restrictions." (“Kitab Usul al-Iman”, p. 135)

4. Scrolls of Ibrahim (peace be upon him) are mentioned in the Holy Quran. Allah said: “Did they not tell him what was in the scrolls of Musa (Moses) and Ibrahim (Abraham), who fulfilled the commands of Allah in full? Not a single soul will bear another's burden. A person will receive only what he aspired to. His aspirations will be seen, and then he will be rewarded in full. (Sura an-Najm, verses 36-41). From the book of As-Saadi: “Was this wicked man not told about what is contained in the scrolls of Musa and Ibrahim, who went through all the trials of Allah and strictly adhered to all the main and secondary prescriptions of religion. And these scrolls contain many commandments and prescriptions. Each person will taste only the fruits of his good and evil deeds. No one will receive someone else's reward, and no one will be held responsible for someone else's sins. Based on these verses, some theologians have argued that no person can benefit from the good deeds performed by others. However, this justification is not convincing enough, since there is no direct indication in the words of the Almighty that the reward will not reach a person if it is presented to him by others. The same can be said about human wealth. He can only dispose of what belongs to him, but this does not mean that he cannot dispose of the property granted to him.

“Successful is the one who cleansed himself, remembered the name of his Lord and performed prayer. But no! You prefer the worldly life, although the Last Life is better and longer. Indeed, this is written in the first scrolls - the scrolls of Ibrahim (Abraham) and Musa (Moses) " . (Sura Al-Ala, verses 14-19).

5. And finally, the last message of the Almighty is the Koran. “Verily, this is a mighty Scripture. Lies will not get to him either from the front or from behind. It was sent down from the Wise, the Praiseworthy" . (Sura "Fussilat", verses 41-42)

The oldest and most complete list of the Koran is kept in Russia. Its researcher Efim Rezvan, having completed his painstaking collection of the manuscript literally from a sheet, shared with the special correspondent of "Gazeta" Nadezhda Kevorkova his reflections on the importance of this monument of world significance.

- The list of the Quran that you are holding in your hands - why is it called the Quran of Osman?

- From the point of view of Muslims, this is the very first list of the Koran, from which all subsequent copies were made. Muslims believe that this is the Quran written during the time of the third righteous caliph Osman. According to legend, it was over this list that he was killed by conspirators, and his blood was shed on these pages. There are dark spots with traces of blood on the pages of the manuscript.

- What time does this manuscript date from science?

- We did a radiocarbon analysis of the manuscript in Holland. Unfortunately, even the most modern techniques give an error of 100-200 years. We can say that this manuscript is not younger than the 2nd century AH, that is, it belongs to the 8th-9th centuries. I did not do a blood test, so as not to invade the sacred area for Muslims.

At the turn of the 1970s and 1980s, Western Quran studies established the opinion that the first list appeared only in the 3rd century AH, that is, in the 10th century. According to Muslim tradition, the Prophet Muhammad dictated texts shortly before his death, collecting a book. Analysis of the manuscript confirmed the correctness of the Muslim tradition. So it is worth listening carefully to the Muslim point of view on the history of the composition of the text of the Koran.

- Is there any difference in this text from later lists?

- Minimum. The text of Osman's Quran does not go beyond the generally accepted in the Islamic world.

- How did Muslims manage to avoid discrepancies?

- The Islamic community, through the mouths of its leading scientists, did a lot of work to streamline the lists of the Koran, to withdraw unacceptable lists from circulation.

In Syria, recently during the restoration of the cathedral mosque under its roof, fragments of the Koran were discovered, which contain texts that somewhat go beyond the accepted canon.

The texts of the Koran could not be destroyed. They were either buried as a person is buried - wrapped in a shroud, buried in the ground with a certain ritual, or kept in special rooms in mosques.

In Islam, there is ijma - the consensus opinion of authoritative scientists of this era. It is not fixed in writing, however, it was this ijma that authorized the text of the Koran that we have today.

- Can you guess where it was written?

- Paleographic analysis gives a clear idea that it was created in Arabia or Northern Syria.

- What is the history of the discovery of the manuscript?

- In 1937, a part of this manuscript was acquired by Academician Krachkovsky, and it is stored in the St. Petersburg Academic Collection.

I began to study it, then surprisingly it turned out that another part of this manuscript is kept in a mazar in a small village in the south of Uzbekistan, not far from the Afghan border.

With the help of friends living in Uzbekistan, France, Germany, I managed to establish the history of this list and prepare it for publication.

The book was published in Russian and English, became the book of the year in Russia, received a UNESCO diploma. Now the book has been invited to the Iranian Qur'anic exhibition in Tehran.

- Did you try to buy Osman's Koran from Russia?

- It's impossible. At the end of the 19th century, a Russian diplomat of Arab origin bought the part that is now kept in St. Petersburg. The other part, consisting of 63 sheets, was kept in Uzbekistan in this village until 1983.

In 1983, a large anti-religious campaign began in the USSR, and the manuscript was confiscated by the KGB. After perestroika in 1992, instead of 63 sheets, only 13 sheets were returned to the community. Some people have 50 sheets in their hands. However, three sheets were recently confiscated by Uzbek customs. I still managed to include them in the book. I found 2 leaflets in the Samarkand library. One leaf - in Tashkent.

- Legally, who now owns the Koran of Osman?

- To various organizations - the Academy of Sciences, the Katta-Langara community, the Samarkand City Library, the Bukhara Regional Library, the Institute of Oriental Studies in Tashkent. The confiscated sheets from the customs were handed over to the Department of Muslim Affairs of Uzbekistan.

What does the word Koran mean?

- Reading, recitation. The list of the Qur'an is called "mushaf". If you say "Mushaf" in an Islamic country, they will bring you the Koran.

- How many manuscripts of the Koran of such antiquity are there in the world?

- This is the most complete and most ancient. There are no more than 5-7 lists of the same size. I mean lists containing about half of the sheets. There are many fragments of 5, 7, 15 sheets.

What material is it written on?

- On parchment. This is sheepskin, specially processed. The parchment is very large, since one sheet was the skin of one sheep.

- What is the design of the text in Osman's list - is the text already divided into chapters?

The Quran is the direct speech of God. The people who wrote it down believed that words created by people should not be added to the text of the holy book. Therefore, the names of suras, that is, chapters, and the number of verses (verses) are not indicated there. Empty spaces are left between the suras. Approximately 50-70 years later, an ornament was introduced into these empty places, the names of the suras and the number of verses were written. At the same time, grammar corrections were made in red ink, since the Arabic written grammar was just taking shape. The development of Arabic script is inextricably linked with the history of fixing the text of the Koran.

- Which translation of the Koran into Russian seems to you the most accurate?

- Academic translation of Krachkovsky of the 50s of the XX century. All the best translations of the Koran into European languages ​​were created in the same years and made by scientists. All these translations are accused of being difficult to read. But they are not because scientists knew modern languages ​​poorly, but because they tried to convey the meaning of words as accurately as possible. All the rest bring the reader their own idea of ​​the content, which is very different from the original. Let's say that Sablukov's text is a text written by a Christian missionary. The text of the Quran is very complex. It can be made light only by distorting it. Millions of people know the Qur'an by heart, but this does not mean that a modern speaker of Arabic understands the entire range of meaning of the words of the Qur'an. There is a huge amount of commentary in the Islamic world, and people understand the text of the Qur'an through commentaries. The text of the Koran now and for centuries lives in the comments. Let every generation translate the Koran - this is a great book, everyone reads his own in it. The time for a new academic translation has not yet come. I think in 10-15 years such translations will appear.

- Do you like the often heard idea that the Qur'an is poorly digested and chaotically recorded stories from the Bible and the Gospel?

- No, this ignorant idea is not close to me. The Middle East was seething with religious teachings, and Arabia in those days was the last bastion of Semitic paganism. The text of the Qur'an was the answer to this. A believing Muslim will believe that it is the Almighty who has given answers to the most important questions. A secular scholar will say that the prophetic movement was a reflection of social change. No matter how you approach this topic, it is clear that the text of the Koran has sprouted through the oldest religious tradition in the Middle East. There is a gigantic literature on isolating parallel places with biblical literature.

In recent years, in the United States, and in Russia as well, there have been calls to rewrite the Koran and delete from it everything that the new ideologists consider superfluous. Such books have already been printed and distributed in Afghanistan and Iraq.

This is an unacceptable idea as such a list will never be accepted by Muslims. Much can be found in the Qur'an, as in the Bible. Each generation reads its own - both in the Koran and in the Bible. I repeat, the Koran, like centuries ago, is explained in comments and interpretations. There are polar points of view on the understanding of the most important provisions. There are tolerant tafsirs (collections of comments), there are radical interpretations - say, Saeed Qutba (one of the ideologists of the opposition in Egypt, who was executed in 1966). But no one will allow to rewrite the Koran. Attempts to do this is a huge mistake, which is used by extremist forces in order to get new followers into their ranks.

Every seventh inhabitant of the planet professes Islam. Unlike Christians, whose holy book is the Bible, Muslims have the Koran. In terms of plot and structure, these two wise ancient books are similar to each other, but the Quran has its own unique features.

What is the Quran

Before you figure out how many suras and how many verses are in the Quran, you should learn more about this wise ancient book. The Koran is It was written in the 7th century by the prophet Muhammad (Mohammed).

According to the admirers of Islam, the Creator of the Universe sent the archangel Gabriel (Jabrail) to convey through Muhammad his message for all mankind. According to the Koran, Mohammed is far from the first prophet of the Almighty, but the last one whom Allah ordered to convey his word to the people.

The writing of the Koran lasted for 23 years, until the death of Muhammad. It is noteworthy that the prophet himself did not put together all the texts of the message - this was done after the death of Mohammed by his secretary Zeid ibn Thabit. Prior to this, followers memorized all the texts of the Koran and wrote them down on everything that came to hand.

There is a legend that in his youth the prophet Mohammed was interested in Christianity and was even going to be baptized himself. However, faced with the negative attitude of some priests towards him, he abandoned this idea, although the very ideas of Christianity were close to him. Perhaps there is a grain of truth in this, since some storylines of the Bible and the Koran are intertwined. This suggests that the prophet was clearly well acquainted with the holy book of Christians.

Like the Bible, the Quran is both a philosophical book, a collection of laws, and a chronicle of the Arabs.

Most of the book is written in the form of a dispute between Allah, the opponents of Islam and those who have not yet decided whether to believe or not.

Thematically, the Quran can be divided into 4 blocks.

• Basic principles of Islam.
• The laws, traditions and rituals of Muslims, on the basis of which the moral and legal code of the Arabs was subsequently created.
• Historical and folklore data of the pre-Islamic era.
• Legends about the deeds of Muslim, Jewish and Christian prophets. In particular, in the Koran there are such heroes of the Bible as Abraham, Moses, David, Noah, Solomon and even Jesus Christ.

Structure of the Quran

In terms of structure, the Qur'an is similar to the Bible. However, unlike it, its author is one person, so the Qur'an is not divided into books according to the names of the authors. At the same time, the holy book of Islam is divided into two parts, according to the place of writing.

The chapters of the Koran written by Mohammed before 622, when the prophet, fleeing the opponents of Islam, moved to the city of Medina, are called Meccan. And all the others that Muhammad wrote in his new place of residence are called Medina.

How many suras are in the Quran and what is it

Like the Bible, the Koran consists of chapters, which the Arabs call suras.

In total, this sacred book consists of 114 chapters. They are not arranged according to the order they were written by the prophet, but according to their meaning. For example, the very first written chapter is considered to be Al-Alaq, which tells that Allah is the Creator of everything visible and invisible, as well as the ability of a person to sin. However, in the holy book, it is recorded as the 96th, and the first in a row is Surah Fatiha.

The chapters of the Qur'an are not uniform in length: the longest is 6100 words (Al-Baqarah), while the shortest is only 10 (Al-Kawthar). Starting from the second chapter (Bakara sura), their length becomes shorter.

After the death of Mohammed, the entire Quran was evenly divided into 30 juz. This is done so that during the sacred reading of one juz per night, a faithful Muslim could read the Koran in full.

Of the 114 chapters of the Qur'an, 87 (86) are suras written in Mecca. The remaining 27 (28) are Medina chapters written by Mohammed in the last years of his life. Each sura from the Qur'an has its own title, which reveals a brief meaning of the entire chapter.

113 of the 114 chapters of the Qur'an begin with the words "In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful!" Only the ninth sura, At-Tauba (from Arabic means "repentance"), begins with a story about how the Almighty deals with those who worship several gods.

What are ayat

Having learned how many suras are in the Koran, it is worth paying attention to another structural unit of the holy book - an ayat (an analogue of a biblical verse). Translated from Arabic, "ayat" means "signs."

These verses vary in length. Sometimes there are verses longer than the shortest chapters (10-25 words).

Due to problems with the division of suras into verses, Muslims have a different number of them - from 6204 to 6600.

The smallest number of verses in one chapter is 3, and the largest is 40.

Why the Quran should be read in Arabic

Muslims believe that only words from the Koran in Arabic, in which the sacred text was dictated by the archangel Mohammed, have miraculous power. That is why any, even the most accurate translation of the holy book, loses its divinity. Therefore, it is necessary to read prayers from the Koran in the original language - Arabic.

Those who do not have the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the original Quran, in order to better understand the meaning of the holy book, should read tafsirs (interpretations and explanations of holy texts by the companions of Muhammad and famous scholars of later periods).

Russian translations of the Quran

Currently, there is a wide variety of translations of the Koran into Russian. However, all of them have their shortcomings, so they can only serve as an initial introduction to this great book.

Professor Ignatius Krachkovsky translated the Koran into Russian in 1963, but he did not use comments on the holy book of Muslim scholars (tafsirs), so his translation is beautiful, but in many ways far from the original.

Valeria Porokhova translated the sacred book in verse. Surahs in Russian in her translation rhyme, and when reading the sacred book it sounds very melodious, somewhat reminiscent of the original. However, she translated from Yusuf Ali's English interpretation of the Qur'an and not from Arabic.

Quite good, although containing inaccuracies, are the popular translations of the Koran into Russian today by Elmir Kuliev and Magomed-Nuri Osmanov.

Surah Al-Fatiha

Having figured out how many suras are in the Quran, we can consider a few of the most famous of them. The head of Al-Fatih is called by Muslims the "mother of Scripture", as she opens the Koran. Sura Fatiha is sometimes also called Alham. It is believed that it was written by Mohammed was the fifth, but the scholars and companions of the prophet made it the first in the book. This chapter consists of 7 verses (29 words).

This surah in Arabic begins with the traditional phrase for 113 chapters - "Bismillahi Rahmani Rahim" ("In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful!"). Further in this chapter, Allah is praised, and also asks for His mercy and help on the path of life.

Surah Al-Baqarah

The longest surah from the Qur'an Al-Baqarah is 286 verses. Its name means "cow" in translation. The name of this sura is associated with the story of Moses (Musa), the plot of which is also in the 19th chapter of the biblical book of Numbers. In addition to the parable of Moses, this chapter also tells about the progenitor of all Jews - Abraham (Ibrahim).

Also, Surah Al-Baqara contains information about the basic tenets of Islam: about the unity of Allah, about a pious life, about the upcoming Day of God's judgment (Qiyamat). In addition, this chapter contains instructions on the conduct of trade, pilgrimage, gambling, the age for marriage and various nuances regarding divorce.

Bakara sura contains information that all people are divided into 3 categories: believers in Allah, rejecting the Almighty and His teachings and hypocrites.

The "heart" of Al-Baqarah, and indeed of the entire Koran, is the 255th verse, called "Al-Kursi". It tells about the greatness and power of Allah, His power over time and the universe.

Sura An-Nas

The Qur'an ends with Surah Al-Nas (An-Nas). It consists of only 6 verses (20 words). The title of this chapter is translated as "people". This sura tells about the fight against tempters, regardless of whether they are people, jinn (evil spirits) or Shaitan. The main effective remedy against them is the utterance of the Name of the Most High - in this way they will be put to flight.

It is generally accepted that the two final chapters of the Qur'an (Al-Falak and An-Nas) have protective power. So, according to Mohammed's contemporaries, he advised reading them every night before going to bed, so that the Almighty would protect them from the machinations of dark forces. The beloved wife and faithful companion of the prophet said that during his illness, Muhammad asked her to read aloud the two final suras, hoping for their healing power.

How to read the holy book of Muslims

Having learned how many suras are in the Koran, what are the names of the most famous of them, it is worth familiarizing yourself with how Muslims usually treat the holy book. Muslims treat the text of the Koran as a shrine. So, for example, from a board on which the words from this book are written with chalk, you cannot erase them with saliva, you need to use only clean water.

In Islam, there is a separate set of rules on how to behave correctly when reading suras. Before you start reading, you need to take a small bath, brush your teeth and dress in festive clothes. All this is due to the fact that reading the Qur'an is a meeting with Allah, for which you need to prepare with reverence.

While reading, it is better to be alone so that strangers do not distract from trying to comprehend the wisdom of the sacred book.

As for the rules for handling the book itself, it must not be placed on the floor or left open. In addition, the Quran must always be placed on top of the other books in the stack. Pages from the Koran cannot be used as wrappers for other books.

The Quran is not only the holy book of Muslims, but also a monument of ancient literature. Every person, even those who are very far from Islam, after reading the Koran, will find in it a lot of interesting and instructive things. In addition, today it is very easy to do this: you just need to download the appropriate application from the Internet to your phone - and the ancient wise book will always be at hand.

Koran- The Holy Scripture, which for twenty-three years was sent down to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) through the angel Jibril (peace be upon him). Koran- this is the eternal testimony of prophecy and the last heavenly Revelation, which confirmed the truth of the previous Holy Scriptures and confirmed the last Law of God. Koran developed and brought to perfection the monotheistic religion.

Holy Quran- the main source of Muslim dogma, moral and ethical standards and law. The text of this Scripture is the uncreated Word of God in form and content. Each of his words in meaning corresponds to an entry in the Preserved Tablet - the heavenly archetype of the Holy Scriptures, which stores information about everything that happens in the entire Universe. Allah has invested Koran in the heart of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) through the angel Jibril (peace be upon him), and he memorized their sound and learned their deep meaning. Jibril (peace be upon him) appeared to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sometimes in the form of a man. Companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) sometimes became witnesses of this form of revelation. And sometimes the angel appeared in a bodiless form, accompanied by a sound. This was the most difficult form of sending down, and at that moment the face of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was covered with sweat. There are other types of sending down revelations to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).

Any statements that revelation (wahyu) is the result of the mental and psychic activity of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), due to the social and cultural characteristics of the Arabian society, do not have any arguments in their favor.

Name of the Quran

Most scholars believe that the name "Koran" derived from the verb karaa - "to read". It contains suras consisting of verses, their truthful content and wise instructions, and his reading is an amazing spiritual calm and purification.

AT Holy Quran its other names are also mentioned, emphasizing its essence and reflecting its features. The most common among them is Kitab (Scripture).

Also found are the names Dhikr (Reminder); Furqan (Distinction). This name is due to the fact that Scripture distinguishes between good and evil, truth and falsehood, what is permitted and what is forbidden.

Among other titles Koran, often used in Arabic, one can single out Tanzil (Sending), Burkhan (Proof), Hakk (Truth), Nur (Light) and others. All of these epithets refer to the text of the Koran in Arabic. As for the book where the text is written Koran, then it is customary to call it a mushaf (plural masahif).

The place of the Qur'an in the life of Muslims

The main purpose of sending down Koran was to guide people on the path of moral purification and spiritual perfection, to which people naturally gravitate.

Koran teaches to distinguish good from evil. His truths are supported by convincing arguments and irrefutable evidence. They refute the rule "do not test, but believe", proclaiming a new life credo - "test and believe." AT Koran says (meaning): “We have sent down the Scripture to you so that you can explain to them what they disagreed about in the precepts of religion, and also as a guide to the straight path and mercy for believers” (Sura An-Nahl, verse 64).

Koran sent down in clear Arabic and is characterized by amazing euphony, purity of syllable, compositional harmony and correctness of grammatical constructions.

AT Koran there is nothing superfluous and accidental, and reflection on its meaning is considered one of the most worthy occupations. Reflections on Koranic truths open the soul, amaze the believer with their deep meaning. Koran teaches us to think about the signs that surround us in this wonderful world, and to appreciate its beauty. Scripture says (meaning): “We sent down the Scripture to you so that you would lead people, with the permission of their Lord, from unbelief to faith - onto the path of the Mighty, the Praiseworthy” (Sura Ibrahim, verse 1).

Therefore, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) explained that the best of his followers is the one who studies Koran and teach it to others.

Features of the Quran

The Holy Quran is a unique Scripture addressed to all mankind. The path of spiritual liberation and moral purification outlined in it is so perfect that Koran has not lost its relevance to this day and will not lose until the end of the world. That is why the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was commanded to say (meaning): “This Quran has been given to me as a Revelation, so that I may warn you and those to whom it reaches through it.” (Hurray "Al-An'am", verse 19). Muslim scholars point to some of the features of this Scripture that make it possible to judge its uniqueness.

Koran will never be distorted and will be preserved in the form in which it was sent down, for Allah Almighty says (meaning): "Indeed, We (Allah) sent down the Qur'an, and We will surely preserve it" (Sura Al-Hijr, verse 9).

Completing the glorious series of heavenly revelations, Koran testifies to the previous Scriptures and confirms that they were all sent down by Allah. It says (meaning): “This Scripture which We sent down is blessed and confirms the truth of what was sent down before it.” (Sura Al-An'am, verse 92).

Koran inimitable, and no one has yet been able to and will not be able to compose something similar - neither in form nor in content - even to the shortest sura. Its truths have been confirmed by modern scientific discoveries.

Quranic suras are easy to remember even for those who do not speak Arabic. Koran conveys the essence of previous scriptures.

Another important feature Koran is the sending down of suras and verses - parts - about certain events in the life of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions. They brought them peace and gave them confidence.

The sending down, collection and structure of the Qur'an

Written fixation of the Quran

Sacred Koran sent down to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) in parts. Having received another revelation, he ordered to immediately write it down. Even in the most difficult moments, during the migration (hijra) from Mecca to Medina and during military campaigns, one of the scribes was always with him, ready to fix the text of the revealed verses.

The first to write Koran in Mecca, was Abdullah bin Saad. Ubayy bin Kaab was awarded this honor in Medina. Among those who recorded the revelations were Abu Bakr, Umar bin al-Khattab, Uthman bin Affan, Ali bin Abu Talib, Zubair bin al-Awwam, Hanzala bin ar-Rabi, Shurahbil bin Hasan, Abdullah bin Rawaha and others (yes Allah will be pleased with them all). All in all Koran about forty companions wrote down from the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

During the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), the verses Koran were written on the leaves of date palms, flat stones, pieces of skin, camel's shoulder blades, etc. The ink was made from soot and soot. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) explained in which sura and where exactly the revealed verses should be entered. After writing down the Revelation, the clerk read it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and, under his guidance, corrected the errors, if any.

To ensure safety Koran The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) encouraged his companions to memorize it. Many Muslims knew by heart the whole Koran.

Koran was written down in full during the lifetime of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). This is evidenced by many hadiths. For example, a hadith narrated by Muslim states: "Don't travel with Koran in the hands, for I fear that the enemies will take possession of it ". The famous message of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to Amr ibn Hamz (may Allah be pleased with him) says: "To Koran no one has touched it except the one who has made a religious purification"(Malik, Nasai). These and similar stories confirm that the companions at the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) recorded in writing Koran in many instances. Due to this, in the era of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) Koran was honored with complete preservation in both senses: preservation in the hearts and preservation in writing.

However, it has not yet been compiled into a single book. This was not done due to many circumstances.

First, in the era of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in writing Koran on the sheets or its collection in one set there was no need that arose during the reign of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and forced it to be written on scrolls. And also there was no need that arose during the reign of Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), and he collected Koran into a single book and made copies of it. In addition, the Muslim community at that time experienced the best of times. Readers Koran then there was plenty, and among the Arabs the reliance on memorization was superior to the reliance on writing.

Secondly, Koran was not sent down entirely at once, on the contrary, the sending down of revelations continued for 23 years.

Thirdly, the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) faced the possibility of sending down a new Revelation, canceling what Allah wills, from the verse or verses sent down before, since between the last sending down of verses from Koran and the death of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was only nine days, etc.

Gathering the Qur'an into a single code

After the departure of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) to another world, it became clear that over time the number of experts Koran decreases and there is a danger of partial loss of its text. Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) convinced Caliph Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) of the need to compile a single list approved by all experts Koran. Supporting Umar's initiative, the caliph instructed Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) to collect records Koran all the companions who lived in Medina, arrange the verses and suras in the order in which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) read them, and coordinate the list with the rest of the scientists. This took about a year, after which the agreed text was presented to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). It was decided to destroy the rest of the manuscripts so that later no one could say that he had a passage. Koran not included in the list of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). After the Caliph's Death Koran passed to Caliph Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and then, according to his will, to his daughter, the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), the mother of the faithful Hafse bint Umar (may Allah be pleased with her).

According to historians, during the reign of Caliph Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), four copies of the same updated list were compiled Koran. The first of the lists, called the Mushaf-Imam, was left in Medina, and the rest were sent to Kufa, Basra and Sham.

According to some researchers, the Koran, left in Medina, was taken from there to Andalusia. Subsequently, he was transported to Morocco, and in 1485 he ended up in Samarkand. In 1869, Russian researchers took it to St. Petersburg, where it remained until 1917. Under Soviet rule, the manuscript was returned and in 1924 ended up in Tashkent.

First lists Koran were written with all care, but did not have diacritical points and vowels (signs denoting vowel sounds).

At the first stage in the text Koran announcements were made. By order of the governor of Basra, Ziyad bin Sumeyya (d. 672), this work was carried out by a group of thirty scribes under the guidance of a well-known expert in Arabic, Abu al-Aswad al-Duali (d. 688). The modern form of vowels was acquired during the time of al-Khalil bin Ahmad (d. 791), who also developed a number of additional signs (hamza, tashdid and others).

At the second stage in the text Koran diacritical points were placed and designations for long and short vowels were developed. By order of the governor of Iraq, al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf (d. 714), Nasr bin Asim (d. 707) and Yahya bin Yamur (d. 746) coped with this task. At the same time, signs were introduced to separate the text Koran into 30 parts (dzhuz). This division was dictated by practical expediency and facilitated reading. Koran during night prayers in Ramadan. In modern editions, each juz Koran It is customary to divide into two parts (two hizbs), and each hizb into four quarters (rub).

Structure of the Quran. The text of the Quran is divided into suras and verses.

Ayat - fragment (verse) Koran, consisting of one or more phrases. The longest verse of the Qur'an is the 282nd verse of Sura 2 "Al-Baqara". The most valuable verse is the 255th verse of the same sura, which was called "Al-Kursiy". It explains the foundations of the tradition of monotheism, as well as the greatness and infinity of the Divine qualities.

On the first list Koran verses were not separated from each other by signs, as is done at the present time, and therefore there was some disagreement among scholars about the number of verses in Scripture. They all agreed that it contains over 6200 verses. In more accurate calculations, there was no unity between them, but these figures are of no fundamental importance, because they do not concern the text of the revelations, but only how it should be divided into verses. In modern editions Koran(Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran) allocate 6236 verses, which corresponds to the Kufi tradition dating back to Ali bin Abu Talib. There is no disagreement between theologians regarding the fact that the verses are arranged in the suras in the order that was dictated by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

A sura is a chapter of the Qur'an that unites a group of verses. This Arabic word means "high place" (from Arabic sur - wall, fence). This name is explained by the fact that the words in the Qur'anic chapters, like bricks, lie on top of each other until they reach the number that is pleasing to Allah. According to another interpretation, this name emphasizes the greatness and harmony of the meaning embedded in the Qur'anic revelations.

Text Koran consists of 114 suras, which are conventionally divided into Meccan and Medina. According to most scholars, the Meccan revelations include everything that was sent down before the Hijra, and the Medinan revelations include everything that was sent down after the Hijra, even if it happened in Mecca itself, for example, during the farewell pilgrimage. The verses sent down during the migration to Medina are considered Meccan.

The order of the suras in Koran was appointed by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). According to Ibn Abbas, it is said that every time a sura was sent down to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he called one of the scribes to him and said to them: “Put this sura where such and such is mentioned and so-and-so." It is also narrated that Zayd bin Thabit said: “We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and made up Koran on pieces of skin. By this compilation is meant the ordering of the verses according to the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) adopted this order from the angel Jibril (peace be upon him), for the hadith says that Jibril (peace be upon him) said: “Place such and such a verse in such and such a place”. And there is no doubt that Jibril (peace be upon him) said this at the command of Allah Almighty.

Suras in Koran are not in the order of sending down. Surah Al-Fatiha, sent down in Mecca, is placed first. The seven verses of this sura encompass the basic principles of Islamic dogma, for which it was called the "Mother of Scripture." It is followed by long surahs sent down in Medina and explaining the laws of Sharia. The short suras sent down in Mecca and Medina are at the end Koran. They consist of short verses and are usually recited when performing religious rites.

As for the names of the suras, they were given later, however, Muslim scholars, referring to certain places in Koran, use exactly the names of the suras (and not numbers). Most suras are named after unique words: for example, the only place in Koran, where we are talking about bees - verses 68-69 of sura 16 "An-Nakhl", the only mention of the poets verses 224-227 of sura 26 "Ash-Shu'arah", etc.

The best reciter of the Koran visited the editorial office of the site Islam.ru