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Capsules

Contents of capsules: granular powder from white to yellowish color.

For a dosage of 250 mg : gelatin capsules No. 2: light green cap,the body is light green.

For a dosage of 500 mg : gelatin capsules No. 0: dark green cap, greenish-yellow body.

J.01.D.B.01 Cephalexin

There are contraindications. Before starting use, consult your doctor.

Commercial names abroad (abroad) - Keflex, Apo-Cephalex, Biocef, Cefanox, Ceforal, Cephabos, Cephalexin, Cephorum, Ceporex, Cilex, Ialex, Ibilex, Kefexin, Keflet, Rekosporin, Keforal, Keftab, Keftal, Lopilexin, Larixin , Novo-Lexin, Ospexin, Tenkorex, Zephalexin, Panixine Disperdose, Rancef, Sialexin, Sporidex, Ulexin.

Currently, analogues (generics) of the drug are NOT FOR SALE in Moscow pharmacies!

Antibacterial agents that are not antibiotics.

You can ask a question or leave a review about the medicine (please, do not forget to indicate the name of the drug in the text of the message).

Preparations containing Cephalexin (Cefalexin, ATC code J01DB01):

Cephalexin - instructions for use. The drug is a prescription, the information is intended only for healthcare professionals!

Clinical and pharmacological group:

First generation cephalosporin.

pharmachologic effect

First generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It has a bactericidal effect and disrupts the synthesis of the cell wall of microorganisms. Resistant to lactamases.

Has a wide spectrum of action. Active against gram-positive microorganisms - Staphylococcus spp., (including penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin-sensitive strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis), Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes), Corynebacterium diphtheriae; gram-negative microorganisms - Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. (including Klebsiella pneumoniae), Moraxella catarrhalis, Proteus mirabilis; Treponema spp., radiant fungi.

Ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp. (indole-positive strains), Morganella morganii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Enterococcus faecalis, Haemophilus spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., methicillin-resistant strains, anaerobic microorganisms.

Resistant to penicillinase of staphylococci, but destroyed by cephalosporinase of gram-negative microorganisms.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, it is quickly and well absorbed. Bioavailability - 90-95%, food intake slows down absorption, but does not affect its completeness. The time to reach Cmax after oral administration of 0.25, 0.5 or 1 g is 1 hour, the Cmax value is 9, 18 and 32 μg/ml, respectively.

The therapeutic concentration is maintained for 4-6 hours. Communication with plasma proteins is 10-15%. Vd - 0.26 l/kg.

Distributed relatively evenly in various tissues and body fluids: lungs, liver, heart, kidneys, bile, gall bladder, bones, joints, respiratory tract. It penetrates poorly through the unchanged BBB. Passes through the placenta, is excreted in small quantities in breast milk, and is found in amniotic fluid.

Not metabolized.

T1/2 - 0.9-1.2 hours. Total clearance - 380 ml/min. Excreted by the kidneys - 70-89% unchanged (2/3 - by glomerular filtration, 1/3 - by tubular secretion); with bile - 0.5%. Renal clearance - 210 ml/min.

If the excretory function of the kidneys is impaired, the concentration in the blood increases, and the time of excretion by the kidneys lengthens, T1/2 after oral administration is 5-30 hours. It is moderately excreted using hemodialysis, well - using peritoneal dialysis.

Indications for use of the drug CEPHALEXIN

• infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract (pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, acute and exacerbation of chronic pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, empyema and lung abscess);
• infections of the genitourinary system (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, endometritis, gonorrhea, vulvovaginitis);
• infections of the skin and soft tissues (furunculosis, abscess, phlegmon, pyoderma, lymphadenitis, lymphangitis);
• infections of bones and joints (including osteomyelitis).

Dosage regimen

Inside, 30-60 minutes before meals, washed down with water.

The average dose for adults and children over 10 years of age is 250-500 mg every 6 hours. The daily dose of the drug should be at least 1-2 g, if necessary, it can be increased to 4 g. The duration of treatment is 7-14 days. For infections caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, the minimum duration of treatment is 10 days.

For children under 10 years of age, the drug is recommended to be prescribed in the form of an oral suspension. For body weight less than 40 kg, the average daily dose is 25-100 mg/kg body weight; frequency of administration - 4 times a day. For otitis media - dose 75 mg/kg/day, frequency of administration - 4 times a day. For streptococcal pharyngitis, infections of the skin and soft tissues, the dosage frequency is 2 times a day. In case of severe infections, the daily dose can be increased to 100 mg/kg body weight, and the frequency of administration - up to 6 times a day.

Preparation of the suspension: add water to the bottle up to the risk and shake well. The prepared suspension is stable at room temperature for 14 days. The suspension must be shaken before each use. 5 ml of the finished suspension contains 250 mg of cephalexin.

Side effect

Allergic reactions: rash, urticaria, Quincke's edema, erythema, rarely - eosinophilia, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylactic shock.

From the digestive system: abdominal pain, dry mouth, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, toxic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, increased activity of liver transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, intestinal candidiasis, oral cavity, pseudomembranous enterocolitis.

From the nervous system: dizziness, weakness, headache, agitation, hallucinations, convulsions.

From the genitourinary system: interstitial nephritis, itching of the genitals and anus, vaginitis, vaginal discharge, genital candidiasis.

From the hematopoietic organs: leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia.

From the musculoskeletal system: arthralgia, arthritis.

Laboratory indicators: increase in prothrombin time.

Contraindications to the use of the drug CEPHALEXIN

• children under 3 years of age (for capsules only);
• hypersensitivity (including to other beta-lactam antibiotics).

With caution - renal failure, pseudomembranous colitis (history), pregnancy, lactation, infancy (up to 6 months - for suspension).

Use of the drug CEPHALEXIN during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation is possible only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.

If it is necessary to prescribe the drug during lactation, breastfeeding should be stopped.

Use for renal impairment

For adult patients with impaired renal function, the daily dose is reduced taking into account the CC value: with CC 5-20 ml/min, the maximum daily dose is 1.5 g per day; with CC less than 5 ml/min - 0.5 g per day. The daily dose is divided into 4 doses.

Use in children

Contraindication: children under 3 years of age (for capsules only). For children under 10 years of age, the drug is recommended to be prescribed in the form of an oral suspension.

special instructions

Patients with a history of allergic reactions to penicillins and carbapenems may have increased sensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

During treatment with cephalexin, a positive direct Coombs test is possible, as well as a false-positive urine test for glucose.

In patients with impaired renal function, accumulation is possible (adjustment of the dosage regimen is required).

In staphylococcal infections, cross-resistance exists between cephalosporins and isoxazolylpenicillins.

Overdose

Symptoms: vomiting, nausea, epigastric pain, diarrhea, hematuria.

Treatment: activated charcoal (more effective than lavage), maintaining airway patency, monitoring vital signs, blood gases, electrolyte balance.

Drug interactions

When used simultaneously with furosemide, ethacrynic acid, nephrotoxic antibiotics (for example, aminoglycosides), the risk of kidney damage increases.

Salicylates and indomethacin slow down the elimination of cephalexin.

Cephalexin reduces the prothrombin index and enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

The drug is available with a prescription.

Storage conditions and periods

List B. Store in a dry place, protected from light, out of reach of children at a temperature of 15° to 25°C. Shelf life - 3 years.

First generation cephalosporin

Active substance

Release form, composition and packaging

Capsules gelatin, size No. 2, with a light green body and lid; the contents of the capsules are granular powder from white to yellowish.

Composition of the capsule shell: titanium dioxide (E171), iron oxide yellow dye (E172), (Indigotin I) (E132), gelatin.

Capsules gelatin, size No. 0, with a dark green cap and a greenish-yellow body; the contents of the capsules are granular powder from white to yellowish.

Excipients: magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose RN 102.

Composition of the capsule shell: titanium dioxide (E171), yellow iron oxide dye (E172), black iron oxide dye (E172), indigo carmine (Indigotin I) (E132), gelatin.

8 pcs. - blisters (2) - cardboard packs.

Granules for preparation of suspension for oral administration yellow-orange color; when water is added, a yellow-orange suspension with a characteristic fruity odor is formed.

Excipients: sodium saccharinate, citric acid anhydride, iron oxide yellow dye (E172), guar gum, sodium benzoate, simethicone S 184, sucrose, strawberry flavor, apple flavor, raspberry flavor, tutti frutti flavor.

40 g (for preparing 100 ml of suspension) - dark glass bottles (1) complete with a 5 ml measuring spoon and a line for a volume of 2.5 ml - cardboard packs.

pharmachologic effect

First generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It has a bactericidal effect and disrupts the synthesis of the cell wall of microorganisms. Resistant to lactamases.

Has a wide spectrum of action. Active against gram-positive microorganisms- Staphylococcus spp., (including penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin-sensitive strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis), Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes), Corynebacterium diphtheriae; gram-negative microorganisms- Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. (including Klebsiella pneumoniae), Moraxella catarrhalis, Proteus mirabilis; Treponema spp., radiant fungi.

Ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp. (indole-positive strains), Morganella morganii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Enterococcus faecalis, Haemophilus spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., methicillin-resistant strains, anaerobic microorganisms.

Resistant to penicillinase of staphylococci, but destroyed by cephalosporinase of gram-negative microorganisms.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, it is quickly and well absorbed. Bioavailability - 90-95%, food intake slows down absorption, but does not affect its completeness. The time to reach Cmax after oral administration of 0.25, 0.5 or 1 g is 1 hour, the Cmax value is 9, 18 and 32 μg/ml, respectively.

The therapeutic concentration is maintained for 4-6 hours. Protein binding is 10-15%. Vd - 0.26 l/kg.

Distributed relatively evenly in various tissues and body fluids: lungs, liver, heart, kidneys, bile, gall bladder, bones, joints, respiratory tract. It penetrates poorly through the unchanged BBB. Passes through the placenta, is excreted in small quantities in breast milk, and is found in amniotic fluid.

Not metabolized.

T 1/2 - 0.9-1.2 hours. Total clearance - 380 ml/min. Excreted by the kidneys - 70-89% unchanged (2/3 - by glomerular filtration, 1/3 - by tubular secretion); with bile - 0.5%. Renal clearance - 210 ml/min.

If the excretory function of the kidneys is impaired, the concentration in the blood increases, and the time of excretion by the kidneys lengthens, T1/2 after oral administration is 5-30 hours. It is moderately excreted using hemodialysis, well - using peritoneal dialysis.

Indications

- infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract (pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, acute and exacerbation of chronic pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, empyema and lung abscess);

- infections of the genitourinary system (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, endometritis, gonorrhea, vulvovaginitis);

- infections of the skin and soft tissues (furunculosis, abscess, phlegmon, pyoderma, lymphadenitis, lymphangitis);

- infections of bones and joints (including osteomyelitis).

Contraindications

- children under 3 years of age (for dosage form - capsules);

- hypersensitivity (including to other beta-lactam antibiotics).

In patients with impaired renal function, accumulation is possible (adjustment of the dosage regimen is required).

In staphylococcal infections, cross-resistance exists between cephalosporins and isoxazolylpenicillins.

For adult patients with impaired renal function, the daily dose is reduced taking into account the CC value: with KK 5-20 ml/min the maximum daily dose is 1.5 g/day; at CC less than 5 ml/min- 0.5 g/day. The daily dose is divided into 4 doses.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

The drug is available with a prescription.

Storage conditions and periods

List B. Store in a dry place, protected from light, out of reach of children at a temperature of 15° to 25°C. Shelf life - 3 years.

Cephalexin is an antibacterial drug of the cephalesporin series.

Achieving a bactericidal effect occurs due to disruption of the synthesis of the cell wall of pathogenic microorganisms.

Effective against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

Widely used for infectious and inflammatory processes in the genitourinary organs.

basic information

The main active ingredient is cephalexin monohydrate; one capsule of the product contains it in terms of anhydrous 250 or 500 mg.

The drug belongs to antimicrobial drugs used for systemic use. A beta-lactim antibacterial drug belonging to the first generation cephalosporins.

Pharmacological properties

The product is considered a semi-synthetic antibiotic with a broad spectrum of action. Effective against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

90% of the drug is absorbed in the digestive tract. The highest concentration of the active substance in the bloodstream is observed 1.5-2 hours after taking the drug. The antibacterial effect lasts for 4-6 hours.

A positive feature of the product is that it easily penetrates the tissues and fluids of the body. Has a low level of permeability through the blood-brain barrier.

The largest amount of the drug is excreted from the body with urine, a small part with bile.

Dosage form

Cephalexin is produced in the form of capsules, each of them contains powder in the form of yellow-white granules.

Indications for use

The prescription of Cephalexin is considered justified when diagnosing such pathological conditions and processes as:

• regardless of the flow form;
• epididymitis;
• endometritis;
• prostatitis;
• vulvovaginitis;
• pharyngitis;
• inflammation of the middle ear;
• sinusitis;
• angina;
• bronchitis;
• pneumonia;
• furunculosis;
• abscess;
• phlegmon;
• lymphadenitis;
• osteomyelitis.

Do not self-medicate under any circumstances; only a doctor should prescribe medications after establishing an accurate diagnosis.

Contraindications for use

It is forbidden to use Cephalexin:

1. If there is a history of intolerance to cephalosporins and penicillin antibacterial drugs. This is explained by the fact that there is a risk of developing a cross-allergic reaction.
2. Children under 12 years old.

Methods of taking the medication

According to the instructions for use, it is recommended to take the medication orally 30-40 minutes before meals. In this case, without chewing the capsules, wash them down with plenty of liquid.

The daily dose for adults and children over 12 years of age in pathological conditions with an uncomplicated course is 250 mg every 6 or 500 mg every 12 hours.

The average dose is 1000 mg, but if necessary it can be increased to 4000 mg.

The course of treatment should last from 7 to 14 days, but if necessary, therapy can be carried out longer.

Infectious processes caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus should be treated for at least 10 days.

In order for treatment to be effective, it is recommended to continue for another 48-72 hours after the clinical picture of the disease disappears.

If renal function is impaired, the dosage will be as follows:

Persons who are not prescribed 250 mg twice a day and 500 mg after each dialysis procedure, that is, the daily dose of Cephalexin for them should be 1 g.

For children

Cephalexin in capsule form is approved after reaching the age of twelve.

Pregnant and breastfeeding women

According to observational data, the use of Cephalexin is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation.

Animal studies show that the drug in toxic doses for mothers has an embryotoxic effect.

The active substance appears in the milk of animals during lactation and in the breast milk of women, so it is not recommended to prescribe it during breastfeeding. If there is a need for such treatment, it is recommended to stop or interrupt lactation.

Danger of overdose

If the recommended dose is exceeded, the formation of such adverse reactions as:

• nausea;
• vomit;
• pain in the epigastrium;

To eliminate these unpleasant symptoms and alleviate the general condition, it is recommended to take activated charcoal and ensure that the airways are maintained.
In more severe cases, it becomes necessary to monitor vital body functions, blood gases and electrolyte balance.

Interaction with other medications

Taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs leads to a slower elimination of Cephalexin.

Increased nephrotoxic effects are observed when used with. Combining Cephalexin with aminoglycoside derivatives and polymyxins leads to neurotoxicity.

Taking Cephalexin and Erythromycin leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of both drugs. The combination of Cephalexin with metmorphine leads to an increase in the concentration of the latter in the bloodstream.

Co-administration of an antibiotic with combined oral contraceptives leads to a decrease in the level of effectiveness of the latter.

Side effects

In some cases, taking Cephalexin may cause the following adverse reactions:

Storage conditions

The most common substitute for Cephalexin is amoxicillin. These drugs have an almost identical composition; they differ only in the country of origin.

If Cephalexin is not available in pharmacies, pharmacists suggest replacing it with analogues such as:

• Zeff;
• Felexin;
• Ospexin;
• Sporidex;
• Cefaclen;
• Keflex;
• Ecocephron;
• Palitrex;
• Solexin;
• Lexin;
• Piassant.

Price policy

The price of Cephalexin may vary slightly, depending mainly on the country of manufacture and the pharmacy where the product is purchased. For example, in Russia an antibiotic costs an average of 70-80 rubles; in Ukraine it can be purchased for 30-40 hryvnia.

Cephalexin is a highly effective antibiotic that helps fight inflammatory processes in the genitourinary and respiratory systems.

Cephalexin is considered the drug of choice when fighting infections of the genitourinary system, respiratory system and skin. It has a wide spectrum of action and is available in a fairly convenient oral dosage form, which makes it easy to use.

Due to the fact that almost the entire amount of the drug taken is excreted from the body, it differs from other cephalesporin drugs in safety. I recommend it to my patients, and they are satisfied.

Roman Alexandrovich, Ekaterinburg

I prescribe Cephalexin to patients diagnosed with inflammatory processes of the urinary organs. Proper use of the drug helps to quickly get rid of pathological symptoms. Patients like the drug because it very rarely provokes adverse reactions and has an affordable price.

Ekaterina Petrovna, Nakhodka

Patients' opinions

Cephalexin is an effective drug, however, the development of adverse reactions may occur, as evidenced by patient reviews. To prevent this from happening, you must strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations. This is evidenced by reviews from people who have used the medicine.

I first learned about Cephalexin when I was diagnosed with pyelonephritis. The doctor focused on the effectiveness of the drug and the ease of its use. After I took it for 2 days, my general condition improved significantly, but I continued to take the medications as recommended by the doctor. The therapeutic course lasted 7 days and I forgot about the illness. I am very pleased with the drug, I recommend it to everyone, but remember that its use must be agreed with a specialist.

Natalya, 25 years old, Vladivostok

I have only positive impressions from treatment with Cephalkexin. The drug is effective, quickly helps to overcome the disease and does not lead to adverse reactions (if taken correctly). The good news is that almost the entire amount of the product is excreted from the body, causing virtually no harm to it, and also that the price of the product is quite reasonable.

Alexander 21 years old, Omsk

Summarizing the information presented, we can confidently say that Cephalexin is an effective antibacterial drug.

It is used for infectious diseases of the genitourinary, respiratory systems, skin and subcutaneous tissue. It is low-toxic, but despite this, the drug should only be prescribed by a qualified specialist.

The drug Cephalexin belongs to the 1st generation cephalosporins. Available in tablet form and as a suspension for internal use. The active ingredient is cephalexin. The substance has a pronounced antibacterial effect against a number of pathogenic microorganisms. The instructions for use of Cephalexin state that the tablets are prescribed for the treatment of purulent pathologies of the skin and soft tissues, gonorrhea, diseases of the ENT organs, infections of the genitourinary system, respiratory tract and other diseases. Let's consider the features of using the drug, analogues in tablets and injections.

Composition, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The pharmacological effect of the drug is antibacterial. Capsules are available with different dosages - 250 and 500 mg of the active ingredient. Magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose are indicated as additional components in the description of the medicine. 5 milliliters of suspension contains 250 mg of active ingredient. Auxiliary components in the composition: sucrose, flavorings, simethicone, citric acid, etc.

For information: the antibacterial drug Cephalexin belongs to the group of first-generation cephalosporins. The medication disrupts the structure of the cell membrane of pathogenic microorganisms, which leads to their death.

High biological activity is noted against Klebsiella, streptococci, Proteus, Escherichia. The antibiotic is not effective for the treatment of pathologies caused by salmonella, Shigella spp., Neisseria meningitidis, Morganella morganii. The active substance is destroyed under the influence of beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative microbes.

When administered orally, it is well absorbed, the bioavailability of the drug is over 90%. The maximum content of cephalexin is detected 60 minutes after application, the therapeutic concentration is maintained for 4-6 hours. Approximately 15% of the drug is bound to plasma proteins; the substance is evenly distributed in all fluids and tissues of the body. Cephalexin penetrates the placental barrier. Excreted in bile.

Indications, contraindications and side effects

Cephalexin is available only in tablets and suspensions; it is not sold in ampoules. Prescribed tablets for the treatment of respiratory tract infections - pneumonia, lung abscess. For the treatment of diseases of the ENT organs - sinusitis, otitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis and the genitourinary system - cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, prostatitis, gonorrhea. The antibiotic is recommended against the background of purulent pathologies of the skin and tissues - with phlegmon, furunculosis, pyoderma, lymphadenitis.

Contraindications to the use of tablets:

• Organic intolerance to the composition;
• Pregnancy;
• Lactation;
• Lack of sucrose in the body;
• Fructose intolerance.

The tablets are prescribed with caution against the background of pseudomembranous colitis, renal failure, chronic gastrointestinal pathologies, and for children under 6 months (in the form of a suspension).

The antibiotic Cephalexin is a strong drug that helps destroy pathogenic microorganisms. There is a therapeutic effect in diseases caused by bacteria sensitive to cephalexin. In some cases, the medicine leads to the development of negative effects:

1. Allergies (rash, urticaria, flushing and burning of the skin, peeling).
2. Angioedema.
3. Painful sensations in the abdomen.
4. Dry mouth.
5. Digestive disorders.
6. Attacks of nausea (sometimes vomiting), loose stools.
7. Candidiasis of the mouth and intestines.
8. Headaches, dizziness.
9. Convulsive states.
10. Itching of the genitals.
11. Leukopenia, increased activity of liver enzymes, etc.

If side effects develop, you need to interrupt therapy and seek help from a medical specialist. As a rule, a substitute from the cephalosporin group is recommended, for example, a good analogue is Ceftriaxone in tablets or injections.

Instructions for use of the drug Cephalexin

Until the age of 10, children are prescribed the medicine in the form of a suspension. One milliliter of the drug contains 50 mg of the active ingredient. The dosage is determined by the age of the young patient. Children under one year old should take 2.5 ml up to 4 times a day; 1-3 years – 5 ml three times a day; 3-6 years – 7.5 ml three times a day. A child 6-10 years old is prescribed 10 ml three times every 24 hours, and children from 10 to 14 years old 10 ml 3 times or the same dosage, but in tablets.

In each specific situation, the dose and frequency of use are determined individually. For example, for non-severe infections, two-time use in an average dosage is sufficient, but against the backdrop of severe pathology, increased doses and multiplicities of up to 6 times a day are required. The medicine is used for a few more days after you feel better.

It’s worth knowing: to prepare a suspension in the bottle, you need to add water to the mark and shake well. Storage is allowed for 14 days at room temperature; Be sure to shake before use.

Adults are most often prescribed Cephalexin 500.
Instructions for use in tablets are as follows:

• The tablets are taken orally half an hour before meals;
• The average dosage per application is 500 mg;
• Frequency of use – 4 times a day;
• Daily dose of at least 1000-2000 mg;
• The maximum dose per day is 4000 mg;
• The duration of the treatment course is 1-2 weeks.

If the patient has a history of impaired renal function, then the maximum dosage per day is 1500 mg - it is divided into several applications. During therapy it is strictly forbidden to consume alcoholic beverages.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

The pills are not prescribed during pregnancy. This is due to the fact that cephalexin can penetrate the placental barrier, which leads to toxic damage to the organs and central nervous system of the fetus. Clinical studies on the safety of the drug in the first trimester of pregnancy have not been conducted.

During lactation, tablets are prescribed for strict medical reasons, when the potential benefit to the mother outweighs the risk of harm to the baby. If the baby develops side effects, then the drug is discontinued or switched to artificial feeding.

Cephalexin of any release form is prescribed with caution for kidney diseases. Patients with hypersensitivity to cephalosporins have a high risk of allergy. During therapy, there may be a positive Coombs reaction or a false positive urine reaction to glucose.

Analogues of Cephalexin

Similar drugs in the form of injections belonging to the group of cephalosporins are Cefazolin (first generation), Cefuroxime (second generation), Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Cefoperazone (third generation). You can supplement the list with analogues such as Ecocephron (tablets), Cefaklen, Felexin, Palitrex and other medications.

Important: if the patient cannot take tablets/suspension, then instead of Cephalexin, its injectable analogue, Ceftriaxone, is prescribed. The antibiotic is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobes, anaerobes (with the exception of Clostridium difficile).

Ceftriaxone is prescribed for the treatment of infected wounds/burns and infectious lesions of the oral cavity. The tablets are taken for syphilis, tick-borne borreliosis, abdominal infections and other diseases. The medicine is not prescribed if there is a history of renal/liver failure, enteritis or colitis, or other diseases associated with antibacterial therapy. It is prohibited to give injections during pregnancy and lactation.

So, what are the instructions for using injections, how to dilute Ceftriaxone?
Features of the treatment course:

1. The drug is administered intramuscularly or intravenously.
2. The dose for an adult and children over 12 years of age is 1000-2000 mg of the active ingredient. The medicine is administered once every 12 hours at half the dosage.
3. In special cases, when the pathogens are moderately susceptible to the antibiotic, the dose may be increased to 4 g.
4. For gonorrhea, 250 mg is administered once.
5. If the prescribed dose is more than 50 mg per kilogram of weight, then only an intravenous infusion lasting at least half an hour is used.

The duration of therapy is determined by the causative agent of the disease. For example, if the pathology is caused by the activity of diplococci, then the therapeutic effect is detected on days 3-4; if it is enterobacteria, then treatment lasts 10-14 days.

Rules for diluting the drug:

• For dilution, use lidocaine solution or water for injection. When using the latter option, it should be taken into account that the administration of Ceftriaxone is painful. Most often it is diluted with water in cases where the patient is allergic to Lidocaine;
• Dilution with 1% Lidocaine. To make an intramuscular injection, you need to dilute 500 mg of Ceftriaxone in 2 ml of solution. Injected strictly into a muscle, not into a vein;
• Dilution with 2% Lidocaine: 1000 mg of Ceftriaxone is diluted in 1.8 ml of water and the same amount of Lidocaine.

Side effects of Ceftriaxone: disorders of the central nervous system, allergic reactions, dyspeptic manifestations. Some patients experience: intestinal dysbiosis, stomatitis, glossitis, oliguria. Injections can lead to disruption of hematopoiesis: anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis.

Cephalexin is prescribed only by a doctor. The duration of the course, dose, and frequency of administration are determined individually. Tablets or suspension can be bought at a pharmacy, the price is determined by the manufacturer and the form of the drug. The price of the tablet form is about $1.5, and the cost of the suspension is $1.1-1.3.