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Einstein was the author of more than 300 scientific papers, wrote 150 books and articles, and was an honorary doctor of about 20 leading universities, including the USSR Academy of Sciences. Theoretical physicist Albert Einstein, one of the founders of modern theoretical physics, was very impressive.

Proposal to be President of Israel

In 1952, Albert Einstein was offered the presidency of Israel. But he refused. Einstein explained his decision by his lack of experience and ability to work with people. Albert Einstein supported Israel; the scientist always defended the rights of all oppressed peoples.

Albert Einstein loved women

His first wife was Mileva Maric, who was terribly jealous of other women, but this did not stop Einstein. At the same time, he began dating his future second wife. His second life partner was his cousin Elsa Lowenthal. She was older and had also been married before. Albert Einstein was a famous scientist at the time and took other women to the house for the night. But Elsa Lowenthal perceived this condescendingly. In the morning she served him coffee.

Einstein gave up saving his life

On April 17, 1955, Einstein experienced an abdominal aortic aneurysm that could lead to internal bleeding. He was offered surgery, but Einstein refused to artificially prolong life. When the time came, he wanted to leave gracefully and naturally. He died the next day.

The brain and eyes of Albert Einstein

7 hours after his death, during a standard autopsy procedure, Dr. Thomas Stoltz Harvey removed Albert Einstein's brain. Thomas Stolz kept it for himself, despite the disagreement of his relatives. Afterwards, he lost his job and sent pieces of brain slices to scientists for research. He did not sell the brain, despite offers, but donated parts of the sections to scientists. In addition, Einstein's ophthalmologist Henry Abrams secretly cut out his eyes. This became known only in 1993. They are kept in a safe in New York to this day. Master Yoda from Star Wars has eyes inspired by Einstein.

Albert Einstein with the Nobel Prize and Leonardo DiCaprio with an Oscar

Einstein's work on his famous theory of relativity did not earn him a Nobel Prize. The story of Albert Einstein's Nobel Prize is reminiscent of Leonardo DiCaprio's story with the Oscar. Einstein was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics several times, almost every year. But his ideas were very revolutionary and the members of the prize still had their doubts. But a diplomatic move was found. In 1921, the prize was awarded to Einstein for his theory of the photoelectric effect, as well as “... and for other work in the field of theoretical physics.” All the money from the prize went to his first wife and children, as he promised her.

Albert Einstein's main passion was not science.

Einstein's main passion was not science. He couldn't imagine his life without music. He enjoyed music and the violin most of all. Albert Einstein always traveled with a violin. This was his main passion and joy.

The legendary scientist who created the theory of relativity remains one of the most mysterious figures in the scientific world to this day. Despite dozens of published biographies and memoirs, the truth of many facts in Einstein's biography is as relative as his theory.

Researchers had to wait many years to shed light on the scientist’s life. In 2006, the archives of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem made public previously closed correspondence between the brilliant physicist and his wives, lovers and children.

From the letters it follows that Einstein had at least ten mistresses. He preferred playing the violin to boring university lectures, and considered his closest person to be his adopted daughter Margot, who donated almost 3,500 letters from her stepfather to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem with the condition that the university would be able to publish the correspondence only 20 years after her death, Izvestia writes. .

However, even without the Don Juan list, the life of a brilliant scientist has always been of great interest both to people of science and to ordinary people.

From compass to integrals

The future Nobel laureate was born on March 14, 1879 in the German town of Ulm. At first, nothing foreshadowed a great future for the child: the boy began to speak late, and his speech was somewhat slow. Einstein's first scientific research took place when he was three years old. For his birthday, his parents gave him a compass, which later became his favorite toy. The boy was extremely surprised that the compass needle always pointed to the same point in the room, no matter how it was turned.

Meanwhile, Einstein's parents were concerned about his speech problems. As the scientist’s younger sister Maya Winteler-Einstein said, the boy repeated every phrase he was preparing to utter, even the simplest, to himself for a long time, moving his lips. The habit of speaking slowly later began to irritate Einstein’s teachers. However, despite this, after the first days of studying at a Catholic primary school, he was identified as a capable student and transferred to the second grade.

After his family moved to Munich, Einstein began studying at a gymnasium. However, here, instead of studying, he preferred to study his favorite sciences on his own, which yielded results: in the exact sciences, Einstein was far ahead of his peers. At the age of 16 he mastered differential and integral calculus. At the same time, Einstein read a lot and played the violin beautifully. Later, when the scientist was asked what prompted him to create the theory of relativity, he referred to the novels of Fyodor Dostoevsky and the philosophy of Ancient China, writes the portal cde.osu.ru.

Failure

Without graduating from high school, 16-year-old Albert went to enter a polytechnic school in Zurich, but “failed” the entrance exams in languages, botany and zoology. At the same time, Einstein brilliantly passed mathematics and physics, after which he was immediately invited to the senior class of the cantonal school in Aarau, after which he became a student at the Zurich Polytechnic. Here his teacher was the mathematician Herman Minkowski. They say that it was Minkowski who was responsible for giving the theory of relativity a complete mathematical form.

Einstein managed to graduate from the university with a high score and with negative characteristics from the teachers: at the educational institution, the future Nobel laureate was known as an avid truant. Einstein later said that he “simply did not have time to go to class.”

For a long time the graduate could not find a job. “I was bullied by my professors, who did not like me because of my independence and closed my path to science,” Wikipedia quotes Einstein as saying.

The Great Don Juan

Even at the university, Einstein was known as a desperate woman lover, but over time he chose Mileva Maric, whom he met in Zurich. Mileva was four years older than Einstein, but studied in the same course as him.

“She studied physics, and she and Einstein were brought together by an interest in the works of great scientists. Einstein felt the need for a comrade with whom he could share his thoughts about what he had read. Mileva was a passive listener, but Einstein was quite satisfied with this. At that time, fate did not push him neither with a comrade equal to him in mental strength (this did not fully happen later), nor with a girl whose charm did not need a common scientific platform,” wrote the Soviet “Einstein scholar” Boris Grigorievich Kuznetsov.

Einstein's wife “shone in mathematics and physics”: she was excellent at performing algebraic calculations and had a good grasp of analytical mechanics. Thanks to these qualities, Marich could take an active part in writing all of her husband’s major works, writes freelook.ru.

The union of Maric and Einstein was destroyed by the latter's inconstancy. Albert Einstein enjoyed enormous success with women, and his wife was constantly tormented by jealousy. Later, their son Hans-Albert wrote: “The mother was a typical Slav with very strong and persistent negative emotions. She never forgave insults...” In 1919, the couple separated, having agreed in advance that Einstein would give the Nobel Prize to his ex-wife and two sons - Eduard and Hans.

For the second time, the scientist married his cousin Elsa. Contemporaries considered her a narrow-minded woman, whose range of interests was limited to clothes, jewelry and sweets.

According to letters published in 2006, Einstein had about ten affairs during his second marriage, including a relationship with his secretary and a socialite named Ethel Michanowski. The latter pursued him so aggressively that, according to Einstein, “she had absolutely no control over her actions.”

Unlike Maric, Elsa did not pay attention to her husband’s numerous infidelities. She helped the scientist in her own way: she maintained genuine order in everything that concerned the material aspects of his life.

"You just need to learn arithmetic"

Like any genius, Albert Einstein sometimes suffered from absent-mindedness. They say that one day, having boarded a Berlin tram, he became absorbed in reading out of habit. Then, without looking at the conductor, he took out from his pocket the money that had been calculated in advance for the ticket.

There’s not enough here,” said the conductor.

“It can’t be,” the scientist answered, without looking up from the book.

And I'm telling you - it's not enough.

Einstein shook his head again, saying, this can’t be. The conductor was indignant:

Then count, here - 15 pfennigs. So five more are missing.

Einstein rummaged in his pocket and actually found the right coin. He felt embarrassed, but the conductor, smiling, said: “Nothing, grandfather, you just need to learn arithmetic.”

One day, at the Berne patent office, Einstein was handed a large envelope. Seeing that an incomprehensible text was printed on it for a certain Tinstein, he threw the letter into the trash. Only later did it become clear that the envelope contained an invitation to Calvin's celebrations and a notice that Einstein had been awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Geneva.

This case is mentioned in the book by E. Dukas and B. Hofmann, “Albert Einstein as a Man,” which was based on excerpts from Einstein’s previously unpublished letters.

Bad investment

Einstein completed his masterpiece, the general theory of relativity, in 1915 in Berlin. It presented a completely new idea of ​​space and time. Among other phenomena, the work predicted the deflection of light rays in a gravitational field, which was subsequently confirmed by English scientists.

Einstein received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922, but not for his ingenious theory, but for his explanation of the photoelectric effect (the knocking out of electrons from certain substances under the influence of light). In just one night, the scientist became famous throughout the world. The scientist's correspondence, released three years ago, says that Einstein invested most of the Nobel Prize in the United States, losing almost everything due to the Great Depression.

Despite the recognition, in Germany the scientist was constantly persecuted, not only because of his nationality, but also because of his anti-militarist views. “My pacifism is an instinctive feeling that possesses me because the murder of a person is disgusting. My attitude does not come from any speculative theory, but is based on the deepest antipathy to any kind of cruelty and hatred,” the scientist wrote in support of his anti-war position .

At the end of 1922, Einstein left Germany and went on a trip. Once in Palestine, he inaugurated the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

Elimination from the Manhattan Project

Meanwhile, in Germany the political situation became increasingly tense. During one of the lectures, reactionary students forced the scientist to interrupt his lecture at the University of Berlin and leave the audience. Soon a call for the murder of the scientist appeared in one of the newspapers. In 1933, Hitler came to power. In the same year, Albert Einstein made the final decision to leave Germany.

In March 1933, he announced his resignation from the Prussian Academy of Sciences and soon moved to the United States, where he began working at the Institute for Fundamental Physical Research in Princeton. After Hitler came to power, the scientist never visited Germany again.

In the United States, Einstein received American citizenship while remaining a Swiss citizen. In 1939, he signed a letter to President Roosevelt, which spoke about the threat of the Nazis creating nuclear weapons. In the letter, the scientists also indicated that in the interests of Roosevelt they were ready to begin research on the development of such weapons.

This letter is considered the founding of the Manhattan Project, the program that produced the atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945.

Einstein's participation in the Manhattan Project was limited to this letter. Also in 1939, he was removed from participation in secret government developments, having been convicted of connections with US communist groups.

Resignation of the presidency

In the last years of his life, Einstein assessed nuclear weapons from the point of view of a pacifist. He and several other leading scientists in the world addressed the governments of all countries with a warning about the dangers of using the hydrogen bomb.

In his declining years, the scientist had the chance to try his hand at politics. When Israeli President Chaim Weismann died in 1952, Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion invited Einstein to the post of president of the country, writes xage.ru. To which the great physicist replied: “I am deeply touched by the proposal of the State of Israel, but with regret and regret I must reject it.”

The death of the great scientist is surrounded by mystery. Only a limited circle of people knew about Einstein's funeral. According to legend, the ashes of his works were buried with him, which he burned before his death. Einstein believed that they could harm humanity. Researchers believe that the secret that Einstein took with him could really change the world. We are not talking about a bomb - compared to the latest developments of the scientist, experts say, even it would seem like a child's toy.

Relativity theory of relativity

The greatest scientist died more than half a century ago, but experts still do not tire of arguing over his theory of relativity. Someone is trying to prove its inconsistency, there are even those who simply believe that “one cannot see a solution to such a serious problem in a dream.”

Domestic scientists also refuted Einstein’s theory. Thus, MSU professor Arkady Timiryazev wrote that “the so-called experimental confirmations of the theory of relativity - the bending of light rays near the Sun, the displacement of spectral lines in the gravitational field and the movements of the perihelion of Mercury - are not proof of the truth of the theory of relativity.”

Another Soviet scientist, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Viktor Filippovich Zhuravlev believed that the general theory of relativity has a dubious ideological character, since a purely philosophical component comes into play here: “If you take the position of vulgar materialism, then you can claim that the world is curved. If you share positivism Poincaré, then we must admit that all this is just language. Then L. Brillouin is right and modern cosmology is myth-making. In any case, the noise around relativism is a political phenomenon, not a scientific one."

At the beginning of this year, candidate of biological sciences, author of a dissertation on the ecology of Caucasian turkeys (snowcocks), member of the public Medical-Technical Academy, Dzhabrail Baziev, announced that he had developed a new physical theory that refutes, in particular, Einstein’s theory of relativity.

At a press conference in Moscow on March 10, Baziev said that the speed of light is not a constant value (300 thousand kilometers per second), but depends on the wavelength and can reach, in particular, in the case of gamma radiation, 5 million kilometers per second. Baziev claims to have conducted an experiment in which he measured the speed of propagation of beams of light of the same wavelength (the same color in the visible range) and obtained different values ​​for blue, green and red rays. And in the theory of relativity, as is known, the speed of light is constant.

In turn, physicist Viktor Savrin calls Baziev’s theory, which supposedly refutes the theory of relativity, “nonsense”, and believes that he does not have sufficient qualifications and does not know what he is refuting.

The material was prepared by the online editors of www.rian.ru based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Albert Einstein was a believer

In addition to being an outstanding physicist, Albert Einstein was also an excellent philosopher. When asked if he believed in God, Einstein avoided answering and replied that God was a faceless character who was responsible for the incredible symmetry of the universe.

In his letter to his colleague Max Born, he wrote, “The Theory of Relativity explains a lot, but does not bring us any closer to the secret of the OLD MAN. I am convinced that He did not throw the dice.”

Albert Einstein did not want to become President of Israel

After the death of Israeli President Chaim Weismann, Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion offered Albert Einstein the position of President, but he refused. In his response letter, he was brief: “I am deeply touched by the offer of the State of Israel, but with regret and regret I must reject it.”

Albert Einstein didn't fail his math exam

The myth that Albert Einstein was a bad student at school was invented in order to have something to cover up his eccentricity, and also so that even complete losers could find the strength within themselves and achieve something.

Only the Universe and human stupidity are infinite. Although I have my doubts about the first one.

In one of his interviews, he stated: “I have never failed mathematics. At the age of 14, I successfully mastered the calculation of differential equations and integrals.” After graduating from college, he did not immediately get a job at the Academy, so he went to temporary work at the Swiss Patent Office.

Albert Einstein was a ladies' man

Despite his eccentricity and loyalty to science, Albert Einstein enjoyed the love of the opposite sex, and always reciprocated. In 2006, letters were published from which it follows that Albert Einstein had six mistresses during his second marriage, including Ethel Michanowski, who pursued the physicist for several years.

Albert Einstein was one of the founders of the Manhattan Project

Albert Einstein was a pacifist, but in 1939 he told President Roosevelt that he was ready to help the Americans develop nuclear weapons due to the fact that the Germans had already begun to conduct similar research, starting from his formula E=mc2.

Despite his great contribution, in 1940, at the request of the FBI, it was decided to remove the scientist from the development of the American nuclear bomb due to his communist views.

Later, nuclear bombs, which Einstein began to develop, were dropped on Japan in 1945.

March 14 marked the 140th anniversary of the birth of the brilliant physicist and Nobel laureate Albert Einstein, whose famous theory of relativity was first published on March 20, 1916. And these two dates allow us to once again remember the great scientist and his inextricable connection with the young Jewish state.

Albert Einstein in 1921. Photo: Wikipedia

As you know, Einstein once received an offer from Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion to become the second president of Israel. This happened in 1952 after the death of the first president, Chaim Weizmann. The scientist rejected the proposal, citing a lack of experience in government activities. “I am deeply moved by the offer of the State of Israel, but with regret and regret I must reject it,” he wrote in response.

Among Einstein's biographers, there is no consensus on whether the scientist supported the ideas of Zionism. Let's let him answer this question himself:

“Until recently I lived in Switzerland, and while I was there I was not aware of my Jewishness...

When I arrived in Germany, I first learned that I was a Jew, and more non-Jews than Jews helped me make this discovery... Then I realized that only a joint cause, which would be dear to all Jews in the world, could lead to the revival of the people...

If we did not have to live among intolerant, soulless and cruel people, I would be the first to reject nationalism in favor of universal humanity.”

One thing is certain: the great scientist supported with all his might the development of education in Eretz Israel and subsequently in the State of Israel.

To develop education and science in Eretz Israel

Albert Einstein and his wife Elsa Einstein as part of the Zionist delegation to the United States in 1921. Also in the photo: future Israeli President Chaim Weizmann, his wife Vera Weizmann, Menachem Usishkin and Ben-Zion Mosinzon. Photo: Wikipedia

At least two Israeli universities are associated with Einstein's name. We are talking about the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Technion in Haifa.
Albert Einstein, along with Sigmund Freud and Martin Buber, was among the co-founders of the Hebrew University.

Albert Einstein set foot on the land of Eretz Israel for the first and only time in February 1923. His arrival was associated with the laying of the first stone of the future metropolitan university on Mount Scopus. At the same time, according to the recollections of eyewitnesses, the scientist gave his first lecture at the Hebrew University. More precisely, at the construction site where the campus will subsequently be built. The lecture on the theory of relativity was given in French. Years later, Einstein bequeathed all of his letters and manuscripts, as well as the copyright to use his name and likeness, to Hebrew University.

On his only visit to Palestine, Einstein also visited Haifa, where at that time the construction of the future Technion University of Technology was underway. And here the great scientist left his mark: in memory of his visit to the Technion on February 11, 1923, he planted a palm tree.

Einstein statue at the Israeli Academy of Sciences. A copy of the Robert Burks monument (Square near the US National Academy of Sciences, Washington). Photo: Wikipedia

Einstein: Israel in the soul and in the heart

The tradition of planting trees at the Technion was continued by the son of the great scientist, also a physicist, Hans Einstein. In 1956, after attending the opening ceremony of the A. Einstein Institute of Physics at the Technion, he planted two cypress trees at the entrance. However, it is not only trees that mark Einstein’s presence at the Technion. The main thing is the close scientific and social ties that developed between Einstein and this educational institution. Einstein contributed greatly to attracting specialists to the Technion. In particular, this concerned scientists of Jewish origin who left Germany after Hitler came to power and moved to Palestine. The scientist himself headed the Society of Friends of the Technion, and after moving to the USA, he attracted prominent American scientists, engineers and philanthropists to cooperate. Einstein also contributed greatly to raising funds for the Technion and supplying the necessary equipment and apparatus for laboratories. Nowadays the Institute of Physics named after. A. Einstein Technion is one of the leading scientific institutions in the world.

The great scientist never managed to visit Israel, although in the late 40s he sought to come to the young Jewish state, but due to personal reasons he never realized this dream.