Most of women's knowledge about how pregnancy begins ends at the stage of ovulation and fertilization. Actually, the success or failure of the planning cycle is attributed to the fateful “meeting” of male and female reproductive cells. However, in the development of new life in a woman’s body, there is another difficult and important point - embryo implantation. In order to increase the personal literacy of planning ladies, this issue should be given special attention.

A little theory

Implementation fertilized egg into the uterus called implantation. The embryonic villi penetrate the lining of the uterus, which may cause minor bleeding.

In order for implantation to be successful, several conditions must be met:

• lush three-layer endometrium with a high content of substances that nourish the embryo;
• high amount of progesterone in the body (so that the embryo can develop and menstruation does not begin);
• normal microflora in the body.

The process of fertilization and development of the fertilized egg- not one-time. And each stage is important for the onset of a normal pregnancy and the formation of a healthy fetus.

Timing of implantation

After ovulation and the meeting of the egg with the sperm, the fertilized zygote begins to move through the fallopian tubes. Its task is to get into the uterus as quickly as possible in order to gain a foothold in the endometrium specially prepared for this. Along the way, the zygote continuously divides and grows. In progress blastocyte implantation and it happens.

Conventionally, we can distinguish between middle, late and early implantation.

• Early. It is quite rare. Usually, implantation that occurs 6-7 days after ovulation (or 3 dpp - 4 dpp if we are talking about IVF)
• Average. Between fertilization and implantation there are 7-10 days ( embryo implantation after transfer occurs approximately on day 4-5). Doctors say that it takes about 40 hours for Morula to penetrate, after which the body begins to produce the hormone hCG in the blood, which increases basal temperature. Based on this, the so-called embryonic period of development, which lasts until approximately 8 weeks of pregnancy.
• Late. Occurs approximately 10 days after fertilization. This is what always gives women at least a faint hope of a possible pregnancy - even when you can hardly expect it anymore.

If pregnancy does not occur for a long time, then you need to be examined to identify the cause of infertility.

Subjective and objective signs

Both in natural and artificial cycles, women are very excited and want to quickly lift the veil of secrecy - is there a pregnancy or not? They start collecting symptoms and sensations, trying to find some kind of relationship with reality in my well-being. Experts have adopted a simple classification as a basis, according to which all signs can be divided into subjective and objective.

Subjective:

• pulls in the stomach;
• discharge;
• changes in mood, emotional lability;
• tingling in the uterus after ovulation;
• feeling tired, etc.

Girls may even note that after IVF my stomach hurts like before my period. In this case, there is no clear certainty yet, such pain may indicate both the onset of pregnancy due to successful implantation, and the approaching end of the cycle - and the beginning of a new one.

Objective:

• the basal temperature increases after the transfer (after a slight drop in the natural cycle);
• body temperature after transfer may also increase from 37 to 37.9 degrees;
• detection of the hCG hormone in urine and blood.

In this case, it is necessary to distinguish between the levels of pain, the abundance and richness of discharge, and the increase in body temperature. Sometimes what is passed off as signs of fertilized egg implantation, are symptoms of some other disease. If you are in doubt whether your feeling 5 dpo signs fetal implantation or not, it is better to consult a doctor.

Embryo development by day after IVF

If everything is more or less clear with the natural cycle, then the question is, on what day does embryo implantation occur in a successful protocol? remains open. We present to your attention a daily table:

0 DPP - carry ( cryotransfer)

1DPP- blastocyte emerges from the membrane

2DPP- attachment of blastocytes to the wall of the uterus

3DPP- implantation begins

4DPP- implantation of the morula into the uterus continues

5DPP- end of implantation

6DPP- the placenta begins to produce hCG

7DPP- active increase in hCG levels

8DPP- HCG continues to rise

9DPP-10 DPP- hCG levels reach the minimum of pregnancy tests

Approximately 11th day ( 11-12 DPP) after the transfer, it is possible to draw conclusions about whether there was successful IVF.

We trust nature

Women re-read tons of literature, trying to find the ones 5 dpo sensation or 6 dpp sensations, which would indicate implantation and, accordingly, the onset of pregnancy. Actually, expectant mothers begin to worry whether it worked or not 3 DPO.

This question is equally of concern to girls who have undergone the IVF procedure. Alleged embryo implantation after IVF They try to catch it by minimal changes in the body and well-being. The Internet is replete with queries like “ 5 dpp three days», « 4 dpp of five-day days", « 7 days of five days”, with the help of which women look for positive stories.

It is a bitter disappointment that there is not even a hint of a second page on Day 8 or menstruation after embryo transfer. But in fact, the answer to the question of why doesn't the embryo take root?, there may be an objective situation of natural selection. The non-viable fetus was rejected, giving way to healthy offspring.

In fairness, it is worth noting that if such rejection is repeated constantly, then this is a reason for a full medical examination. The reason for the failure of a long-awaited pregnancy may be male infertility.

Implantation is a critical point, because the blastocyte is perceived by the woman’s body as a foreign object due to the presence of male genes in the cell. The speedy and successful introduction into the endometrium and the onset of a normal healthy pregnancy depend on how well the defense mechanisms of this cell work.

A woman's menstrual cycle stops when she becomes pregnant, so patients after IVF are concerned about bleeding after the procedure. When the embryo implants into the uterine cavity, the blood vessels are damaged, which can cause bleeding. This suggests that bleeding after IVF may be a sign of pregnancy. Particular attention should be paid if bloody discharge appeared on the 16th day after transplantation. Blood clots may appear before and after checking your hCG levels.

Bloody discharge in the first week - implantation bleeding

Blood after IVF in the first week is called implantation bleeding. Such discharge also occurs during natural fertilization. In order not to be confused with menstruation or discharge of a different nature, you need to evaluate the volume and color. Implantation bleeding is small, spotting, light pink in color and normally lasts no more than 2 days. Mucous, homogeneous discharge of a small amount is a variant of the norm. Implantation bleeding can be accompanied by nagging abdominal pain, breast engorgement and nausea. Curd and flavored ones appear when an infection occurs and a gynecological disease develops.

Implantation bleeding occurs when an embryo implants into the wall of the uterus. This provokes rupture of blood vessels and the appearance of discharge. The blood volume can be different and depends on which IVF protocol was chosen: with or without stimulation. It is a bad sign if bleeding begins on the 15th day after embryo transfer.

If you notice spotting after IVF, be sure to see your doctor. The causes may be pathological conditions such as a frozen pregnancy, placental abruption, or even the threat of miscarriage.

Causes

Bleeding may occur during pregnancy. If blood clots appear on panties, it is necessary to find out the cause.

The appearance of bloody discharge can become symptoms of:

• Pregnancy;
• Serious hereditary disease of the fetus;
• Progesterone deficiency;
• Ectopic pregnancy, including tubal pregnancy;
• Violation of the timing of hormone intake;
• Severe stress and emotional tension;
• Infectious or inflammatory disease of the reproductive tract.

Physical activity or a sedentary lifestyle can provoke bleeding in a pregnant woman. Drug use, alcohol intake and smoking can cause blood to appear. Usually the appearance of discharge with blood coincides with the date of the onset of menstruation, so it is necessary to differentiate whether it is pregnancy or pathology. In any case, the woman is prescribed an hCG test. Even if pregnancy is confirmed after the hCG test, bloody discharge may appear for another two weeks. Just like during menstruation, discharge may be accompanied by abdominal pain.

If the bleeding is profuse and appears in the 9th week of pregnancy or is accompanied by severe pain, there is a reason to call an ambulance; at this point, physical activity should be avoided.

If pregnancy develops against the background of stimulation after IVF, menstruation may occur. In this case, the cycle begins with a delay of 8-9 days after embryo transplantation. This condition may indicate a hormonal imbalance in the body of the expectant mother and should be reported to the attending physician. Treatment for such a symptom depends on the cause, which must be diagnosed by a doctor. Timely consultation with a doctor will increase the chance of maintaining pregnancy.

What to do with blood after IVF?

If there is bleeding after IVF, this may be a sign of pregnancy or unfavorable implantation. Regardless of what kind of discharge is observed, if blood appears, you should consult a doctor. If you find bloody discharge, you must follow several rules:

1. Do not panic. Blood clots may be a variant of the norm; a bad mood of a pregnant woman can aggravate the situation;
2. If blood appears in the first week after transplantation, it is accompanied by characteristic symptoms of pregnancy. And the discharge is small in volume, smearing scarlet-red in color, then you need to visit a doctor who conducts an eco protocol;
3. If the discharge is large, bright red, or appears 16 weeks after the transplant, the woman needs to call an ambulance.

In order for your pregnancy to go well, you should not delay visiting a doctor, as there is a danger of placental abruption, miscarriage or hormonal imbalance. The doctor must identify the cause of the bleeding and prescribe therapy if necessary. To make sure that the embryo has attached, an ultrasound and hCG test are prescribed. If the hCG test is negative, but your period is still delayed, this rules out pregnancy.

To find out when to get tested for hCG, watch the video:

It must be remembered that during IVF, some patients experience spontaneous abortion due to pathology of the reproductive system. In this case, the chance of successful fertilization increases with the next attempt at artificial insemination.

First aid

If bleeding occurs at home, the woman needs to remain calm. At this moment, it is better to take a lying position, refuse physical activity, and do not lift heavy objects. To relieve panic and stabilize your mood, it is recommended to drink weak herbal tea that has calming properties.

In most cases, after the transfer, the woman, according to the doctor’s recommendations, should stay at home for a week. If you notice bleeding at work, you should stay home and take care of your health and your baby.

Many children have already been born through IVF, but many women who have decided to take such a step are worried about whether menstruation after embryo transfer is dangerous? It’s difficult to say for sure, and an hCG test is required. Of course, periods after IVF may not be periods at all, but bleeding, which is bad. There is also spotting on days 6–8 after replantation, which indicates hormonal instability, but still successful conception; the discharge indicates attachment of the fetus to the endometrial walls. IVF is similar to the symptoms of pregnancy, i.e. when it is meant that menstruation occurs during conception as if through the fetus, then this also happens after embryo transfer.

Still, when deciding to undergo IVF, women have to face many difficulties. A lot of time is devoted to preparing for the procedure and carrying out treatment. The hormonal background is unstable and synthetic substances, when entering the body, can, of course, lead to cycle failure. Although, when menstruation appears before embryo transfer, the procedure should be postponed, since the endometrium must return to normal, that is, be loose and quite thick in order for the embryo to attach well. A woman should gain strength and patience before a long and not always justifiable procedure.

Discomfort and the appearance of menstruation often occurs 7–8 days after embryo transfer. But it’s too early to panic. Smearing like this does not always mean lack of success. Doctors recommend listening to your body in the first days after IVF and, of course, in addition to believing in luck, not overloading yourself with physical work, resting more, and putting sex life aside for a while.

What happens when an embryo is implanted into the uterine cavity?

After embryo transfer, the woman remains under the supervision of doctors in the first weeks in order to avoid harm to the process itself while staying at home in excessive worry and fear that suddenly nothing will work out. But women’s fears are not always justified.

It is on the 8th–9th day after embryo transfer that heavy bleeding may begin, which only indicates implantation (fixation) of the embryos. Even the appearance of menstruation at this period, which cannot be considered late. Nevertheless, the discharge must be monitored. There is no cause for concern if they leak slightly, are minor and completely painless. If there is heaviness in the abdomen, swelling of the mammary glands, nausea, drowsiness, then there is a high probability of pregnancy, so it is too early to panic. It is best to seek help from a doctor.

Why does bleeding occur?

After embryo transfer, bleeding may well begin, and this does not mean that menstruation is the reason for the embryo’s failure to survive. It happens that a woman has overworked herself, which should not be allowed during replanting and she needs to be careful. Or the reason lies in the lack of progesterone or other hormones in the body. Of course, the risk of miscarriage is huge. If there are:

• heavy bleeding;
• heaviness in the stomach;
• if you feel pressure in the lower abdomen, as during menstruation, it is better to consult a doctor.

Although the symptoms should not cause panic, since the uterine cavity after the manipulations of doctors can be injured and any improper movement of the woman, namely lifting weights, excessive zeal can lead to painful sensations in the lower abdomen and minor bruising.

This is the norm. This condition can last up to 12-14 weeks, and there is no need to worry about it. In order to be sure whether pregnancy has occurred or IVF has not worked, it is necessary to take a blood test for hCG on an empty stomach. A regular pregnancy test from a pharmacy can be erroneous.

It is normal even when bleeding occurs in the first 2–3 months after embryo transfer, but the lower abdomen should not hurt, and only moderate discharge is acceptable. On the other hand, an attempt to get pregnant may be unsuccessful when menstruation begins on the 7th–8th day after embryo transfer and the reasons for this are:

• development of the inflammatory process in the cervix;
• reduced quantity and quality of sperm and eggs;
• the presence of bad habits in a woman after embryo transfer, drinking alcohol, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle;
• genetic incompatibility when taking biomaterial from partners;
• severe growth of the endometrium outside the uterus;
• the presence of low quality blastocysts or genetic defects.

What complications can there be?

Only 40% of women manage to get pregnant after IVF. But in most cases, even during conception, complications often occur, which interferes with the further normal course of pregnancy.

A tumor or intrauterine pregnancy may develop, requiring urgent surgery to remove the fallopian tubes. Or a frozen pregnancy, in the event that the embryo stops developing at a certain period. Unfortunately, such phenomena in the form of complications even after embryo survival occur frequently. Less commonly, women are diagnosed with hyperstimulation syndrome during pregnancy, due to disruption of the menstrual cycle after embryo transfer. The menstrual cycle goes wrong and periods are delayed, just 7–9 days after embryo transfer.

Menstruation may continue for several months in a row, but it changes in character, duration, and abundance. This is the norm. After such an artificial fertilization intervention as IVF, you may well have periods. Even in the case of a successful IVF attempt, with ovarian hyperstimulation,...

If there are no periods, then pregnancy is most likely occurring. Although, in order to make sure whether the procedure went well, it is important for women to undergo tests in a timely manner and undergo hCG, the results of which will show whether the long-awaited pregnancy has occurred.

On what day do you have your period after embryo transfer?

As a rule, menstruation occurs on the 6th day. When they appear, an attempt at in vitro fertilization, again, cannot always be considered unsuccessful. Eco is a rather complex procedure and many factors must be taken into account. Not many women manage to get pregnant on the first try, but you shouldn’t despair. If the discharge is pink and not abundant, then most likely it is, which means everything worked out. This only indicates the successful implantation and attachment of the fertilized egg to the walls of the uterus. When bleeding, women feel weak and feel some discomfort and this is normal.

But menstruation can also begin with a hormonal imbalance in the body, so it is important for a woman to remain under the supervision of a doctor even after the IVF procedure. Special medications may be prescribed to achieve balance and the required levels of progesterone and estradiol. It happens that spotting appears due to this imbalance and an urgent adjustment of the dosage of medications is necessary. Nevertheless, often the appearance of menstruation indicates rejection of the fertilized egg, when it is no longer possible to do without urgent hospitalization of the woman in order to maintain the ongoing pregnancy and retain the embryo in the uterine cavity.

What signs indicate that pregnancy has occurred?

Signs after embryo transfer are not much different from natural pregnancy. Possible appearance:

Symptoms only indicate pregnancy, intolerance to certain odors. Taste sensations change, nausea appears in the morning. Although these symptoms are indirect, and of course, they can be compared with premenstrual syndrome in women. When your period appears after embryo transfer, you can use a test strip that can be purchased at a pharmacy, but of course, it will not give 100% certainty about the onset of pregnancy. It is possible to conclude that the pregnancy is 100% successful only after taking an hCG test.

With eco-implantation, implantation can occur quite late, only on the 8th day, so spotting bleeding comparable to menstruation may well appear. But it's not the same thing. Implantation bleeding is light, faster, and somewhat different from normal periods.

The appearance of menstruation on the 10th day may indicate:

In addition, women’s perception of IVF as a failed attempt can provoke a hormonal surge in the body, leading to irritation of nerve fibers in the pelvic area, discomfort and enlargement of the uterus, and ultimately to bleeding.

After IVF, it is no exception if menstruation appears after embryo transfer. In case of non-fertilization, immobility of the egg or with blood clots from the genital tract. In such cases, you need to consult a doctor. Maybe there is still a chance of continuing the pregnancy.

If the embryo managed to survive and it implanted after replanting, then on the 10th day you can check the onset of pregnancy with a home test. By this time, as a rule, the level of hCG is already noticeably increased. If everything is normal, then the woman, as in a normal pregnancy, will undergo an ultrasound on day 21 to monitor the presentation and formation of the fetus.

Of course, the absence of menstruation is the first sign that everything went well. But even in the absence of pregnancy, menstruation may not occur due to hormonal imbalance, experienced unrest and surgical procedures carried out at the time of embryo placement.

After an unsuccessful attempt at IVF, your period may be delayed for 2-3 weeks, although most women say that they begin on time. The arrival of menstruation exactly on time only indicates the well-coordinated work of the reproductive system and the high probability that the next attempt at IVF will most likely be successful.

About brown discharge after embryo transfer (replantation) in IVF protocols

Most types of discharge after embryo transfer during in vitro fertilization are caused by changes occurring in the uterine cavity.

Brown discharge after embryo transfer are of blood origin. This is altered blood that has flowed from the endometrium and passed from the uterus, through the cervix, into the vagina. It often takes the form of brown streaks or inclusions.

How dangerous is brown discharge after embryo transfer?

Approximately 50% of women who have undergone successful IVF protocols experience their appearance. Brown discharge does not confirm the absence of pregnancy. The source may be a damaged small-diameter vessel in the implantation fossa.

Important! Discharge after embryo transfer in a successful protocol may be brown. You need to know and remember that medication support prescribed after the transfer cannot be canceled on your own.

Why does brown discharge appear after IVF?

Up to 14 days after the transfer, the appearance of brown discharge is considered as normal. In most cases, they are a symptom of embryo implantation.

But this does not mean that brown discharge after the transfer can be ignored. You should immediately report their appearance to your doctor. In addition to the fact of their appearance, pay attention to their quantity and smell. A favorable sign for pregnancy is their small amount in the form of smudges or streaks and the absence of odor. Often discharge of this color is accompanied by nagging pain in the abdomen.

On what day after embryo transfer in the IVF protocol is spotting likely to appear?

The time at which signs of implantation bleeding appear in the form of brown discharge depends on and. Normally, implantation initiates 5–6 days after the fertilization process, after. But in medicine there are such concepts as early and late implantation.

Reasons for appearance after 14 DPP and later

at 14 DPP and later occur due to the following reasons:

• Stopping the development of an already implanted embryo in the uterine cavity. This may occur due to which was formed during fertilization.
• Insufficient support. Its timely correction is your responsibility. If you and the reproductologist cannot influence the previous reason, then in this case everything depends on your efficiency. Timely measures are the key to maintaining the pregnancy.
• Rejection of a frozen embryo. This condition requires urgent surgical treatment; there is a high probability of uterine bleeding and infection with the development of inflammation.

What to do

If the color of the discharge changes, the first thing you need to do is notify your fertility specialist in any convenient way. Timely diagnosis will help avoid possible protocol failure, for example, in case of insufficient luteal phase support.

The most necessary examination in this case is ultrasound. With the help of research, you can find out what is happening in the uterus - implantation or rejection of the embryo. Depending on the result of the ultrasound examination, therapy is prescribed. Its type (outpatient or inpatient) and the choice of medications depend on the results obtained on ultrasound.

Attention! A change in the color of vaginal discharge from light cream to deep brown may be due to the use of hormonal drugs prescribed to support the second phase of the cycle - progesterone drugs.

Forecast

Brown discharge after embryo transfer can be a good or bad prognostic sign of pregnancy development after IVF. If they appear, you should take action and inform your doctor. The outcome of IVF depends on the timeliness of the measures taken.

Unfortunately, not all women can experience the joy of motherhood without seeking help from doctors. To get pregnant, some of them need to undergo complex and sometimes expensive procedures, including IVF (in vitro fertilization). During it, an egg artificially fertilized in the laboratory is transplanted into the uterine cavity and, naturally, the introduction of a foreign element causes a certain reaction in the body. In some cases, the embryo takes root normally, and sometimes not. And a very important indicator of a successful procedure is discharge after IVF. And a woman needs to constantly monitor their character. After all, if the body begins to reject the egg, they immediately change, which requires an immediate visit to the doctor, otherwise pregnancy will never occur.

Signs of successful in vitro fertilization

Artificial embryo transfer into the uterus occurs only 2–5 days after the egg is successfully fertilized in the laboratory. But, if during a normal pregnancy the female body begins to independently produce all the necessary hormones that ensure implantation of the embryo into the uterus and support its further development, then during artificial insemination the natural production of these hormones in the body does not occur. Therefore, before embryo transfer, doctors prescribe the woman a course of hormonal therapy, which helps prepare her body to receive the egg.

And it depends on how well the preparation was made that the attachment of the embryo to the walls of the uterus occurs within 7–14 days after its implantation. And if this process is successful, the woman may experience moderate pink or brown discharge. They indicate that the embryo is attached to the walls of the uterus and the further course of pregnancy is not in danger. The implantation period takes about 40–48 hours and during this time the woman may discharge a red or brown spot.

Moreover, approximately on the 12th day after a successful protocol, the expectant mother experiences:

• Pulling pain in the lower abdomen.
• General malaise.
• Iron taste in mouth.
• Frequent mood changes.
• Increased irritability.
• Changing taste preferences.

Important! The main sign that artificial insemination was successful is an increase in low-grade fever to 37.0–37.3 degrees.

However, before the fertilized egg attaches to the walls of the uterus, the first few days after embryo transfer during IVF, a completely different clinical picture is observed. The woman’s well-being remains unchanged, and during the first 5-6 days after the procedure, the nature of her discharge is as follows - it is transparent, can be liquid (watery) or mucous, has no odor and does not cause irritation in the intimate area. In general, they remain the same as before IVF. The only difference may lie only in their volume - the discharge becomes more abundant after the embryo is transferred to the uterus.

A week after artificial insemination, the nature of vaginal discharge changes again. They become much thicker and acquire a creamy consistency. The discharge may remain clear or white. This is also the norm and should not cause any worry for a woman.

Brown vaginal secretion

As already mentioned, brown discharge after embryo transfer on days 7–14 is completely natural. But what can their occurrence indicate at an earlier or later date? The appearance of a light or dark brown spot two to three days after IVF indicates that the woman did not tolerate the procedure well. The uterus was not fully prepared to receive the embryo and the appearance of such discharge may indicate a miscarriage.

If it begins to smear at a later stage, for example, in the seventh to ninth week of pregnancy, then this signals placental abruption, which also poses a serious threat to the further development of the fetus and leads to its death. In this case, the daub is always accompanied by nagging pain in the abdomen and a general deterioration in well-being. In this case, in order to avoid spontaneous miscarriage, the woman must undergo a course of medical therapy in an inpatient setting.

Bloody discharge

More often, vaginal secretions similar to menstruation appear after cryotransfer - the introduction of an embryo that was previously frozen into the uterine cavity. Such embryos take root extremely rarely, and therefore, after cryotransfer, many experience copious bleeding, indicating that the body has rejected the fertilized egg. This can happen on the third to fifth day after the procedure or later.

In addition, bleeding from the vagina after in vitro fertilization may indicate:

• Frozen pregnancy.
• Severe hormonal disorders in the body.
• A sharp decrease in progesterone levels.

In any case, the appearance of bloody discharge, even in small quantities, after artificial insemination should alert a woman. Especially if serious pathologies were previously diagnosed. After all, because of them, she may not tolerate the procedure well and lose the chance to become a happy mother. And to avoid this, any ailments and changes in the nature of vaginal secretions should be a serious reason to contact a specialist.

What other discharges occur after artificial insemination?

Before the embryo is transferred, the woman is prescribed five days of hormone therapy, during which eggs are “grown” on her ovaries. During their collection, special instruments are used, and if they are poorly sterilized or sanitary standards were violated during the procedure, this leads to infection of the genital organs. In practice, this is rarely recorded, but risks still exist. If infection has occurred, it is indicated by sudden yellow or green discharge with an unpleasant odor, causing severe discomfort in the perineum.

Also, in many women, during hormonal therapy, thrush begins to worsen. It is characterized by white, cheesy discharge with a sour odor, which also causes severe itching in the intimate area.

For all these conditions, it is necessary to take a course of antifungal or antibacterial drugs even before the embryo is transferred. Otherwise, the infection will penetrate the uterine cavity and cause the death of the embryo.

IVF and its risks

IVF is a very complex and serious procedure. It is not always successful. And the main sign that something has gone wrong is the appearance of spotting, gradually turning into bleeding and accompanied by severe abdominal pain. If you have such symptoms, you need to consult with a gynecologist and embryologist, since such a clinical picture indicates an unsuccessful embryo transfer or the presence of serious pathologies in the patient that began to develop after the course of hormonal therapy.

Common complications after IVF are the following conditions:

1. Miscarriage. Occurs, as a rule, in the early stages of pregnancy, at 4-6 weeks of the embryonic period, when the analysis for the determination of hCG shows a positive result. When a woman has a miscarriage, she experiences heavy bleeding, abdominal cramps and general malaise. In addition, bloody vaginal secretions may indicate the development of a frozen or ectopic pregnancy. And in order to identify the pathology in time and undergo the appropriate course of treatment, after the implantation of the embryo into the uterus, the woman needs to stay in the hospital for some time and follow all the doctor’s recommendations.
2. OHSS (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome). A common complication of IVF. The onset of this condition occurs during the period of a five-day course of hormonal therapy before egg retrieval. It is accompanied not only by the release of blood from the cervical canal, but also by the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, periodic bouts of vomiting, diarrhea, etc. OHSS is a dangerous condition that requires immediate treatment, otherwise the woman becomes infertile and repeated IVF will be impossible.
3. Ovarian torsion. Another dangerous condition that occurs after egg retrieval. It is characterized by an enlargement of the appendage, and we twist its legs, as a result, fluid begins to accumulate inside and necrotic processes develop in it. All this is accompanied not only by bloody discharge, but also by severe pain in the left or right side of the abdomen.

To avoid serious consequences after in vitro fertilization, a woman needs to prepare in advance for this procedure. She will need to give up bad habits, switch to a healthy diet and cure all existing diseases. And after the embryo is implanted into the uterine cavity, she needs to carefully monitor her well-being and, at the slightest deviation from the norm, immediately go to the doctor.