Gum rupture. Gum injury treatment

Gums are the mucous membrane that covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and teeth. Their tissues are multilayered squamous epithelium, which has the ability to quickly recover. Penetrated with capillaries and nerve endings, the gums supply blood and nourish the roots of the teeth. Blood from a wound on the gum

Causes of sores on the gums

Sores on the gums can appear as a result of:

thermal or chemical burns;
the gum near the tooth can be injured by a hard toothbrush, or scratched by rough, hard food;
dental procedures, chipped teeth, braces;
the dangerous habit of holding sharp objects in the mouth, such as a match, a toothpick, a pencil, can cause damage;
stomatitis;
ulcerative gingivitis.

To strengthen gum tissue, it is necessary to use special medicinal pastes that prevent inflammatory processes and increase gum tone.

Inflammation in the mouth

There are several reasons why gums may become inflamed:

Stomatitis of various forms, caused by viruses and bacteria, affecting the gums and tongue. All diseases are accompanied by redness of the oral mucosa. Bubbles appear that can ulcerate; the white wound formed on the gum has an oval shape with red edges. Stomatitis is accompanied by low-grade fever and enlarged lymph nodes. The cause of development is an infection that penetrates through scratches and cracks in the gum. Provoking factors include poor oral hygiene, weakened immunity, and smoking. Signs of the disease may appear after a course of chemotherapy, due to hormonal changes. Stomatitis is often found in HIV-infected people. The disease can occur as an allergic reaction; food products or medications can be provocateurs. Herpetic stomatitis is caused by the herpes simplex virus. Aphthous develops in the absence of treatment or is a complication of another form of the disease, characterized by multiple lesions of the gums. The fungal form is caused by a fungal infection and is often found in people who wear dentures.
Ulcerative gingivitis- a rare form of gum disease, diagnosed more often at the age of 18-30 years. Predisposing factors are multiple caries, tartar and plaque, and incorrectly fitted orthopedic structures. The course of the disease is acute, with fever, headache, and sleep disturbances. In this case, the gum tissue is painful, swollen and bleeds at the slightest mechanical impact. Limited areas of the gums become covered with ulcers.
Inflammation can develop if mechanical damage to the gums it turned out to be deep, and no antiseptic treatment was carried out. In such cases, the scratch becomes inflamed due to infection. Without treatment, the inflammation develops into an acute form of gingivitis.

Catarrhal gingivitis

Treatment of wounds on the gums

Therapeutic measures include the elimination of all causes of the inflammatory process. The main focus is the treatment of wounds with gels, ointments, and medicinal solutions that promote the healing of microtraumas. As an additional therapy, it is possible to use folk remedies.

Drug treatment

Minor mechanical injuries to the gums, scratches and microcracks are treated with antiseptic agents " Metrogil Denta», « Holisal" To prevent the inflammatory process, it is recommended to rinse with soda or saline solution after each meal. To rinse the oral cavity, they also use " Stomatophyte», « Rotokan», « Malavit" The scratch and wound should be treated with hydrogen peroxide using a cotton swab. If the wound on the gum is caused by a burn, an anesthetic is added to the treatment.

Stomatophyte

In cases where the cause of the formation of wounds on the gums is stomatitis, complex therapy is carried out with taking medications, using ointments and rinsing the mouth. Balm " Asepta"containing propolis, relieves inflammation and regenerates injured gum tissue. Stomatidin, a drug with antiseptic and disinfectant effects, is also prescribed.

Herpetic stomatitis is treated using " Zovirax», « Acyclovir», « Oksolina" Pain syndrome is eliminated with analgesics. Antihistamines, multivitamin complexes, and immunomodulators are also prescribed. The gums are treated with anti-inflammatory and wound healing agents.

When diagnosing allergic stomatitis, treatment is carried out with antihistamines. Local therapy involves treating the gums " Inhaliptom», « Lugol», « Hexoral", rinsing " Ingafitol», « Evkarom", lozenges are also recommended.

Hexoral solution

For fungal stomatitis, the gums are treated with nystatin and levorin ointment, and antifungal medications are taken “ Diflucan», « Fluconazole».

For ulcerative gingivitis, “ Metronidazole", antihistamines. Applications are applied to the wounds with “ Lidocaine», « Chlorhexidine», « Trypsin" For external use, use an oily liquid - “ Karotolin" Rinsing with antiseptic solutions and herbal decoctions is prescribed. Therapeutic therapy also includes physiotherapeutic procedures: Ural Federal District, ultraphonophoresis And laser therapy.

Laser in dentistry

In cases where traumatic scratches and wounds appeared during tooth treatment, due to a poor-quality prosthesis, or a chipped tooth, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the cause. Replace dentures or braces, polish the edges of the chipped tooth and begin local treatment using healing preparations and rinses.

Folk remedies for healing wounds on the gums

Traditional medicine for healing gums offers decoctions with medicinal herbs that have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and soothing properties:

Chamomile decoction- 2 tbsp. l. pour liters of boiling water over the floor and leave for half an hour. Rinse 4-5 times a day.
Decoction with sage- a tablespoon of dry herb is brewed in a glass of boiling water and used as a mouth rinse.
Oak bark has anti-inflammatory, astringent and regenerating properties. Grind oak bark, 1 tbsp. l. cook in 300 ml of water for 15-20 minutes. Rinse the mouth with the decoction 3-4 times a day.
Yarrow decoction relieves inflammation. 2. Art. l. pour a glass of boiling water over the herbs, leave for 20 minutes, rinse 4-5 times a day.
Applications with sea buckthorn oil promote rapid healing of gum wounds. A cotton swab is soaked in oil and applied to the wound.

Treatment of wounds on the gums with folk remedies is recommended for minor damage to the gingival tissue or as an addition to the main drug treatment.

Sage decoction

Features of oral care

Proper oral care prevents early tooth loss and eliminates gum and throat diseases. The pathogenic microbes living there are capable of causing disturbances in cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine systems.

And also cause rheumatism, skin diseases and cause nervous disorders. Foci of chronic infection in the oral cavity reduce the defenses, which can cause a malfunction in any of the systems of the human body. Proper oral hygiene includes:

Thorough daily dental care, including brushing after every meal and using dental floss rather than toothpicks.
Professional teeth cleaning - removal of plaque and tartar - at least once a year.
Regular preventive dental consultations, timely treatment of caries, dental prosthetics.
Choosing the right toothbrush is a personal touch, taking into account the stiffness of the bristles, size and shape. People with sensitive gums and teeth will benefit from brushes with soft bristles. Brushes with medium hardness are popular. Your toothbrush should be renewed every three months.
Massage the gums, which should end every teeth cleaning. Close your teeth and massage your gums with a toothbrush in light circular movements.
Toothpastes should be selected on the recommendation of the treating dentist. A special-purpose, anti-caries, anti-inflammatory paste should not be used constantly; to avoid addiction, it is recommended to take breaks.
The use of special devices for cleaning the tongue.
The use of mouth rinses provides additional cleaning of the teeth, tongue and mucous membranes.
People who wear dentures should carefully care for their implants using special tools and devices.
Timely treatment of infectious diseases of the oral cavity.
Quitting smoking and the habit of chewing seeds.

Gum diseases are often associated with hypovitaminosis, a deficiency of vitamins A, C and D. To renew the mucous layers of the gums, protein is needed in sufficient quantities.

Timely elimination of diseases that cause gum damage ensures a healthy mouth and teeth. Paying attention to your health and consulting with specialists will help you avoid unpleasant complications.

A wound on the gum is a very unpleasant phenomenon that can significantly complicate life.

From gum pain to bad breath.

Its causes can be either mechanical damage or infection in the oral cavity.

Causes

It must be remembered that a wound that appears on the gum is a fairly serious reason for contacting a dentist. If this is not done in time, infectious pathogens may enter the wound, leading to inflammation in the oral cavity. In dental practice, it is quite common for people who have damage to their gums to come to us.

The reasons for this may be the following factors:

incorrect tooth extraction when the gum is damaged by a medical instrument;
brushing your teeth with too hard a brush or eating hard foods;
In young children, the cause may be mechanical damage from sharp objects that they put in their mouths.

In addition to wounds on the gums, inflammation may also occur.

The main reasons for this are:

mechanical gum injuries;
improper oral care;
stomatitis and gingivitis.

If the wound is not treated, it can cause serious infectious complications. Such as the appearance of tartar, rough growth.

The gums may separate a few millimeters from the teeth and fester. And if all this is not treated, then you can eventually lose the tooth.

Dental diseases, which are characterized by the appearance of wounds on the gums, include stomatitis.

The forms of its manifestation can be different, as well as the treatment that follows their appearance.

So, let's look at each of them:

Catarrhal form occurs most often. It is characterized by: swelling, redness and swelling in the affected area, white or yellow plaque, pain.
Ulcerative the form is more severe than catarrhal. It can be either an independent form of the disease or an advanced case of catarrhal form. The temperature rises to subfebrile levels, and acute pain is typical.
Aphthous. The cause of the aphthous form may be gastrointestinal diseases. Aphthae form on the affected areas - small wounds, the temperature rises.
Candidal stomatitis– this is a consequence of either a fungal infection or long-term use of antibiotics. White cheesy deposits on the oral mucosa are characteristic.
Herpetic form caused by the virus of the same name. Rashes in the form of blisters.

After wisdom tooth removal, your gums may still be bothersome for some time. How much your gums hurt after wisdom tooth removal depends on the complexity of the operation.

If there is a lump on your gum that hurts when pressed, only a doctor can help you get rid of it. What is it and what methods are used to treat it, read on.

Due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, women may experience gum pain. How to avoid this and how to treat it if the problem makes itself felt - more on that in the next topic.

Main types

The main cause of sores in the mouth is stomatitis. There are several types of it:

chronic stomatitis appears with constant biting, malocclusion, poorly made dentures;
chemical stomatitis is caused by the appearance of burns in the oral cavity as a result of exposure to chemicals and drugs;
allergic stomatitis occurs when the body is sensitized to various allergens;
fungal stomatitis appears when affected by microspores of candidiasis, etc.

How to treat

To cure wounds on the gums, it is necessary to rinse the oral cavity with different solutions and tinctures:

Soda solution. To prepare it you will need a teaspoon of salt and soda. They need to be diluted with a glass of warm boiled water and rinsed with this.
Rotokan. You can buy it at the pharmacy, it is a herbal infusion with alcohol. At night, you can moisten a cotton swab and apply it to the wound. In two or three days everything will pass.
Chlorhexidine. Wash the wound with the solution twice a day.
For children, wounds are lubricated with an oil solution of vitamin B12.

The pharmacy also sells gels such as Metrogyl, which will quickly relieve inflammation and heal a wound on the gum.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies suggest rinsing with herbal infusions, propolis and sea buckthorn oil.

Sea buckthorn oil or vitamin A, purchased at the pharmacy, eliminates inflammation quite quickly. Everything will heal in a few days.
Take pine or spruce branches, chop them, mix them with oak cuttings and pour the resulting mass with alcohol. Leave for 12 hours, and then rinse your mouth day and evening. The wound will heal quickly.
Rinsing the mouth with a decoction of chamomile and marigold in a 1:1 ratio helps a lot. Place in a saucepan, add a glass of boiling water and simmer over low heat for 15-20 minutes.
Inflamed gums can be lubricated with 10% propolis tincture, purchased at a pharmacy or made independently. With its help, you can kill the entire infection and at the same time strengthen your gums.

The phenomenon of red gums can occur with pathologies such as gingivitis, periodontal disease and even leukemia.

Pharmacy vitamins for teeth and gums are given in this review.

Prevention

To prevent the occurrence of wounds, the following recommendations should be followed:

treat your teeth on time by visiting a dentist;
take vitamins and products to boost immunity;
prevent oral injuries whenever possible;
Maintain daily oral hygiene.

Video on the topic

Traumatic gum injury

A pressure sore of the gum mucosa (traumatic prosthetic stomatitis) is a traumatic lesion of the gum mucosa that occurs as a result of prolonged mechanical impact.

Symptoms of Traumatic Gum Injury:

With mild trauma to the mucous membrane, catarrhal inflammation develops.
In case of serious discrepancy between the prosthesis and the transitional fold, pressure ulcers with swollen edges and a bleeding bottom occur. Ulcers are painful and may be one of the reasons for refusing to use a prosthesis. Acute decubital ulcers quickly disappear after correction of the edges of the prosthesis, otherwise the ulcer becomes chronic. Epithelial hyperplasia occurs around it, sometimes in the form of petals covering the ulcer. The bottom of the ulcer may be clean, bleeding, and sometimes covered with fibrinous plaque.

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed can be focal - in the form of pinpoint hyperemia (redness) or large hyperemic spots and diffuse, often occupying the entire surface of the prosthetic bed. Against the background of an inflamed and edematous mucous membrane, pinpoint hemorrhages, erosions, as well as foci of hyperplasia of the mucous membrane in the form of granularity or lobulation may occur. Changes in the mucous membrane can also be observed when using fixed dentures.

Damage to the gum mucosa

Causes of Traumatic Gum Damage:

Mechanical injury can be acute or chronic. Acute mechanical trauma usually occurs when biting the mucous membrane with teeth or is damaged by instruments during dental procedures.
A bedsore (decubital ulcer) occurs as a result of a discrepancy between the base, clasps (retaining elements) of the prosthesis and the boundaries and surface of the prosthetic bed. Traumatic stomatitis is observed in almost all patients after the application of a prosthesis, but quickly disappears as a result of appropriate and timely correction of the prosthesis. Pressure ulcers are less common in patients using old, unusable dentures.

Treatment of traumatic gum injury:

For traumatic ulcers, it is necessary, first of all, to eliminate the irritant; treatment includes antiseptic treatment of the ulcer, antiseptic mouth rinses and the use of keratoplasty (epithelializing) drugs. If the ulcer is severely painful, applications of painkillers are prescribed. Necrotic tissue from the bottom of the ulcer is carefully removed mechanically under anesthesia or using proteolytic enzymes. Applications of keratoplasty agents are prescribed (vitamins A and E, rosehip oil, tezana liniment, Shostakovsky balm, carotolin, sea buckthorn oil, 5% methyluracil ointment, solcoseryl, etc.). A thorough sanitation of the oral cavity is performed. In case of damage to removable dentures, their correction is necessary.

If the cause of the injury is not eliminated, then treatment is ineffective, and fibrous tissue gradually develops at the base of the ulcer, which can lead to the appearance of lobular fibroma or neoplastic formation.

If after eliminating the injury the ulcer does not heal within 2 weeks, then consultation with an oncologist is necessary.

Types and treatment of gum injuries

Bruising of the gums in the front part of the jaw is possible due to a fall or blow during a fight.

Thermal injuries occur as a result of drinking food or water that is too hot. Chemical burns to the gums occur when acids (usually vinegar) and high concentration alkalis are consumed during meals or by mistake.

Chronic injuries

Chronic injuries are formed as a result of prolonged exposure to irritating agents on the gums. The gums can be damaged by:

Food regularly getting stuck between teeth.
A filling in a tooth that extends beyond its walls and puts pressure on the gum.
Orthodontic equipment (braces, plates).
Poorly fitted clasp (hook) on a removable denture.
The edge of a metal crown that is too wide.
Bridge if the lavage space under the pontic is missing or too small, causing food to accumulate under the bridge.
An inconvenient removable laminar denture of low quality, which can rub or dig into the gum with poorly processed edges and the inner surface, or interfere with blood circulation in the gum by fitting too tightly to it.

There are signs of gum inflammation, regardless of the cause of the injury:

swelling and redness of soft tissues in the area of injury;
pain is spontaneous, aggravated by touching the site of injury.

In case of mechanical trauma to the gums, the place of damage is visually noticeable - there is slight bleeding.

Chemical and thermal burns produce erosion, covered with a gray coating or film of necrotic mucous membrane, which is easily removed, exposing the bleeding wound surface.

If a chronic injury exists for a long time, then in its place is formed:

dark pressure ulcer with serous or purulent discharge, it occurs when blood circulation is impaired;
decubital ulcer in the form of a bleeding, very painful wound with thick, rough edges and swollen mucous membrane around it.

When the gums become suppurated, general symptoms also appear:

deterioration of health;
low-grade fever (37.2ºС);
a slight increase in the level of leukocytes and ESR in the blood test;
slight compaction and tenderness of the submandibular lymph nodes.

Which doctor treats gum injuries?

If gum inflammation is detected, you should contact your dentist.

If traumatic damage to the gums occurs after the manufacture of a denture, then it would be logical to first contact an orthopedic dentist to correct the new structure in the mouth. If it is necessary to treat the mucous membrane, the patient will be referred by the orthopedist to a dental therapist.

If the cause of the damage is unclear, you should immediately make an appointment at the clinic with a periodontist.

Diagnostics

From the patient’s story and examination of the injury site, the doctor, without additional examination methods, determines the cause of the pathology.

If the cause of the injury lies in poorly made crowns, bridges or removable dentures, the intervention of an orthopedic doctor is required. The main anti-inflammatory therapy is carried out by a periodontist.

Providing assistance begins with eliminating the cause of inflammation:

the foreign body is removed;
Poor quality fillings are replaced;
wearing uncomfortable prostheses is prohibited;
Buy a new toothbrush with softer bristles.

Further therapy is carried out according to the following scheme:

Anesthesia.
Anti-inflammatory treatment.
Healing therapy.

Anesthesia

Pain is relieved by rinsing, baths or applications using warm solutions of 0.5-1% lidocaine, 2-4% pyromecaine.

Any propolis preparation has a good analgesic effect (as well as anti-inflammatory and keratoplasty).

Anti-inflammatory measures

To prevent infection of the damaged area, the doctor prescribes:

Rinsing with antiseptic solutions. These can be pharmaceutical preparations (Chlorhexidine, Miramistin, 0.5-1% Dimexide, 0.02% furatsilin, 3% hydrogen peroxide, pale pink solution of potassium permanganate) or folk home remedies in the form of decoctions and infusions (chamomile, sage - 1 a tablespoon of crushed plant material is brewed with 1 cup of boiling water).
Anti-inflammatory gels (Parodontocide, Metrogyl Denta, Cholisal, Elugel and Elgifluor).

Healing therapy

After cleansing the wound surface, keratoplasty (healing) agents are used:

Ointments - Methyluracil, Pentoxyl, Solcoseryl.
Preparations containing vitamin A and E - carotolin, Unna cream, Shostakovsky balm (Vinilin), rosehip oil, milk thistle, sea buckthorn.

Surgery

Typically, gum injuries are small in extent and do not require sutures. Very rarely, in case of chronic gum injuries, surgical excision of ulcers along with roughened edges is performed.

If the ulcer has not healed within two weeks of active treatment, then you should contact an oncologist.

Prevention

To prevent gum injuries, you need to follow preventive measures:

While eating, do not be distracted by talking, watching TV, reading or working on the computer. This will reduce the risk of burns or mechanical injury.

Treat your teeth in a timely manner by choosing a certified clinic equipped with modern diagnostic and treatment equipment with qualified dentists.

Dental prosthetics should also be carried out only in a medical institution that guarantees the high quality of manufactured dentures.

Monitor the correct formation of the dental system in children in order to avoid the need for orthodontic treatment in the future.

When self-medicating, there is no need to rush into taking antibiotics and corticosteroids without a doctor’s prescription. They will cause much more harm to the body than the positive effect of their use.

Healing in the oral cavity always occurs quickly. This is facilitated by the presence of the bactericidal and keratoplastic enzyme lysozyme in saliva, which provides natural protection to the gums from damage.

Useful video about gum disease

There are acute and chronic gum injuries.

Acute gum injuries

Acute gum damage occurs due to mechanical and chemical influence.

Mechanical damage to the gums occurs from injury to the gums:

fish or other bones while chewing food;
bristles that are too hard or old and out of shape when brushing your teeth;
toothpicks or careless use.

Bruising of the gums in the front part of the jaw is possible due to a fall or blow during a fight.

Chronic gum injuries

Chronic injuries are formed as a result of prolonged exposure to irritating agents on the gums. The gums can be damaged by:

Food regularly getting stuck between teeth.
A filling in a tooth that extends beyond its walls and puts pressure on the gum.
Orthodontic equipment (, plates).
Poorly fitted clasp (hook) on.
The metal edge is too wide.
Bridge if the lavage space under the pontic is missing or too small, causing food to accumulate under the bridge.
An inconvenient removable laminar denture of low quality, which can rub or dig into the gum with poorly processed edges and the inner surface, or interfere with blood circulation in the gum by fitting too tightly to it.

Symptoms

There are signs of gum inflammation, regardless of the cause of the injury:

swelling and redness of soft tissues in the area of injury;
pain is spontaneous, aggravated by touching the site of injury.

In case of mechanical trauma to the gums, the place of damage is visually noticeable - there is slight bleeding.

Chemical and thermal burns produce erosion, covered with a gray coating or film of necrotic mucous membrane, which is easily removed, exposing the bleeding wound surface.

If a chronic injury exists for a long time, then in its place is formed:

dark pressure ulcer with serous or purulent discharge, it occurs when blood circulation is impaired;
decubital ulcer in the form of a bleeding, very painful wound with thick, rough edges and swollen mucous membrane around it.

When the gums become suppurated, general symptoms also appear:

deterioration of health;
low-grade fever (37.2ºС);
a slight increase in the level of leukocytes and ESR in the blood test;
slight compaction and tenderness of the submandibular lymph nodes.

Which doctor treats gum injuries?

If gum inflammation is detected, you should contact your dentist.

If the cause of the damage is unclear, you should immediately make an appointment at the clinic with a periodontist.

Diagnostics

From the patient’s story and examination of the injury site, the doctor, without additional examination methods, determines the cause of the pathology.

Treatment

Providing assistance begins with eliminating the cause of inflammation:

the foreign body is removed;
Poor quality fillings are replaced;
wearing uncomfortable prostheses is prohibited;
Buy a new toothbrush with softer bristles.

Further therapy is carried out according to the following scheme:

Anesthesia.
Anti-inflammatory treatment.
Healing therapy.

Pain relief for gum injuries

Pain is relieved by rinsing, baths or applications using warm solutions of 0.5-1% lidocaine, 2-4% pyromecaine.

Any propolis preparation has a good analgesic effect (as well as anti-inflammatory and keratoplasty).

Anti-inflammatory measures

To prevent infection of the damaged area, the doctor prescribes:

Rinsing with antiseptic solutions. These can be pharmaceutical preparations (Chlorhexidine, Miramistin, 0.5-1% Dimexide, 0.02% furatsilin, 3% hydrogen peroxide, pale pink solution of potassium permanganate) or folk home remedies in the form of decoctions and infusions (chamomile, sage - 1 a tablespoon of crushed plant material is brewed with 1 cup of boiling water).
Anti-inflammatory gels (Parodontocide, Metrogyl Denta, Cholisal, Elugel and Elgifluor).

Healing therapy

After cleansing the wound surface, keratoplasty (healing) agents are used:

Ointments - Methyluracil, Pentoxyl, Solcoseryl.
Preparations containing vitamin A and E - carotolin, Unna cream, Shostakovsky balm (Vinilin), rosehip oil, milk thistle, sea buckthorn.

Surgical treatment of gum injury

Typically, gum injuries are small in extent and do not require sutures. Very rarely, in case of chronic gum injuries, surgical excision of ulcers along with roughened edges is performed.

If the ulcer has not healed within two weeks of active treatment, then you should contact an oncologist.

Prevention

To prevent gum injuries, you need to follow preventive measures:

While eating, do not be distracted by talking, watching TV, reading or working on the computer. This will reduce the risk of burns or mechanical injury.

Treat your teeth in a timely manner by choosing a certified clinic equipped with modern diagnostic and treatment equipment with qualified dentists.

Dental work should also be carried out only in a medical institution that guarantees the high quality of manufactured dentures.

Monitor the correct formation of the dental system in children in order to avoid the need for orthodontic treatment in the future.

Useful video about gum disease

Bruising of the gums in the front part of the jaw is possible due to a fall or blow during a fight.

Chronic injuries

Chronic injuries are formed as a result of prolonged exposure to irritating agents on the gums. The gums can be damaged by:

Food regularly getting stuck between teeth.
A filling in a tooth that extends beyond its walls and puts pressure on the gum.
Orthodontic equipment (braces, plates).
Poorly fitted clasp (hook) on a removable denture.
The edge of a metal crown that is too wide.
Bridge if the lavage space under the pontic is missing or too small, causing food to accumulate under the bridge.
An inconvenient removable laminar denture of low quality, which can rub or dig into the gum with poorly processed edges and the inner surface, or interfere with blood circulation in the gum by fitting too tightly to it.

There are signs of gum inflammation, regardless of the cause of the injury:

swelling and redness of soft tissues in the area of injury;
pain is spontaneous, aggravated by touching the site of injury.

In case of mechanical trauma to the gums, the place of damage is visually noticeable - there is slight bleeding.

Chemical and thermal burns produce erosion, covered with a gray coating or film of necrotic mucous membrane, which is easily removed, exposing the bleeding wound surface.

If a chronic injury exists for a long time, then in its place is formed:

dark pressure ulcer with serous or purulent discharge, it occurs when blood circulation is impaired;
decubital ulcer in the form of a bleeding, very painful wound with thick, rough edges and swollen mucous membrane around it.

When the gums become suppurated, general symptoms also appear:

deterioration of health;
low-grade fever (37.2ºС);
a slight increase in the level of leukocytes and ESR in the blood test;
slight compaction and tenderness of the submandibular lymph nodes.

Which doctor treats gum injuries?

If gum inflammation is detected, you should contact your dentist.

If the cause of the damage is unclear, you should immediately make an appointment at the clinic with a periodontist.

Diagnostics

From the patient’s story and examination of the injury site, the doctor, without additional examination methods, determines the cause of the pathology.

Providing assistance begins with eliminating the cause of inflammation:

the foreign body is removed;
Poor quality fillings are replaced;
wearing uncomfortable prostheses is prohibited;
Buy a new toothbrush with softer bristles.

Further therapy is carried out according to the following scheme:

Anesthesia.
Anti-inflammatory treatment.
Healing therapy.

Anesthesia

Pain is relieved by rinsing, baths or applications using warm solutions of 0.5-1% lidocaine, 2-4% pyromecaine.

Any propolis preparation has a good analgesic effect (as well as anti-inflammatory and keratoplasty).

Anti-inflammatory measures

To prevent infection of the damaged area, the doctor prescribes:

Rinsing with antiseptic solutions. These can be pharmaceutical preparations (Chlorhexidine, Miramistin, 0.5-1% Dimexide, 0.02% furatsilin, 3% hydrogen peroxide, pale pink solution of potassium permanganate) or folk home remedies in the form of decoctions and infusions (chamomile, sage - 1 a tablespoon of crushed plant material is brewed with 1 cup of boiling water).
Anti-inflammatory gels (Parodontocide, Metrogyl Denta, Cholisal, Elugel and Elgifluor).

Healing therapy

After cleansing the wound surface, keratoplasty (healing) agents are used:

Ointments - Methyluracil, Pentoxyl, Solcoseryl.
Preparations containing vitamin A and E - carotolin, Unna cream, Shostakovsky balm (Vinilin), rosehip oil, milk thistle, sea buckthorn.

Surgery

Typically, gum injuries are small in extent and do not require sutures. Very rarely, in case of chronic gum injuries, surgical excision of ulcers along with roughened edges is performed.

If the ulcer has not healed within two weeks of active treatment, then you should contact an oncologist.

Prevention

To prevent gum injuries, you need to follow preventive measures:

While eating, do not be distracted by talking, watching TV, reading or working on the computer. This will reduce the risk of burns or mechanical injury.

Treat your teeth in a timely manner by choosing a certified clinic equipped with modern diagnostic and treatment equipment with qualified dentists.

Dental prosthetics should also be carried out only in a medical institution that guarantees the high quality of manufactured dentures.

Monitor the correct formation of the dental system in children in order to avoid the need for orthodontic treatment in the future.

Useful video about gum disease

Wound on the gum - causes, treatment, prevention

A wound on the gum is a very unpleasant phenomenon that can significantly complicate life.

From gum pain to bad breath.

Its causes can be either mechanical damage or infection in the oral cavity.

Causes

The reasons for this may be the following factors:

incorrect tooth extraction when the gum is damaged by a medical instrument;
brushing your teeth with too hard a brush or eating hard foods;
In young children, the cause may be mechanical damage from sharp objects that they put in their mouths.

In addition to wounds on the gums, inflammation may also occur.

The main reasons for this are:

mechanical gum injuries;
improper oral care;
stomatitis and gingivitis.

If the wound is not treated, it can cause serious infectious complications. Such as the appearance of tartar, rough growth.

The gums may separate a few millimeters from the teeth and fester. And if all this is not treated, then you can eventually lose the tooth.

Dental diseases, which are characterized by the appearance of wounds on the gums, include stomatitis.

The forms of its manifestation can be different, as well as the treatment that follows their appearance.

So, let's look at each of them:

Catarrhal form occurs most often. It is characterized by: swelling, redness and swelling in the affected area, white or yellow plaque, pain.
Ulcerative the form is more severe than catarrhal. It can be either an independent form of the disease or an advanced case of catarrhal form. The temperature rises to subfebrile levels, and acute pain is typical.
Aphthous. The cause of the aphthous form may be gastrointestinal diseases. Aphthae form on the affected areas - small wounds, the temperature rises.
Candidal stomatitis– this is a consequence of either a fungal infection or long-term use of antibiotics. White cheesy deposits on the oral mucosa are characteristic.
Herpetic form caused by the virus of the same name. Rashes in the form of blisters.

After wisdom tooth removal, your gums may still be bothersome for some time. How much your gums hurt after wisdom tooth removal depends on the complexity of the operation.

If there is a lump on your gum that hurts when pressed, only a doctor can help you get rid of it. What is it and what methods are used to treat it, read on.

Due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, women may experience gum pain. How to avoid this and how to treat it if the problem makes itself felt - more on that in the next topic.

Main types

The main cause of sores in the mouth is stomatitis. There are several types of it:

chronic stomatitis appears with constant biting, malocclusion, poorly made dentures;
chemical stomatitis is caused by the appearance of burns in the oral cavity as a result of exposure to chemicals and drugs;
allergic stomatitis occurs when the body is sensitized to various allergens;
fungal stomatitis appears when affected by microspores of candidiasis, etc.

How to treat

To cure wounds on the gums, it is necessary to rinse the oral cavity with different solutions and tinctures:

Soda solution. To prepare it you will need a teaspoon of salt and soda. They need to be diluted with a glass of warm boiled water and rinsed with this.
Rotokan. You can buy it at the pharmacy, it is a herbal infusion with alcohol. At night, you can moisten a cotton swab and apply it to the wound. In two or three days everything will pass.
Chlorhexidine. Wash the wound with the solution twice a day.
For children, wounds are lubricated with an oil solution of vitamin B12.

The pharmacy also sells gels such as Metrogyl, which will quickly relieve inflammation and heal a wound on the gum.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies suggest rinsing with herbal infusions, propolis and sea buckthorn oil.

Sea buckthorn oil or vitamin A, purchased at the pharmacy, eliminates inflammation quite quickly. Everything will heal in a few days.
Take pine or spruce branches, chop them, mix them with oak cuttings and pour the resulting mass with alcohol. Leave for 12 hours, and then rinse your mouth day and evening. The wound will heal quickly.
Rinsing the mouth with a decoction of chamomile and marigold in a 1:1 ratio helps a lot. Place in a saucepan, add a glass of boiling water and simmer over low heat for 15-20 minutes.
Inflamed gums can be lubricated with 10% propolis tincture, purchased at a pharmacy or made independently. With its help, you can kill the entire infection and at the same time strengthen your gums.

The phenomenon of red gums can occur with pathologies such as gingivitis, periodontal disease and even leukemia.

Pharmacy vitamins for teeth and gums are given in this review.

Prevention

To prevent the occurrence of wounds, the following recommendations should be followed:

treat your teeth on time by visiting a dentist;
take vitamins and products to boost immunity;
prevent oral injuries whenever possible;
Maintain daily oral hygiene.

Video on the topic

Cuts and scratches on the gums: how and with what to treat?

Gum tissue has a very delicate structure that is easy to injure and damage. With high immunity, they are quickly restored, and damaged areas are healed. But any scratch requires mandatory treatment, because when bacteria enter, serious inflammation begins. The wound causes pain and discomfort and threatens problems with teeth and other parts of the oral cavity. Such symptoms cannot be ignored, so as not to encounter dental diseases and pathologies in the future.

Cut on gum photo

Causes of scratches on the gums

Periodontal tissues and hard parts of the periosteum are reliably covered with a mucous membrane - soft gums. This is a large area in the mouth responsible for blood supply and nutrition to the roots of the teeth. It is penetrated by tiny capillaries and nerve endings, so damage is always painful and unpleasant. Based on their condition, the doctor visually determines the health of the entire mouth and identifies possible foci of inflammation and disorders.

Even a small scratch on the gum is a reason to visit the dentist. After all, on the tongue and the inner surface of the cheeks there is always an active microflora, consisting of hundreds of species of bacteria, fungi and spores. Some of them are classified as opportunistic. This means that when they penetrate soft tissue, they can disrupt the processes inside the periosteum and lead to periodontal infection.

Often, a scratch on the gum appears due to poor hygiene or due to other trivial reasons:

Using a toothbrush that is too hard. Sharp villi, when pressed, can rub and injure the delicate mucous membrane, which leads to irritation and microscopic damage.
Chewing foreign objects. This may include toothpicks and matches, pen caps or pencil tips. If you move carelessly, it is easy to scratch your gums and create a painful wound. Often the problem occurs in children who unknowingly pull various surrounding objects, tools and toys with sharp edges into their mouths.
Violations of technology when filling or removing teeth. A dentist in a hurry can touch the soft periodontal tissue with a needle or drill, or accidentally catch them when installing a prosthesis. The patient does not notice the unpleasant moment, because his jaw is anesthetized with potent drugs.
Damage to the mucous membrane when chewing too hard food: candies and grilled sweets, crackers, seeds.

In most cases, such a wound on the gum hurts only a few minutes after application, and the unpleasant discomfort gradually subsides. Under favorable conditions, it quickly becomes covered with a layer of healthy epithelium and disappears without a trace after a few days.

Complications after a cut on the gum

Deep cut on the gum photo

Sometimes after an injury, a person may notice pain at the site of the scratch. The gums become very swollen, small bumps appear, making it difficult to chew, and aching discomfort and burning occurs. A mark forms near the base of the tooth, which is surrounded by inflamed tissue. Redness and increase in volume are noticeable to the naked eye. You should immediately contact your dentist if you experience the following symptoms of exacerbation and inflammation:

The scratch becomes white and rises above the surface of the gum.
Cloudy contents or ichor ooze from the wound.
The pain becomes tugging or throbbing and spreads to other areas of the jaw.

Most likely, a pathogenic infection or harmful microorganisms got into the cut on the gum, and a purulent inflammatory process began. This point cannot be left unattended: infected exudate can penetrate the root of the tooth, disrupt blood circulation in the periodontium and lead to the formation of acute gingivitis, pulpitis or other complications.

In addition, the person has constant pain, which prevents him from sleeping normally, preventing him from eating and smiling. A characteristic sign of inflammation is an acute reaction to certain foods: pepper, salt, spices or vinegar. The wound begins to itch more, pull and burn, practically does not heal and continues to increase in size. It can cause stomatitis and rashes in the mouth.

How to treat an inflamed scratch on the gum?

Dentists do not recommend self-medication and delaying a visit to the dentist’s office. The specialist will assess the complexity of the situation, select the optimal medications and help prevent the development of sepsis or gingivitis. If the wound does not heal well and causes discomfort, it should be carefully treated with special ointments with an antiseptic effect:

These drugs contain many complex components, therefore they effectively eliminate pathogenic microflora in the oral cavity, improve the condition of the mucous membrane and restore its elasticity.

If a white scratch has formed on the gum, we are talking about suppuration of the upper layer of periodontium. This cannot be done without a little surgical help. To prevent the inflammatory fluid from harming the roots of the teeth, the dentist carefully opens and thoroughly cleans the wound. It not only removes accumulated exudate, but also treats the cut with mild topical antibiotics.

At home, the patient will have to continue treatment with rinses. You can purchase one of the following products at the pharmacy:

Folk remedies

If you receive a wound on your gum, you should not wait for unpleasant consequences. It’s better to start preventing inflammation right away. To do this, it is not necessary to use powerful pharmaceutical antiseptics. It is enough to use simple recipes from traditional medicine based on herbal ingredients. They rarely cause side effects and do an excellent job with non-healing scratches on the mucous membrane.

The following formulations quickly and easily eliminate redness and burning due to infection:

Calendula tincture diluted with plain water. The wound is thoroughly rinsed with it and applied as a compress to the jaw.
A piece of propolis: it is used to prepare an alcohol infusion. A soft cake is also made from a natural component, which is left on the inflamed area of the gum for half an hour several times a day.
Chamomile flowers and sage leaves mixed in equal proportions. From these plants you can prepare a decoction that will become an excellent antiseptic, help remove purulent contents and complement the main traditional treatment.
A mixture of dried St. John's wort, oak bark and flax seeds will improve the microflora and remove the cause of infection in the oral cavity.

To speed up treatment, the patient will have to switch to soft or highly chopped food, and temporarily give up hot seasonings and sour pickled foods. The correct choice of hygiene products will help to avoid the recurrence of scratches on the gums: a high-quality toothbrush and toothpaste, rinsing solution. It is important to give up such a bad habit as smoking and increase local immunity, which will be able to resist any infection in the future.

If you are planning an implantation or removal of a cyst, be prepared for the fact that the dentist will have to cut into the gum. When an unerupted or incompletely erupted wisdom tooth is removed from the gums, an incision is also inevitable.

After surgery, complications such as swelling, bleeding, and aching pain are possible. The reasons include decreased immunity, infection in the mouth, or improper care during the postoperative period. Therefore, the best thing you can do is to remember and follow all the doctor’s recommendations.

Tumor (edema)

As a rule, swelling occurs after the removal of a wisdom tooth with an incision in the gum. This is a typical reaction of the body to surgery. However, in some cases, the tumor reaches gigantic proportions, and the cheek or lip swells greatly. This is a clear sign of alveolitis (inflammation of the socket); in this case, it is necessary to urgently visit your doctor!

Heat

An increase in temperature to 37–37.5 degrees is also considered normal. However, if the thermometer shows more than 38 degrees, then most likely an inflammatory process has begun. You need to contact the doctor who performed the operation. You may be prescribed a course of antibiotics.

Pain

Pain occurs immediately after the anesthetic wears off (after an hour and a half). Soreness is a reaction to damage to nerve endings with a surgical scalpel. To temporarily alleviate the condition, it is recommended to take a tablet of Ketanov, Pentalgin or Analgin. The pain will gradually subside after 3-4 days.

Bleeding

Excessive bleeding may occur due to damage to the vessel during the injection of the anesthetic, increased capillary fragility, or high blood pressure in the patient.

What stops bleeding? Immediately after the gum incision, the doctor applies a hemostatic sponge and, when the bleeding stops completely, sutures the wound.

If heavy bleeding starts at home, you need to make a thick tampon from a sterile bandage and apply it to the wound. You can also apply a piece of ice to your cheek for 3-5 minutes.

But if this doesn't help, call an ambulance.

is an inflammation of the periosteum (dense tissue covering the jaw bone). This complication is a consequence of infection of the gums, after which the infection penetrates deeper and deeper, affecting the periosteum. In the area of inflammation, pus accumulates and a painful lump forms. With flux, a loosening incision is made in the gum (opening the abscess) and drainage is installed to drain the purulent exudate.

Complication after gum incision - gumboil (periostitis)

How gums heal

After surgery, connections between tissues and cells are disrupted. The healing process is the formation of new physiological and anatomical connections between them.

Healing includes:

Formation of a blood clot - forms within 5-10 minutes after surgery and serves as a protective barrier against infection and harmful microbes.
Formation of granulation tissue - within 3-4 hours the production of granulation tissue (young connective tissue) begins.
Epithelization and collagen formation lasts up to 7–10 days and is sometimes accompanied by slight itching.
Regeneration and maturation - the wound “heals” after 2–3 weeks, but complete healing of the fibers requires several months.

when you arrive home, you just need to lie down and relax;
you cannot eat or drink for 3 hours;
for 3 days after surgery, you should not open your mouth too wide, or eat hard or hot foods;
limit emotional and physical stress;
hot baths, visiting the sauna, and exercising in the gym are prohibited;
It is advisable to completely stop smoking and drinking alcohol for a week.

Remember: under no circumstances should you apply hot compresses or burn the wound with alcohol, iodine or brilliant green. It will only get worse!

A dental surgeon can prescribe applications of wound healing and antimicrobial ointments (Cholisal, Solcoseryl, Stomatofit, etc.). To strengthen general immunity, you can take immunomodulating agents and multivitamin complexes.

How to rinse your gums after an incision?

Any rinsing should be done strictly as prescribed by the doctor. Usually the doctor recommends rinsing the mouth with a saline solution, a decoction of chamomile, calendula or sage (at room temperature), they have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect.

Ready-made antiseptic solutions from the pharmacy - Chlorhexidine or Miramistin - are also suitable.

Attention: after removing a tooth with a cut in the gum, you should not rinse your mouth during the first 24 hours, as this can damage the integrity of the blood clot!

If you feel that gum inflammation has begun after surgery, or notice pus discharge, do not delay your visit to the dentist! In emergency cases, you can contact the doctor on duty at the state clinic; he can even see you at night. You can find the nearest institution on our website.