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In today’s article we will look at such a pathological human condition as neurosis, as well as its causes, symptoms, types, diagnosis, treatment with traditional and folk remedies and the prevention of neurosis. We also invite you to participate in the discussion of this condition. So…

What is neurosis?

Neurosis (neurotic disorder, psychoneurosis) is a destructive condition caused by prolonged stressful situations that cause exhaustion of the nervous system, accompanied by changes in the psycho-emotional state, decreased performance, obsessive thoughts, hysteria and asthenic manifestations.

The term "neurosis" was coined by the Scottish physician William Cullen in the twentieth century. Since that time, this term has undergone various interpretations and until today has not received an unambiguous interpretation.

Neurosis is the most common mental illness in the world. According to WHO, over the past 70 years the number of people suffering from neuroses has increased 25 times. According to unofficial data, much more, because not all people seek medical help.

Of course, wars, impoverishment of the population of various countries, media that deliver bad news to almost anywhere on earth, an increase in the number of various diseases, an increase in the number of natural disasters, and terrorist attacks are not in vain. People are more and more susceptible from year to year, which ultimately leads to neuroses.

There are many reasons for neurosis, from an unforeseen tragic situation to daily fatigue and lack of sleep. Let's take a closer look:

- constant mental or physical overload (chronic fatigue, lack of healthy sleep and work-rest regime);

- emotional distress (unfavorable family situation, dissatisfaction with life or work that is associated with constant stress);

- indecisiveness (inability to solve problems, lack of independence in decision-making and persistence in overcoming difficulties);

— vulnerability (emotional instability, uncertainty);

— various diseases, injuries;

- bad habits (addiction to alcohol, smoking and drugs).

Symptoms of neurosis

Among the main signs of neurosis are:

• causeless emotional stress;
• increased fatigue;
• or a constant desire to sleep;
• isolation and obsession;
• lack of appetite or overeating;
• weakening of memory;
• (long lasting and suddenly appearing);
• and fainting;
• darkening of the eyes;
• disorientation;
• pain in the heart, abdomen, muscles and;
• hand trembling;
• frequent urination;
• increased sweating (due to fear and nervousness);
• decreased potency;
• high or low self-esteem;
• uncertainty and inconsistency;
• incorrect prioritization.

With neurosis, a person becomes irritable over little things, unpredictable and sensitive towards himself.

Types of neuroses

Main forms of neurotic disorders:

Obsessive-compulsive neurosis. This type of neurosis is formed according to the mechanism of a conditioned reflex and is manifested by involuntary fears, doubts, frightening memories, aggravating thoughts, anxiety, apprehensions, and repeated actions that reduce anxiety.

The cause of this type of neurosis is a conflict between a person’s desires (needs or aspirations) and the inability to fulfill them. This type of neurosis can also happen when, for example, a person once forgot to do an important thing (close the door, turn on the water tap, turn off the iron, etc.) or suffered a fright. And after that, he checks 100 times whether the iron is turned off, and, leaving the house all day, he worries and doubts...

Hysterical neurosis. Hysteria occurs in people of a certain type, who are characterized by such signs as: selfishness, demonstrative behavior, frequent mood swings, increased emotionality, very high suggestibility and self-hypnosis. Hysterical neurosis can begin to manipulate people around him, but in the end, he himself suffers from his own hysteria, which is expressed in the following symptoms: emotional reactions (tears, screaming, laughter, etc.), forgetfulness, increased sweating, convulsions, impotence, loss of sensitivity, blindness, deafness, loss of consciousness, hallucinations, etc.

Also, people with this form of neurosis may threaten to commit suicide and, often, actually try to do so.

Neurasthenia. It is the most common form of neurosis. It is also called fatigue syndrome. It occurs as a result of exhaustion of the nervous system due to prolonged mental or physical overload (work that constantly keeps you in suspense, lack of sleep, lack of rest, stressful situations, conflicts, tragedies).

It manifests itself as uncontrollable excessive irritability, increased fatigue, lethargy and depression, impaired concentration, sweating, heart rhythm disturbances, gastrointestinal disorders, sleep disorders, impotence.

There are many other forms of neurosis. Some of them arise in certain conditions and at a certain age, others under the influence of a traumatic situation:

• Informational;
• School;
• Traumatic;
• Postpartum;
• Social;
• Hypochondriacal;
• Cardiophobic;
• Motor;
• Fright neurosis;
• Anticipation neurosis;
• Neuroses of internal organs, etc.

Diagnosis of neurosis

To diagnose neurosis, the doctor examines the patient and conducts a survey, analyzes complaints and studies the anamnesis. Further, the presence of organic diseases of the nervous system is excluded.

To diagnose neurosis, various special questionnaires and techniques can be used (for example, choosing colors, pictures, etc.).

The treatment tactics for neurosis depend on the form of neurosis, severity, age and gender of the patient. For some, it is enough to remove the irritating factor, change their lifestyle, or simply go on vacation to recover.

The main method of treating neurosis is psychotherapy. But, to strengthen the nervous system, the use of physiotherapeutic methods and sanatorium-resort treatment may be prescribed.

It is very important to normalize the work and rest schedule; if possible, physical and psycho-emotional stress should be avoided.

Also for the treatment of neurosis and accelerated recovery from this disease, M.I. Pevzner developed a special diet -. This diet is also prescribed for other disorders of the nervous system.

Remedies for neurosis

Patients with neurosis are often prescribed general health-improving medications (complexes with vitamins, and are especially necessary).

If neuroses are caused by overwork, then additional medications are prescribed that improve metabolism and blood supply to the brain.

For neurasthenia and depressive neurosis, adaptogens are prescribed - preparations based on Rhodiola rosea.

Sometimes I may be prescribed:

Antidepressants: tricyclic (Melipramin, Saroten, Tryptisol), herbal (Gelarium, Deprim), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (Zoloft, Prozac, Seroxat, Cipramil).

Antidepressants are used for all types of neurosis, but only on the recommendation of a doctor, because each of them is a narrowly targeted remedy and is also not compatible with other medications or food products.

Tranquilizers:"Adaptol", "Gidazepam", "Phenazepam". They are used for hysterical neurosis, phobias and obsessive-compulsive neurosis.

Important! Antidepressants and tranquilizers are prescribed only by a doctor. These drugs for neurosis should not be taken by children. They also have many contraindications and side effects.

Important! Before using folk remedies for treating neurosis, be sure to consult your doctor!

Nuts. Mix nuts and eat this mixture.

Grape juice. If you are overworked and tired, take 2 tbsp every 2 hours. spoons of fresh grape juice. It's both tasty and effective.

Milk with yolk. For 1 glass of hot milk, add 1 yolk (homemade egg) and sugar to taste. Drink the product hot.

Valerian. 1 tbsp. Pour a spoonful of crushed root into a thermos and pour 1 cup of boiling water. In the morning, strain and drink 1-2 tbsp several times a day. spoons.

Mint. Pour 1 cup boiling water over 1 tbsp. spoon Let it brew for 40 minutes and strain. Drink a cup of warm decoction in the morning on an empty stomach and in the evening before bed.

Mint and lemon balm. Take 50 g of leaves and mint. 2 tbsp. spoon the mixture, pour 0.5 liters of boiling water, cover with a lid and let brew for 30 minutes. Strain, add honey (to taste) and drink in small portions throughout the day.

Peony tincture. You can buy it at the pharmacy. Take 30-40 drops (1 teaspoon) in the morning 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 30 days, then a break of 10 days is required, and can be repeated (if necessary).

Black radish. In the evening, cut out the middle of the radish and fill it with honey. In the morning, drink the resulting juice.

Bath with valerian. Take 60 grams of root and boil for 15 minutes, leave to brew for 1 hour, strain and pour into a bathtub with hot water. Take 15 minutes.

Massage. With a relaxing massage, blood circulation improves, the body receives relaxation and rest.

Prevention of neurosis

To prevent neurosis, follow these recommendations:

— maintain a work-rest schedule (don’t overexert yourself, take advantage of vacations, rest on weekends);

- eat right (eat more vegetables and fruits, dairy products, give preference to boiled or baked dishes rather than fried);

— take vitamins, especially in the winter and spring;

- give up bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs);

Video about neurosis

In today's rapidly changing world, the human body is daily exposed to stress, everyday problems, and conflict situations. Such a collision of opposing goals, interests and opinions can lead to the development of special functional states - neuroses.

The term “neurosis” includes a whole group of neuropsychic disorders that have a conflict-related origin. They are formed as the consequences of a person’s changed attitude to the world around him, negative perception, non-recognition of personal positions and views.

Neuroses and neurosis-like conditions are reversible, however, the lack of correction, as well as the inadequacy and untimeliness of its implementation, can preserve the clinical manifestations of the pathology for many years and significantly reduce the patient’s quality of life.

Causes

Neurotic disorders are classified as diseases whose etiology is represented by multifactorial components. Such disorders are based on complex psychological, biological and social mechanisms of pathogenesis. A psychotraumatic situation serves only as a reason for their initiation.

Neuropsychiatric disorders are formed under conditions of exposure to prolonged or severe stress, mainly in individuals predisposed to their development. Persons with excessive dominance of certain character traits are susceptible to neuroses. Such features cause a decrease in a person’s resistance to psychogenic influences and complicate adaptation in a number of situations. Such aspects of character are laid down in childhood if the educational process suffers (there is overprotection, protectiveness, intimidation, suppression of independence, deprivation of one’s own initiative, contradictory demands, and so on). Under the influence of a psychotraumatic situation, the patient experiences a psychological conflict that he is unable to resolve, and the adaptive abilities of the brain are disrupted.

The essence of pathogenesis comes down to disturbances in the processes of inhibition and excitation in the nervous tissue, resulting in disorders of higher nervous activity. In addition, dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex system is important. Interhemispheric relationships and suprasegmental parts of the autonomic nervous system suffer. Additionally, neurotransmitter disorders are diagnosed (the exchange of catecholamines and dopamine changes).

Clinical features

Neurotic personality disorder has its own clear characteristics that make it possible to differentiate it from pathology that has an organic nature. Typical for neuroses is:

• reversibility of disorders, independent of their duration;
• psychogenic nature of the disease\
• the predominance of emotional-affective and vegetative-somatic disorders in the clinic.

Also, neurotic disorders are characterized by a high percentage of the spread of the disease among women, as well as persons with predisposing accentuated character traits. The peak incidence occurs in young working age from 15 to 25 years.

Classification

The main clinical forms of neurotic disorders allow a more complete assessment of the typical mechanisms of pathological perception and analysis of external conflict-generating influences. In addition, the system for distinguishing psychogenic diseases guides the doctor on how to treat neurosis.

Traditionally, the following types of neuroses are distinguished:

• neurasthenia;
• hysteria;
• obsessive-compulsive neurosis.

In addition, the group of general neuroses separately includes depressive and hypochondriacal neurosis, as well as anorexia nervosa.

The classification of neurotic disorders according to systemic criteria is based on the main functional systems involved in the clinical picture of the disease, and, accordingly, how psychogenic pathology manifests itself. According to this distribution, neurotic disorders can manifest themselves in the form of stuttering, neurotic tics, enuresis and encopresis. Characterological neuroses can arise on the basis of accentuated personality traits and form pathocharacterological reactions and behavioral disorders.

Neurasthenia

The most common neurotic disorder, characterized by increased irritability, pathological fatigue and exhaustion. In most cases, the disease is the result of nervous or mental stress at work. A typical manifestation of neurosis is an excessive response to surrounding events with unrestrained emotions combined with asthenization of the body as a whole. Patients cannot control their emotions and are prone to sobbing. They experience feelings of melancholy and hopelessness, constant dissatisfaction with themselves, and become exhausted extremely quickly. In addition, neurasthenics are characterized by symptoms of damage to the autonomic nervous system (tachycardia, instability of blood pressure, and temperature during neurosis may be noted).

The psychological basis of neurasthenia is the contradiction between the individual’s potential and the patient’s inflated demands on himself.

Hysterical neurosis

Hysteria is a consequence of mental trauma. Clinical manifestations of neurosis include both neurological and mental symptom complexes. Acute hysterical neurosis is manifested by the following neurological signs:

• movement disorders (hysterical hyperkinesis, gait disturbances, paralysis, hysterical paroxysms);
• sensory disturbances (hysterical anesthesia and pain syndromes, as well as hysterical deafness and blindness);
• speech disorders (hysterical aphonia, mutism, stuttering, chanting).

Mental manifestations of the disease are more complex behavioral in nature. These include:

• hysterical stupefaction - a transient state of disorientation in time, space and one’s own personality with a lack of reaction to others;
• hysterical fugue - a sudden and aimless flight from home, work or other place;
• pseudodementia – ridiculous behavior and answers to adequate questions;
• puerilism - imitation of the behavior of children (talking in a thin voice, distorting words, hysterical apraxia);
• hysterical depression - demonstrativeness of suffering and experiences.

In addition, there may be somatic symptoms of hysteria, reminiscent of manifestations of a variety of diseases that a person does not actually suffer from. However, neurosis must necessarily be a diagnosis of exclusion. It is legitimate to establish the presence of hysteria only in the absence of signs of organic pathology.

Hysterical neurosis develops against the background of an individual’s unreasonably high demands on others, along with a lack of criticism of his own behavior and state as a whole.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

The most rare type of neurosis. Neurotic syndromes consist of obsessive fears, concerns, doubts, memories and actions. This disease affects people with pronounced anxious and suspicious character traits. Even a minor psychotraumatic factor for them can become a reason for the formation of psychogenic symptoms.

Obsessions manifest themselves in the form of:

• obsessive fears (phobias);
• obsessive thoughts (obsessions);
• obsessive actions (compulsions).

Phobias are not a protective emotional reaction of the body. Their formation has successive stages and proceeds gradually. Initially, obsessive fear occurs when certain circumstances occur that act as a psychological trauma for a person. Subsequently, this reaction is consolidated in response to similar situations and then appears at the mere thought of what happened. The most common types of phobias include:

• Fear of space (open - agoraphobia, closed - claustrophobia);
• Nosophobia (fear of disease);
• Zoophobia (fear of animals, birds, insects);
• Social phobias (fear of loneliness, society, public speaking, judgment of others, and so on).

As a rule, a person suffering from obsessive-compulsive neurosis has one subtype of phobia.

Obsessive thoughts are painful for the patient and arise against his will. Despite attempts to resist them, they constantly return to the patient in a stereotypical form. Most often, obsessive thoughts manifest themselves in the form of unmotivated desires and doubts. A person feels the need to perform some rituals (for example, to stand only on his left foot or to count all the windows in brick houses for no reason), and is also constantly preoccupied with thoughts about whether he did the right thing, whether he did everything.

Obsessions give rise to obsessive actions - repeated stereotypical behaviors. They can take on the form of protective rituals, which, according to patients, protect him and loved ones from dangerous situations.

The common features of all obsessions are stability, systematicity and the inability to get rid of them. The patient is critical of the manifestations of the disease and recognizes obsessions as a painful condition for himself. However, phobias, obsessions and compulsions arise in addition to the desire of the neurotic to resist them.

Diagnosis and treatment

Identifying neuroses presents some difficulties due to the presence of subtle forms of the disease and symptoms similar to a number of other diseases. It must be remembered that neurosis is a diagnosis of exclusion! Therefore, any neurotic reactions require a thorough examination of the patient to exclude organic neurological and/or somatic pathology. Diagnosis of neuroses comes down to a conversation between the patient and the doctor, as well as passing a series of neuropsychological tests.

Treatment of neuroses involves determining the primary role of neutralizing the causes of the disease. For this purpose, home and work routines are normalized, physical and mental stress is reduced, and psychotherapy is used. All this is aimed at the psychological adaptation of a person and allows one to purposefully influence the psychogenic factor and actively resist it.

One of the main criteria for rational psychotherapy for neuroses is the validity of presenting the essence of the disease to the patient. A psychotherapist or neurologist must explain to the patient and his loved ones in an accessible form what neurosis is and how to cure it. A clear understanding of one’s own condition reliably increases the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic correction.

Drug correction is resorted to in extreme cases, when systematic long-term and complex psychotherapy for neuroses has not produced results. When choosing a drug treatment strategy, it is necessary to remember that clinical symptoms and treatment of neuroses are directly related to each other. However, the selection of drugs, frequency and duration of administration are carried out only according to the recommendations of the attending physician. The most commonly used pharmacological agents are neuroleptics, tranquilizers, sedatives or stimulants, and vegetative correctors.

Neuroses, as one of the variants of diseases of civilization, are increasingly found among the population due to increasing urbanization, information overload and an increasing number of stressful situations. Its widespread prevalence among young people of working age places neuroses among a number of medical and social problems. Working with individuals who have character traits predisposing them to the development of neuroses is the basis for effective prevention of neurotic disorders. Difficulties in diagnosis and the specificity of methods for correcting borderline pathology determine the importance of further study of the definition and treatment of the disease.

Man lives in a world that cannot be called utopian. If we put aside any aspirations and desires of a person, then he at least has to deal with his survival. The world itself forces a person to survive: to get food, to protect himself from other living beings and rough phenomena. However, a person is also a social being who is attracted to social life, begins to desire something, set goals and achieve them. All this often leads to neuroses, which have their own causes, signs and forms of manifestation, as well as methods of treatment.

The psychological help website calls neurosis an abnormal state of the psyche, which is marked by the following manifestations:

1. Hysteria, irritability.
2. Asthenia, weakness, fatigue.
3. Obsessiveness of ideas or actions.
4. Inability to perform work for a long time, both physical and mental.

You can give a whole list of reasons due to which neurosis develops, which is often not noticed by people and is attributed to diseases of the body. First of all, we want to focus on the fact that a person lives in the real world, in which he must adapt in such a way as to feel harmonious, whole and happy. If this does not happen, then neurosis may develop.

A person’s inability to adapt to the surrounding world is associated with a person’s inability to accept the surrounding reality. If you are unhappy with the position you occupy, change it! You are not a tree to stay in one place. And any of your excuses, like “I can’t”, “it doesn’t work”, “doesn’t make sense”, are just excuses for your inaction. But if they can still affect people, then you will not influence life itself in this way. If you do nothing, then nothing will change, no matter how you justify your inaction.

Say no to your dissatisfaction and yes to your strong desire to change. You are not a tree, not a house, not a stone to lie in a place where you don’t like. You are given the whole world to choose what suits you. But this can only happen when you stop just being dissatisfied and start taking action to change something in your life.

You can say that you don’t have the capabilities, conditions don’t allow it, or there are some other interfering factors. Do you think that fate immediately gave successful people all the cards in their hands, without subjecting them to trials and difficulties? You are mistaken if you hope that fate itself will find a “warm place” for you, transport you and place you there. She won't do anything for you! Therefore, all these excuses that you find in response to your inaction are those interfering factors that separate you from your dreams. Start doing at least something, and not just sit on a “stump” and complain that there are no “bananas” around you.

Every person gets what they deserve. And if you are in a position that does not suit you, then you deserve it. But if you want, you can achieve more and better. However, all this depends only on you and your actions and desires. If you just whine and complain, your life will not change. But once you start taking action, overcoming difficulties and going boldly towards your goal, you will deserve a better place than you are now.

What is neurosis?

Neurosis is a mental state of a depleted nervous system, which manifests itself in a number of unpleasant symptoms. Neurosis is a rejection of the surrounding world, a person’s desire to live in a fairy tale, while the surrounding world constantly returns him to reality. Neurosis is internal dissatisfaction with the existing state of affairs. Moreover, the person is not only dissatisfied, but also does nothing to change what he does not like, which can be called helplessness.

Neurosis is an internal imbalance when a person does not feel satisfied, happy, complete, harmonious, which is facilitated by many factors, such as:

1. The world is not the way we would like it to be.
2. A person does not live up to his inner ideals.
3. A person does not live the way he would like.
4. A person cannot cope with his problems, which constantly remind themselves of themselves.
5. Constantly facing stressful situations.
6. Forced to do hard work.
7. Lack of proper rest both daily and throughout the year.

Neurosis can be called an “internal wound” that a person does not heal. At first, it could arise due to the difficult external circumstances in which the person found himself, and then it began to grow, fester, and even lead to sepsis, since the person did not get rid of the unfavorable situation or plunged even deeper into it.

Neurosis is a progressive disease that includes many somatic and psychological symptoms.

Causes of neurosis

The causes of neurosis are:

• Prolonged emotional experiences.
• Mental overload.
• Difficult life circumstances.
• Inability to solve your personal problems.
• Pathologies of central nervous system development.
• Intoxication and any diseases of the body that deplete its resources.
• Neurotic disorders.

The main cause of neurosis is a person’s inability to adapt to the world in such a way as to internally feel self-sufficient, complete and happy. If harmony within is not achieved, then the person becomes constantly dissatisfied. Every year his discontent grows more and more, which leads to a serious imbalance.

Signs and symptoms of neurosis

Signs and symptoms of neurosis are conventionally divided into mental and somatic:

1. Psychiatric symptoms include:

• Diffidence. As a result, the person does not set any goals and feels inferior.
• Indecisive fatigue. Efficiency decreases, laziness and reluctance to do anything develop.
• Anxiety.
• Inadequate self-esteem.

1. Somatic signs include:

• Heart pain in any position.
• Vegetative-vascular dystonia: tremors of the limbs, sweating, loss of consciousness with fainting, anxiety, body pain.

Other signs of neurosis are:

• Emotional distress.
• Indecisiveness.
• Communication problems.
• Tearfulness.
• Irritability.
• A sudden change in mood, which happens often.
• Touchiness, vulnerability.
• Feelings of fear, anxiety, anticipation of something bad.
• Panic disorders and phobias.
• Sharp reaction to sounds and bright light.
• Contradiction of desires, life values.
• Obsession with a situation that is traumatic.
• The desire to quickly get your work done, which further leads to fatigue and decreased results.
• Aggression and despair as a reaction to stress.
• Headaches and heartaches.
• Inadequate self-esteem.
• Disturbed sleep.
• Increased fatigue.
• Decreased libido.
• Dizziness and darkening of the eyes from pressure changes.
• Stomach ache.
• Loss of appetite.
• Violation of the vestibular apparatus.
• Increased concern for your health.

Forms of neurosis

Neurosis includes a complex of disorders, among which the following forms are distinguished:

1. Neurasthenia, which first manifests itself in irritability, then progresses to decreased performance and ultimately to lethargy, fatigue and weakness.
2. Hysterical neurosis in the form of paresis, paralysis, etc.
3. Obsessive-compulsive neurosis.
4. Depressive neurosis.
5. Hypochondriacal neurosis.

Are you comparing your life to someone else's? Do you think that another person's appearance is more beautiful than yours? Is your child not doing as well as his classmates? One of the habits of people is comparison. To understand how well you live, your qualities are ideal, your family is happy, a person begins to compare himself with others. It is not the person himself who determines the quality of one or another aspect of his own life, but rather compares whose aspect is better.

There is nothing wrong with this as long as constantly comparing yourself to others does not lead to stress. You are nervous that you are not as perfect and good as others. Your life is not as successful and rich as others. You are comparing. But what feelings are experienced afterwards? If you set out to improve your quality of life, which is inferior compared to others, then you give in to feelings of excitement and drive. If you're upset about the worst performance in your life, it can lead to neurosis.

Constantly worrying that you are not living as well as others, thereby developing various disorders within yourself. You will get nothing but a bad mood, mental illness and loss of strength. For what purpose do you compare yourself to others? First, decide on your goals so as not to “dig a hole for yourself.”

The fact that you live worse than others does not mean that you are bad. It also does not indicate that other people owe you anything or are sinners. Everyone gets what they put their effort and time into. You can live the way you already live. Able to improve the quality of their life. In any case, if you compare, it is not with the goal of being upset about your own poor state, but with the goal of changing or understanding how you can still live.

How to treat neurosis?

Treatment of neuroses primarily involves psychotherapy (in particular cognitive therapy) in order to identify the causes of the disease and eliminate them. Here the psychotherapist directs all his efforts to change the person’s system of views on the situation that causes neurosis in him. It is often necessary to work through several problems at once, since neurosis is based on general dissatisfaction with life and oneself, and not on a specific unfortunate incident.

In rare cases, medications are prescribed in the form of antipsychotics, tranquilizers, nootropics and antidepressants. You can also resort to traditional medicine, which suggests using soothing herbs in tea.

In the most ideal scenario, you need to eliminate all stress and conflicts from life in order to bring your consciousness to an adequate state. After all, neurosis is an inadequate perception of the world and everything that happens in it, due to the fact that a person does not accept something, denies something, or lives in his own fairy-tale world.

A habit formed in childhood makes people constantly dissatisfied with themselves. Perhaps you are faced with such a situation. Then you are not as beautiful as you would like. Then you are not as young as you were before. Then you have not achieved any success as you dreamed of. Being dissatisfied with oneself is a habit that is formed in people by their parents, educators and teachers. And in adulthood, beloved partners, bosses, society as a whole, and even strangers are involved in this process.

How to stop being dissatisfied with yourself? You need to see how you are used to criticizing yourself. As a child, you were criticized by your parents, teachers and educators. As an adult, you are criticized by your loved one, your boss, passers-by, and just everyone who is not too lazy. You are used to the idea that you are “somehow different.” And when you are alone with yourself, you continue to throw stones at yourself, as other people do.

Being beaten is a habit. First you are beaten by your parents and teachers, and then by the whole society. Beating means not only physical, but also verbal violence. Criticism is hitting another person with words. If you have been criticized since childhood, then you are already accustomed to being beaten. If other people don’t do this, then you do it yourself, that is, you criticize yourself, because it’s unusual for you to be healthy and unbeaten.

What exactly makes you unhappy?

• Are you ugly? Who defines this beauty? Someone once told you something so stupid, and you believed it.
• Are you poor? Is this why you should now humiliate yourself?
• Are you old, not so energetic and young? Why not take advantage of your advanced age for the benefits it gives you?

From their very childhood, people are instilled with the idea that they need to achieve something, have some specific qualities and external data in order to finally be satisfied. Sorry, but people are born different, everyone has different talents, physical characteristics and qualities. Why should different people become the same? Why should you be and live like a carbon copy, like other people?

The biggest stupidity is the idea that age determines a person's capabilities. Like, from 18 to 30 years old you have a chance to succeed in something, and if you couldn’t achieve something, then you don’t even have to try to do it if you’re already over 40. This only limits you, again makes you criticize yourself, get nervous and “go grey” ahead of time. As long as you are alive and have all the tools to achieve what you want, you can achieve a lot. And it doesn't matter whether you are young or old. It is not your age that should determine your capabilities and lifestyle, but your desire and readiness.

Prevention of neurosis

To ensure that neuroses never bother a person, you need to adhere to prevention:

1. Normalize your work and rest schedule.
2. Get more emotional and mental rest.
3. Have a strong belief system that is consistent with the real world.
4. Eliminate all conflicts with other people.
5. Eat right to saturate your body with vitamins.
6. Eliminate all diseases of the body.
7. Work in a well-lit area.

Bottom line

Neuroses are common to many people, but their manifestations do not make them sick. This is why people often suffer from neuroses all their lives, never realizing that their illnesses are a reluctance to adapt to the real world.

Neurosis (or neurotic disorder) is a neuropsychic disorder manifested by various psycho-emotional, somatic and behavioral symptoms. It occurs quite often and is a reversible disorder of the nervous system. It develops as a result of prolonged exposure to psychotraumatic factors, emotional or mental stress, often under the influence of infections and other diseases.

general information

The psychogenic nature of neurosis means that it is caused by the action of predominantly psychological factors (the experience of a neurotic conflict) and is associated with the activation of symptoms of the disorder in traumatic situations.

Psychogenic factors are external or internal conflicts, psychological trauma, or prolonged overstrain of the emotional and/or intellectual spheres of the psyche.

The clinical picture is characterized by a decrease in mental and physical performance, as well as asthenic, obsessive and/or hysterical manifestations.

The concept of “neurosis” was first proposed back in 1776 by the Scottish physician William Cullen, but to this day it is difficult to find another concept in medicine that is interpreted by various scientific schools in such a multi-valued and sometimes contradictory manner.

There is no official classification of neuroses. Traditionally, three groups of the most common forms are distinguished: obsessive-compulsive neurosis, hysteria, and neurasthenia.

As a rule, women are more susceptible to neuroses; they are more emotional, receptive, and sensitive than men.

Who suffers from neurosis and how?

Various psychoanalytic theories present neurosis and its symptoms mainly as a consequence of a person’s internal contradictions.

According to the traditional psychotherapeutic point of view, coming from the work of Freud, neuroses are generated by unconscious internal conflicts. These may be conflicts between two opposing desires or between desires and social norms of behavior.

Causes of neuroses:

Constant mental overload, for example, exhausting work that takes all your strength, or chronic stress due to problems in your personal life or other emotional experiences.
Severe exhaustion of the nervous system due to the inability to complete a task or solve a problem.
Workaholism or inability to rest.
An innate tendency to get tired quickly and then overwork.
Alcohol or drug abuse, smoking.
Diseases that debilitate the body (for example, influenza).

Separately, obsessive-compulsive neurosis is distinguished. All types of obsessive states are characterized by a recurring feeling of fear, apprehension, phobia of something and/or someone: certain objects, activities, situations. The conclusion about the presence of a phobia is made when this condition disrupts a person’s social and professional life.

Obsessive states appear when a person forgot to do something important (turn off the gas, close the door, feed the child, etc.) or experienced a state of fear (heights, stopping the elevator, defenselessness, etc.).

Simple phobias are constant unmotivated fears and/or the desire to avoid situations that can realize these fears (claustrophobia, agoraphobia, cancerophobia).

Social phobias are the fear of being in a difficult or humiliating position in society.

With obsessive-compulsive disorder, obsessive ideas, thoughts, and “orders” to perform this or that action are disturbing.

Hysterical neurosis is most often a defensive reaction of the individual to an insoluble situation. Hysterical neuroses more often occur in demonstrative individuals, with great suggestibility and self-hypnosis.

Neurasthenia (or fatigue syndrome) is considered the most common form of neurosis.

This mental disorder occurs in response to prolonged exposure to a traumatic situation and is accompanied by high human fatigue, exhaustion of mental activity against the background of excessive excitability and constant grumpiness over trifles.

Moreover, excitability and irritability are protective methods against the final destruction of the nervous system. The reason for this condition is the conflict between demands on oneself (usually excessive), desires, aspirations, needs of the individual and the inability to realize them for moral or other reasons.

This may be due to underestimation or ignorance of real conditions and/or the requirements of other people. People with a sense of duty and anxiety, as well as those who do not get enough sleep and are burdened with many worries are especially prone to neurasthenia.

How do I know if I have neurosis?

Anxiety is a common manifestation of neuroses. Many neurotic patients are often haunted by the fear of going crazy, or contracting a serious illness, fear of death, fear of people or animals.

This may be emotional anxiety - constant anxious thoughts about a specific event or anxious expectations and fears associated with any events; obsessive, anxious thoughts about past events. Physical anxiety is manifested by muscle tension, inability to relax, and a feeling of “twisting” behind the sternum. Motor anxiety - impatience, restlessness, need to constantly move to reduce anxiety; constant twitching of legs.

The main symptoms of neurosis are divided into mental and somatic. With neurosis, emotional disorders come to the fore.

Mental symptoms:

Emotional stress often manifests itself as obsessive thoughts and actions, experiences and anxieties that arise for no apparent reason.
Uncertainty or inconsistency of the value system, life desires and preferences, ideas about oneself, others and life, cynicism.
Decrease in vital activity, desire for any activity.
Unpreparedness for stressful situations and an acute reaction to them.
Possible development of phobias.
Indecisiveness.
Pathological fatigue, which is not relieved by rest and is unexplained by physical causes.
Sensitivity to sudden changes in temperature, as well as to bright light and very loud sound.
The appearance of complexes about one’s communication,
Inadequate self-esteem: overestimated or underestimated.
Also in need of treatment of neuroses are people who suffer from such phenomena as uncertainty or inconsistency, people who completely incorrectly set life priorities, and also determine their preferences.
Easily changeable mood depending on trifles. Severe irritability.
Tearfulness, touchiness, vulnerability
Sleep disorders.
“Fixation” on a traumatic situation.

Somatic symptoms:

Sharp headaches in the abdomen and heart.
Trembling in hands.
Frequent urination.
Quick fatigue with a small amount of work.
A sharp or gradual decrease in performance caused by drowsiness and darkening of the eyes.
The appearance of VSD (vegetative-vascular dystonia): palpitations, fluctuations in blood pressure (usually downward).
Vestibular disorders: difficulty maintaining balance, dizziness.
The appearance of sweating in acute forms.
Decreased libido and potency, exacerbation of prostatitis.
Any form of appetite disturbance (bulimia or food malnutrition, feeling hungry, but quickly feeling full when eating).
Sleep disorders: from insomnia to rapid descent into deep sleep. Sleep without a deep stage, shallow sleep, accompanied by early awakening. Feeling sleep deprived or having nightmares.
Severe emotional trauma caused by worry about one’s own health.
Psychological experience of physical pain (psychalgia).
Excessive concern for one's health, to the point of hypochondria. In this case, there is a “desire for illness.” This is manifested by excessive attention to one’s health, unreasonable anxiety about it, and a belief in the presence of a disease that is actually absent.

Obsessive-compulsive neurosis is manifested by numerous obsessions, especially often in the form of phobias. Among obsessive-phobic disorders, agoraphobia, claustrophobia, fear of transport, public speaking, and others predominate.

General neurotic symptoms are also present (irritability, frequent flinching from surprise, trembling hands, frequent urination, increased fatigue, sleep disturbances, autonomic disorders).

Obsessive-compulsive neurosis, compared with other neuroses, shows a much more pronounced tendency towards a protracted course.

The clinical picture of hysterical neurosis can be reduced to several groups of painful manifestations:

Inappropriate behavior. People with hysterical neurosis are characterized by increased affectivity, impressionability, suggestibility and self-hypnosis, mood instability and forgetfulness. Their interpersonal relationships appear “energetic” on the surface, but in reality they are superficial. They try to give the impression of very busy, significant, influential personalities who are the center of events. Some of them threaten to commit suicide and often actually try to do so.
Autonomic disorders: high/low blood pressure, shortness of breath, tachycardia, arrhythmia, sweating, etc.
Movement disorders: convulsive seizures (without loss of consciousness and bruises), transient paresis and Hysterical neurosis is often accompanied by transient blindness, deafness, loss of smell or taste.
Sexual disorders (impotence, decreased libido).

Neurosis can also manifest itself from stamping feet, pulling out hair to rolling on the floor in convulsions. In this way, the patient receives certain benefits and can manipulate both his loved ones and strangers.

So capricious children, deprived of attention, try to attract the attention of their parents to themselves, a hysterical wife can in this way achieve the desired thing from her husband, etc. When a person, falling into hysteria, gets what he wants, the behavior is consolidated and becomes a personal characteristic. Moreover, women are more prone to such mental disorders.

Manifestations of neurasthenia (asthenic neurosis):

Autonomic disorders: heart rhythm disturbances, high/low blood pressure, gastrointestinal disorders, increased sweating).
Increased excitability, mental and physical fatigue, exhaustion of the nervous system.
“Irritable weakness”: excessive irritability, lack of restraint, impatience.
Attention disorders, impaired concentration.
Constant feeling of internal tension.
Mood instability, often depression.
Sleep disorders (difficulty falling asleep, early awakening, restless sleep, nightmares).
Sexual dysfunction (eg, decreased sexual desire, impotence).

What can neurosis lead to?

Neuroses lead to severe disability - up to the inability to perform any work. In addition, the irritability and intolerance of patients becomes the cause of conflicts with loved ones, which further aggravates the situation. With neurosis, first of all, the patient’s quality of life suffers, he feels unhappy.

With neuroses, hysterical states, depression may occur, and panic attacks or panic disorders and accompanying phobias may also occur.

How to protect yourself from neurosis?

Don't accumulate negative energy, give it an outlet. If something bad happened, you don’t need to “just forget,” but rather get rid of it and talk about it with someone. The main thing is not to overwhelm yourself and overload your psyche.

To prevent the development of neurasthenia, it is recommended to alternate work with proper rest and walks in the fresh air, and maintain a daily routine. If it is impossible to eliminate the impact of a traumatic situation, you can do some simple activity that will help distract you from negative thoughts.

Increasing self-esteem, confidence in your importance, developing independence and independence from others will help you avoid obsessive-compulsive neurosis.

To prevent attacks of hysterical neurosis, temporary isolation of a person from others is useful.

What should I do if I have neurosis?

Neuroses are successfully treated. Treatment includes medications, a course of restorative therapy, as well as drugs that calm or stimulate (depending on the stage of the disease) the nervous system.

When treating neuroses, the state of a person’s internal organs is first examined. After diagnosis, the complex of treatment measures includes drugs that regulate the functions of body systems. This is especially important in the treatment of systemic neuroses and phobias associated with the activity of the heart.

Vitamins should not be neglected; the nervous system requires increased amounts of vitamins A, B, C, PP. It is useful to consume more vegetable oil, vegetables and fruits. Avoid spicy foods and alcohol.

If the cause of neurosis is overwork, it is necessary to restore the energetic abilities of the nervous system. For this purpose, drugs are indicated that improve blood supply and metabolism in the brain. Treating sleep disorders will help restore normal functioning of the nervous system.

Treatment of neuroses should also be psychotherapeutic. The doctor strives to ensure that the patient understands his contradictions and builds as accurate a picture of his personality as possible.

The most intensive form of psychotherapy is psychoanalysis, and group therapy is also popular. In this case, patients are grouped into small therapeutic groups, in which the psychotherapist plays a leading role.

It is important for someone suffering from neurosis to learn relaxation techniques - as a result, he will be able to regulate his psycho-emotional state.

Try to be rational about what is happening. If it is a serious, vital problem, then it is worth focusing on it and trying to solve it. And if the problem is not worth a damn, there is no need to get stuck on it. Learn to control your emotions!

It is important to clearly define life goals and objectives and set priorities. It is important to stimulate the will to live by offering a person tasks that lie outside his professional sphere. You need to set a goal and work hard towards it.

Neuroses are a collective name for reversible psychogenic disorders. Despite the fact that this group of nervous system pathologies has been studied for a long time, a clear definition for them still does not exist.

Neuroses in adults are characterized by a reversible and not very severe course, which distinguishes them, in particular, from psychoses. According to statistics, up to 20% of the adult population suffers from various neurotic disorders. The percentage may vary among different social groups.

Signs of neuroses in adults are various kinds of asthenic or hysterical manifestations. In most cases, they are accompanied by a decrease in performance (both physical and mental). Patients with neurotic conditions fully retain a critical attitude and control over the situation, i.e., they are aware that their current condition is not normal.

Causes of the development of neuroses in adults

The most common cause of the development of neuroses is sufficiently prolonged physical and (or) physical activity. Their intensity can be quite moderate, but a person has practically no opportunity to rest. Such stress factors can be, for example, family problems, conflicts with co-workers, or an irrational work schedule.

Important:neuroses are more often observed in those people whose nervous system is not able to function normally for a long time under conditions of increased stress. In particular, the pathologies of this group are characteristic of the so-called. “workaholics” who are constantly busy with work and don’t know how to relax at all. For this category of patients, nervous breakdowns are almost inevitable.

What are the types of neuroses in adults?

According to one of the common classifications, neuroses in adults are divided into:

• phobias that arise under certain conditions;
• phobias not related to specific circumstances;
• neuroses of obsessive states (or movements);
• reactive neuroses;
• neurasthenia (psychosomatic disorders);
• hysterical neuroses (conversion disorders).

Fear can arise in situations that do not actually pose a threat. However, a person with a phobia may fear dying or going crazy.

With neuroses, some people try to avoid traveling on certain types of transport or do not leave home at all. This same group of disorders includes social phobias, in which a person may fear increased attention from others or be afraid of “losing face.” Some fears are caused only by strictly defined situations. The patient may have a panicky fear of the sight of blood, the dark, or some animals. Phobias are often accompanied by somatic manifestations; symptoms of such neuroses in adults are hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), hyperemia (redness) of the facial skin, urge to urinate and nausea.

Phobias are not always associated with specific circumstances. In some cases, with neuroses in adults, vague fear for loved ones or oneself appears. Such phobias in most cases manifest themselves less acutely, but the patient develops a depressed state.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by stereotypical and constantly recurring thoughts or urges to do something. A common manifestation of this kind of neuroses is the obsessive need to turn off the water or electrical appliances and once again check the locks when leaving the room.

Obsessive movement neurosis in adults often represents a kind of ritual in which a person, for example, bypasses obstacles only from a certain direction. Individual movements and actions are irrational; They do not make life easier, but complicate it. A patient with such a neurotic state is well aware that certain stereotypical actions are devoid of any meaning and tries to get rid of the habit, but, as a rule, attempts are unsuccessful and lead to the development of a depressed state.

Important:It is important to distinguish neurosis of obsessive movements in adults from motor anxiety, which is manifested by restlessness and twitching of the legs. The patient needs constant physical activity to somewhat dampen the feeling of anxiety.

Reactive neuroses arise as a response to severe stress or significant situational disturbances. The severity of the manifestations of such neurosis depends on the lability of the patient’s nervous system, as well as on the nature, strength and duration of exposure to the external factor. A person may be haunted by intrusive memories of an unpleasant event for a long time. Some, on the contrary, have partial amnesia, due to the fact that the consciousness tries to “erase” traumatic events from memory. Patients often withdraw into themselves, minimize contact even with very close people and show virtually no emotions. Situational disorders are caused by problems with adaptation to certain new conditions after a change of job, the loss of a loved one, or vice versa - the birth of a child. This disorder is characterized by depression, unmotivated feelings of anxiety and severe dissatisfaction with oneself. In many cases, reactive neuroses in adults gradually disappear after some time on their own.

Hysterical neurosis is a conversion mental disorder in which there are disturbances in perception, memory, or even self-identification. Disorders of the nervous system may manifest as loss of hearing or vision, which are in no way related to diseases of the sensory organs. Short-term loss of consciousness, convulsions and retrograde amnesia are possible. Some patients with hysterical neuroses develop an inexplicable urge to wander.

Psychosomatic disorders refer to various pathologies caused by... Patients with neurasthenia may experience disturbances in the functioning of the heart or gastrointestinal tract. Itching, coughing, hiccups and frequent urge to urinate often occur. One of the manifestations of neurasthenia is hypochondria, that is, a panicky fear of getting sick or an unfounded belief that the disease has already developed.

Symptoms of neuroses in adults

Clinical manifestations of the nervous system

People suffering from neuroses often experience:

• mood instability;
• a feeling of self-doubt and the correctness of the actions taken;
• overly expressed emotional reaction to minor stress (aggression, despair, etc.);
• increased sensitivity and vulnerability;
• tearfulness and irritability;
• suspiciousness and exaggerated self-criticism;
• frequent manifestation of unreasonable anxiety and fear;
• inconsistency of desires and changes in the value system;
• excessive fixation on the problem;
• increased mental fatigue;
• decreased ability to remember and concentrate;
• high degree of sensitivity to sound and light stimuli, reaction to minor temperature changes;
• disorders .

Note:Sleep disturbances are very characteristic of a number of neurotic conditions. A person's sleep becomes superficial and does not allow the nervous system to recover at night. During the day, on the contrary, drowsiness and lethargy are noted.

How does neurosis physically manifest in adults?

Autonomic disorders that are often found in neuroses include::

• cardiac dysfunction (palpitations, tachycardia);
• digestive disorders;
• increased sweating;
• hyperemia or pallor of the skin of the face;
• dry mouth or hypersalivation (increased salivation);
• tremor of the limbs (shaking in the hands);
• increase or decrease in blood pressure;
• dizziness and headaches;
• chest pain;
• chills or feeling of heat;
• frequent urge to urinate;
• disorders of the vestibular apparatus;
• decreased sex drive;
• Erectile dysfunction in men.

Important:Many somatic manifestations are characteristic of short-term episodes of severe discomfort, which are called “panic attacks.” Their regular repetition in some cases leads to the development of panic disorder.

Treatment of neuroses in adults

General principles of treatment

The choice of treatment tactics directly depends on the nature of the disorder and the severity of clinical manifestations, as well as on factors such as the gender and age of the patient. Relatively mild disorders of the nervous system often end in spontaneous recovery, that is, the patient’s condition returns to normal without any medical assistance. As a rule, this happens when the irritating factor disappears, or the lifestyle changes.

How to treat neuroses in adults if the nervous system cannot cope with them on its own can only be determined by an experienced psychologist (psychotherapist) after talking with the patient and collecting a detailed history. In such cases, an individual approach is very important, and complex therapy is required.

The main method of treatment is psychotherapy. The results of treatment are better visible if the neurotic state is not disguised as somatic diseases, and mental changes have not become personality traits.

To strengthen the nervous system, the use of physiotherapeutic methods and sanatorium-resort treatment may be indicated. It is important to normalize the work and rest regime. A patient with neurosis should, if possible, avoid both physical and psycho-emotional stress.

How to cope with neurosis with the help of medications?

Patients with neuroses are prescribed general strengthening medications that help the body cope with physical and mental overload. These, in particular, include complexes including vitamins A, B, C and PP. To reduce feelings of anxiety and normalize sleep, sedatives are recommended, preferably of natural origin (in particular extracts of valerian and motherwort). Of the synthetic drugs, Glycine is often prescribed. To strengthen the psyche, it is recommended to take antidepressants, for example, Amitriptyline. For neuroses that develop due to overwork, it is advisable to take medications that improve metabolism and blood supply to the brain. One of the most effective tranquilizers for neuroses is Afobazole.

Note:psychotropic medications for neuroses in adults can be prescribed only for severe disorders!

To regulate autonomic functions, if indicated, the use of drugs from the groups of anticholinergics, cholinomimetics, adrenergic agonists and ganglion blockers is justified.

Important: any medications must be prescribed by the attending physician; self-medication can lead to worsening of the condition.

Prevention of neuroses in adults

Like most diseases, neuroses are easier to prevent than to cure. Prevention of these nervous disorders involves minimizing occupational hazards and creating the most comfortable living conditions. The exclusion of a psychotraumatic factor is one of the most important conditions. In many cases, at the first manifestation of characteristic symptoms, a good rest is sufficient for the patient. A good effect can be achieved by a temporary change of scenery.