How many tests should be taken per year? When is the balance sheet submitted (deadlines, nuances)
Few people in the modern world can boast of their health. Even those who consider their health to be relatively strong can often be mistaken, since many diseases in the early stages occur without pronounced symptoms.
The only preventive measure that can be used to identify diseases in the early stages of development is a blood test.
A patient who regularly undergoes a general blood test is much more likely to detect them at the stage of their inception. Early diagnosis of diseases allows for the most effective treatment for the patient, preventing the disease from manifesting its complications.
Unfortunately, the modern rhythm of life leaves almost no time for working women and men to monitor their health and take preventive tests. As a rule, patients come to the laboratory with a referral from a doctor, and not on their own initiative.
And this is a very serious problem in modern society. Taking preventive tests can save lives by, for example, detecting cancer at an early stage.
Where to get tested
As a rule, when applying to public medical institutions, doctors give a referral for analysis to the structures of these institutions.
Some patients question the results obtained in these institutions, since they do not have modern equipment and the flow of people is too large (there is a high probability of error).
If you are tormented by such doubts, then you can contact private clinics.
When choosing a private laboratory in which you plan to undergo examination, be guided by the following criteria:
- It is better if the laboratory uses modern vacuum tubes. They are absolutely safe for both the patient and the laboratory assistant. In addition, the vacuum tube provides excellent preservation of the collected blood.
- Before taking the test, you can clarify all points of interest with the staff. Namely: an establishment license; analysis technology; analysis techniques. If for some reason this information is not provided, then you should think about the reputation of the laboratory.
- When collecting blood, pay attention to whether the barcode is indicated on the tube. Its application eliminates the possibility that your biomaterial will be confused with the biomaterial of another patient.
When contacting private clinics, you should also pay attention to the reputation of the institution. A laboratory that is not assigned to medical institutions can guarantee the objectivity and impartiality of the analysis results.
On the other hand, a laboratory that is assigned to a particular medical institute or large hospital may have a good proven reputation.
How often should you get tested?
The recommended frequency of taking a general blood test depends on the patient’s age and health complaints.
All doctors clearly state that it is necessary to take a blood test even if you have
A general blood test is an effective preventive measure to prevent a wide range of diseases.
The table shows data on how often it is necessary to donate blood at different age periods if the patient has no complaints:
A separate schedule of examinations for young children. Since their body grows very quickly, and changes occur in it every day.
Children's blood is taken immediately after birth, then at 1 month, then every 3 months until 3 years. Upon reaching 3 years of age, examination must be completed every year.
The World Health Organization also recommends periodic blood testing between 25 and 35 years of age. During this period, according to statistics, an increased number of sexually transmitted infections are diagnosed.
From 35 to 55 years of age, the risk of developing heart failure increases. Therefore, preventive examinations can be made more frequent. In women, which can cause many pathologies.
After 50 years, To all other diseases, the risk of occurrence is added. The probability of cancer increases by 90% every year after 50 years.
What diseases can be determined by a blood test?
Remember that almost 50% of diseases (that is, every second) can be detected using tests before it shows its first symptoms.
To do this, you just need to regularly monitor your health and get tested.
Based on the results of blood sampling, the following diseases can be identified:
- Cancerous neoplasms. for decades and not make itself felt. But from the moment malignant cells appear, special tumor markers are present in the blood, indicating cancer.
- Chronic infections (pyelonephritis, cystitis). Some bacteria can live locally in the body without causing harm, but when they are carried by the blood to other systems, they can cause
- Sexual infections. Sexually transmitted diseases may also not manifest themselves immediately. The most dangerous thing in this case is the fact that the infected patient considers himself healthy and can continue to infect other partners. A blood test can make a diagnosis before
- Atherosclerosis. This is a disease that also develops over many years. Symptoms begin to appear after atherosclerotic plaques reach impressive sizes. By taking a blood test on time, this disease can be cured, even before plaques appear.
It is worth noting that the possibilities of modern medicine are quite large. And many diseases, including those, are treated in advanced stages. But every patient needs to understand that the more serious the stage of the disease, the more harmful complications its treatment will cause for the body.
Severe and chronic consequences for the listed diseases cannot be avoided. In addition, once diagnosed, curing the patient is impossible. Treatment only eliminates pain and alleviates the patient's condition. After this, life expectancy is measured at a maximum of one dozen years.
A serious alternative to the above facts is to take a routine blood test, which indicates the appearance of unhealthy pathologies in the body.
“Until thunder strikes, a man will not cross himself” - this folk wisdom is perfect for characterizing the attitude of the majority of our compatriots towards preventive examinations with a doctor. Yes, yes, most of us go to the clinic only if something is wrong with our health.
Perhaps this is caused by a lack of time and a reluctance to sit in queues, and sometimes by the attitude of the doctors themselves towards people who, being healthy, for some reason showed up for an appointment and demanded that they be prescribed tests... In fact, responsible therapists only welcome preventive testing, after all, it is in this way that diseases can be identified at an early stage, and therefore successfully cured.
But if you really don’t want to go to the district clinic, and you have the financial opportunity, get tested in an independent laboratory or private medical center. As a rule, there are no queues there, and all the necessary equipment for research is available.
Now let’s talk about what the minimum tests are and how often a healthy person needs to be tested.
We rent every year!
- General clinical blood test - yes, the same one from a finger. It will show the level of hemoglobin - the presence or absence of anemia and other blood diseases. In addition, the ESR reaction (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and the leukocyte level will tell whether there is an inflammatory process in the body.
- Biochemical blood test - to determine the level of total cholesterol and its fractions and identify cardiovascular diseases at an early stage.
- Blood sugar test. A very important analysis, since it allows you to diagnose the development of such a dangerous disease as diabetes. In old age, it is recommended to take this test, as well as biochemistry, twice a year.
- General clinical urine analysis - it evaluates the condition of a person’s genitourinary system and the likelihood of developing certain diseases. The density of urine determines the nature of the kidneys, and sugar or acetone in the urine indicates the presence of diabetes mellitus or phenylketonuria.
- Electrocardiogram - to find out how the heart works.
- Testing for thyroid hormone and ultrasound of this organ is recommended to be done regularly for residents of those areas where there is a natural iodine deficiency, and there are many of them in our country.
If desired, you can take a blood test for markers of hepatitis B and C, tumor markers and HIV. This is especially recommended for those who get tattoos and often visit the dentist.
Once every two years it is worth doing fluorography. With its help, it is possible to detect not only the development of pulmonary tuberculosis, but also the presence of malignant tumors, as well as diseases of the pleura. However, if necessary, it can be done once a year - modern digital equipment allows you to avoid harm to health.
After 45–50 years, two more should be included in the list of mandatory annual tests: gastroscopy and colonoscopy (examination of the large intestine), which allow timely detection of stomach and colon cancer.
In addition to getting tested, women are recommended to visit a gynecologist once a year.
For men
- Analysis for hidden infections is especially recommended for those who often change sexual partners.
- Hormone analysis determines not only the causes of sexual dysfunction, but is also necessary for the timely detection of serious diseases, such as cirrhosis of the liver.
- Examination of the prostate and blood test for the concentration of PSA - prostate-specific antigen. This analysis becomes especially relevant in adulthood, after 40–45 years, when the risk of developing prostatitis increases.
- Analysis for micro- and macroelements - for men it is mandatory; Not only the general well-being of a man, but also his potency depends on their level.
- What is human papillomavirus?
- HPV types
- Preparation
- Women
- For men
- Research methods
- Rules for donating blood for HPV
- How to test urine for HPV
- Features of testing women
- What tests do men need to take?
- Explanation of quantitative analysis
- Where can I make it and at what price?
- Questions and answers
- Reviews
For many of us, a very pressing problem is human infection with a virus of the papillomavirus group. Doctors say that at least 13% of adults are infected with this virus, of which 40-60% are young men and women who are able to give birth to children. Testing for human papillomavirus is a necessary test for early screening for infection. The analysis must be carried out in order to accurately understand the type of treatment for the patient.
What is human papillomavirus?
Human papillomavirus is a type of virus that is common and can cause various diseases in anyone and can cause various problems. Some of them can lead to big problems, such as damage to the genitals.
The most popular type is the common wart. These are small round growths that have a convex shape that grow on the hands and face. They are not capable of causing cancer, but they cause a lot of inconvenience. How a person perceives a wart infection depends on the person’s immunity.
The most dangerous type is a genital wart. They look like pointed or flat warts and grow only on the genital mucosa. Genital warts are almost 100% cancer cells.
HPV types
All warts can be divided into low-, medium- and highly carcinogenic subspecies. This section depends on how much warts can cause cancer. All human papilloma viruses have different DNA structures. Each type has its own serial number.
The most dangerous include human papillomavirus types 16 and 18; Types 6 and 11 have a low probability of cancer formation.
Scientists have studied 14 subspecies of viruses that are capable of forming cancer cells.
You need to know that when infected with one type of virus, there is no guarantee that there is no other subtype in the body. That is, a person can carry several types of human papillomavirus. One type may be completely harmless, while another type may cause cancer.
You need to remember that the virus does not activate immediately. That is, he may not show any symptoms for a long time.
Preparation
Women
There are general rules for preparing for the analysis of human papillomavirus in women.
How the analysis needs to be done is determined by the method of taking the material itself.
Note:
- A woman is not recommended to undergo testing during menstruation.
- You need to do an examination before the start or 2 days after the end.
- It is not recommended to urinate for about 3 hours before scraping and you should not have sexual intercourse 36 hours before the test.
- If you need to conduct a repeat test, it is better to do it in the same clinic or laboratory.
For men
It is possible to detect the human papillomavirus only after a series of examinations have been carried out.
To prepare for diagnosis in men, you need to know and adhere to the following recommendations:
- If material from the urethra is needed, the man must not go to the toilet for 1.5–2 hours. To do this, you need to consume less liquid.
- The day before the analysis, you should not take medications (especially antiviral drugs), and do not use any traditional methods.
- Men do not need to wash themselves before the test.
- Avoid alcohol and sexual intercourse.
Research methods
There are several ways to study this virus.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a way to detect specific infectious agents with high accuracy.
There is also a process similar to a biopsy - Digene analysis. With the help of it, the doctor examines the DNA of papilloma. This is a new technique, so reliable results are obtained for detecting a malignant tumor.
Using quantitative analysis, you can know the elemental and molecular composition of the object that is being diagnosed or the content of certain components.
There are inorganic and organic analyzes (depending on the volume). They are also divided into elemental and functional analysis.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a macromolecule that ensures storage, transmission from generation to generation and implementation of genetic programs for the development and functioning of living organisms. DNA has information about the structure of different types of RNA and proteins.
Genotyping—determines the genotype of the hepatitis C virus (1, 2, 3, 4).
This is a very important analysis. Treatment regimens for different types of virus can be very different. New schemes are also being developed, but the types of virus are not taken into account.
Rules for donating blood for HPV
To conduct a blood test for human papilloma virus, virtually no preparation of the patient is required. There are general rules that must be followed for any research.
These include:
- limit physical, emotional and mental stress before the examination;
- Eliminate fatty foods from your diet and stop drinking alcohol.
Blood must be taken to determine human papillomavirus in the morning on an empty stomach.
How to test urine for HPV
If you need to take a urine test, first thoroughly wash your external genitalia.
- drink more or less water than usual;
- use antibacterial drugs and uroseptics;
- have sex 24 hours before the test.
Before you start collecting urine, you need to do hygiene procedures and not use any products.
Features of testing women
A blood test for papillomas in women does not take the virus. A smear from the cervical canal is taken as materials for laboratory and cytological examination.
How are smears taken from women?
For this analysis, a special disposable soft brush is used, which resembles a brush for applying mascara. Using a gentle rotating motion, the material is removed from the canal. The doctor makes an imprint on laboratory glass, then you need to place the brush in a sterile test tube and send it to the laboratory for examination.
What tests do men need to take?
Diagnostic measures for men are no different from those for women: men need to see a urologist or andrologist who specializes only in problems of the male genital area. The specialist should order additional studies.
Explanation of quantitative analysis
| Number of epithelial cells in the sample | Sample inadequate for research | |
| HPV DNA | Not detected | No HPV DNA detected |
| A 9 (16, 31, 33, 35, 52, 58 types) | ||
| > | ||
| > 10 copies of HPV DNA / 10 cells | ||
| HPV DNA | Not detected | No HPV DNA detected |
| A 7 (18, 39, 45, 59 types) | Clinically insignificant number of HPV | |
| > 10 copies of HPV DNA / 10 cells | Clinically significant amount of HPV | |
| > 10 copies of HPV DNA / 10 cells | ||
| HPV DNA | Not detected | No HPV DNA detected |
| A 5 (51 types), | Clinically insignificant number of HPV | |
| A 6 (type 56) | > 10 copies of HPV DNA / 10 cells | Clinically significant amount of HPV |
| > 10 copies of HPV DNA / 10 cells | ||
| Total HPV DNA | Not detected | No HPV DNA detected |
| Clinically insignificant number of HPV | ||
| > 10 copies of HPV DNA / 10 cells | Clinically significant amount of HPV | |
| > 10 copies of HPV DNA / 10 cells |
Where can I make it and at what price?
| Moscow | 6th Radialnaya street, 3, bldg. 10. | Homotest | 410 rub. |
| Chelyabinsk | Dovator street, 27 | Homotest | 310 rub. |
| Kyiv | Oktyabrsky Prospekt, building 183 | Homotest | 150 UAH |
| Saint Petersburg | Komendantsky Prospekt, 51, bldg. 1 | Homotest | 400 rub. |
| Kyiv | Demievskaya street, 41 | Delta clinics | 170 UAH |
| Moscow | Sredny Nastanovchesky Lane, 6 | Delta clinics | 400 rub. |
| Moscow | 1st microdistrict (Moskovsky), 52; Vernadsky Avenue, 39 |
Invitro | 575 rub. |
| Chelyabinsk | Sverdlovsky prospect, 86 | Invitro | 575 rub. |
| Krasnoyarsk | Alexandra Matrosova street, 4 | Invitro | 560 rub. |
| Saint Petersburg | Dachny Prospekt, 17, bldg. 4; Tashkent street, 2 |
Invitro | 590 rub. |
| Moscow | Gilyarovskogo street, 50 | Medinnova | 500 rub. |
| Saint Petersburg | Aviakonstruktorov Avenue, 11, building 1 | Medinnova | 490 rub. |
| Moscow | Vorontsovskaya street, 8; Tsvetnoy Boulevard, 30, bldg. 2 |
He's a clinician | 480 rub. |
| Saint Petersburg | Danube Avenue, 47 | SM-Clinic | 850 rub. |
| Chelyabinsk | st. Cherkasskaya, 2/2 | SM-Clinic | 830 rub. |
| Nizhny Novgorod | st. Germana Lopatina, 3, building 3, fl. 1, office 2 | SM-Clinic | 840 rub. |
| Moscow | Yaroslavskaya street, 4k2 Volgogradsky prospect, 42k12 |
SM-Clinic | 370 rub. |
| Saint Petersburg | Apraksin Lane, 5 | Helix | 350 rub. |
| Moscow | Novosuschevskaya street, 18; Prospekt Mira, 51, building 1 |
Helix | 540 rub. |
| Nizhny Novgorod | Sovetskaya, 9 | Helix | 350 rub. |
Questions and answers
- How many days does the analysis take?
The result of a PCR or smear needs to wait 2 days, and a Digen test - about 7 days, but sometimes it takes as long as 14.
- Can an HPV test be false?
After you have received a positive result from a biopsy, PCR analysis, or Digene test, there is no need to be upset. There are situations when the results are false.
- What is HPV HCR?
HPV HCR are different types of the virus that have a low and high carcinogenic risk.
- Do pregnant women get tested for HPV?
Doctors do not prohibit testing for pregnant women.
- What does CME mean in an HPV test?
The abbreviation KVM stands for “material acquisition control.”
- Do you have condylomas, but tests don’t show them?
The analysis needs to be repeated using a different diagnostic method.
- Could the analysis be wrong?
- Does it hurt to give up?
The analysis does not cause any pain, maximum discomfort.
Few people can boast of excellent health. Poor ecology, stressful rhythm of life, heredity, bad habits contribute to the development of diseases. And even half of those who are confident in their good health are often mistaken. After all, pathologies can occur covertly for a long time.
The only method to detect diseases at an early stage is regular medical examination. All that remains is to remember what studies you need to undergo and how often to get tested.
It is difficult to force a person to undergo examination if nothing bothers him. In an effort to refuse, he will find many reasons why this is not worth doing: long queues, the need to ask for time off from work or take time off. But if you look at mortality statistics, you begin to realize the value of health.
The life expectancy of the average resident of Russia is 71.4 years. And the population dies not from old age, but from a “bouquet” of acquired diseases that were not detected in a timely manner and were not treated at a time when the chances of recovery were as high as possible.
Laboratory diagnostics
The list of mandatory laboratory tests includes:
1. Complete blood count (or CBC)
Biomaterial is collected from a finger or from a vein. The study determines the level of hemoglobin, evaluates the reaction of ESR (this is the sedimentation rate of red cells - erythrocytes), the level of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and determines the leukocyte formula.
General blood analysis
The obtained indicators will give an idea of the presence (or confirm the absence) of an inflammatory, infectious process in the body, the development of anemia, and some blood diseases.
2. Biochemical blood test
Blood is drawn from a vein. The study determines the level of cholesterol, glucose, bilirubin, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, total protein, ALT and AST enzymes, and important microelements.
Based on the results obtained, the specialist can identify the development of cardiovascular pathologies, diseases of the liver, kidneys, gall bladder, and pancreas. In addition, biochemistry evaluates the speed and quality of metabolic processes and gives an idea of the deficiency of microelements.
3. General urinalysis (UCA)
For diagnosis, morning urine is collected in a sterile container. OAM allows you to assess the functioning of the genitourinary system. The density level characterizes the functioning of the kidneys.
The presence of protein, glucose, bilirubin, and red blood cells signal the development of liver, kidney, and diabetes mellitus. The presence of leukocytes and bacteria in the urine confirms the occurrence of infectious processes in the urinary tract.
How often should I get tested? For each patient, the frequency of diagnosis is individual. If nothing bothers a person, and the tests taken confirm that he is completely healthy, then repeated tests can be carried out after 1 year.
Instrumental studies
Regular medical examination includes the following studies:
1. Fluorography
Fluorography evaluates the condition of the lungs. It allows you to identify tuberculosis at an early stage, gives an idea of pleural diseases and the presence of malignant neoplasms. Every year it is necessary to do fluorography
2. Electrocardiogram
Such diagnostics are undertaken to determine the functioning of the heart.
3. Ultrasound of the peritoneum and pelvis
An examination of the peritoneal cavity allows one to assess the condition of many internal organs: liver, spleen, pancreas, gall bladder, kidneys.
Ultrasound determines the structure, shape, presence of tumors, stones, cysts, and the location of organs. Pelvic ultrasound diagnoses pathologies of the reproductive system: ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes in women and prostate in men. In addition, the examination shows the condition of the rectum, ureters and bladder.
Additional diagnostics
The list of mandatory studies may include some additional tests and examinations. The appropriateness of such a diagnosis is dictated by the patient’s age, place of residence, and lifestyle.
1. Study of thyroid hormone levels
This blood test must be taken by all people who live in areas depleted of natural iodine. The study evaluates the functioning of the gland and the level of hormones produced. Timely therapy eliminates the risk of developing severe complications.
Test for thyroid hormones
How often should I do a blood test for hormones? If the thyroid gland is functioning correctly, then once a year is enough. If pathologies are present, the doctor prescribes a test regimen.
2. Blood for markers of hepatitis B, C, HIV
These studies are recommended for patients who frequently visit the dentist, who have undergone extensive surgery, and who like tattoos. A blood test should be taken for people changing sexual partners. The frequency of the study depends on the patient. It is usually recommended to undergo diagnostics once every 6-12 months.
3. Coprogram
If gastrointestinal pathology is suspected, the patient will be advised to undergo a stool test. It characterizes disturbances in the functioning of the stomach, liver, pancreas, and improper absorption of substances in the small and duodenal intestines. The coprogram identifies inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract and colitis of various natures.
4. Gastroscopy
Such instrumental research is prescribed for people who have crossed the 45-year mark. Gastroscopy is performed using a special probe and allows you to assess the condition of the esophagus, stomach, and identify pathologies of the duodenum. The study identifies ulcers, tumors, bleeding.
5. Colonoscopy
Diagnosis according to gender
The above are studies that are recommended for both men and women. However, it is necessary to monitor not only general health, but also the proper functioning of the reproductive system. Therefore, depending on gender, the doctor will prescribe several more studies.
1. Study of the mammary glands
Diagnosis is carried out manually by a mammologist or gynecologist. If necessary, an ultrasound is prescribed if the woman is under 40 years old. At older ages, it is recommended to undergo a mammogram once a year.
Women need breast screening
2. Flora smear
A vaginal culture reveals the presence of infection in the reproductive system.
3. Colposcopy
This diagnosis involves examining cervical tissue under a microscope. It allows you to determine the presence of cancer at the initial stage.
“Women should definitely visit a gynecologist once every six months. After 30-35 years, a consultation with a mammologist and endocrinologist will not hurt. »
1. PSA test
A blood test determines the concentration of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a man's body. Such diagnostics allows timely detection of the development of prostatitis and prostate tumors.
2. Smear for hidden infections
Men should visit a urologist or andrologist once a year, provided that nothing worries them and previous tests were normal.
Research for a child
Parents are always worried about the health of their children. Therefore, the question is constantly asked: How often does a child need to be tested in order to promptly identify any disorders?
Examination for children is carried out depending on age
Pediatricians advise following this regimen:
- For infants, diagnostics are prescribed once every 3 months and without fail before vaccination;
- Children under 3 years old are recommended to conduct research once every six months;
- Children over 3 years old are diagnosed once a year.
The list of mandatory tests for children includes: OBC, OAM, stool analysis (for helminthic infestations). If pathologies are detected in a child, the list of mandatory studies increases, as does the frequency of diagnosis.
In those countries where people regularly undergo mandatory medical examinations, mortality from strokes, oncology, and heart attacks is low. Therefore, everyone who wants to extend their life to a ripe old age needs to set aside one or two days a year to undergo the necessary diagnostics.
Based on materials from: https://www.medsovet.info
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