Help on Tele2, tariffs, questions

Fyodor Tyutchev is a famous Russian lyricist, poet-thinker, diplomat, conservative publicist, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences since 1857, privy councilor.

Tyutchev wrote his works mainly in the direction of romanticism and pantheism. His poems are very popular both in Russia and throughout the world.

In his youth, Tyutchev spent his days reading poetry (see) and admiring their creativity.

In 1812, the Tyutchev family was forced to move to Yaroslavl due to the outbreak.

They remained in Yaroslavl until the Russian army finally expelled the French army, led by.

Thanks to his father’s connections, the poet was enrolled in the College of Foreign Affairs as a provincial secretary. Later, Fyodor Tyutchev becomes a freelance attaché of the Russian diplomatic mission.

During this period of his biography, he works in Munich, where he meets Heine and Schelling.

Tyutchev's creativity

In addition, he continues to write poetry, which he later publishes in Russian publications.

During the period of biography 1820-1830. he wrote such poems as “Spring Thunderstorm”, “Like the Ocean Envelops the Globe...”, “Fountain”, “Winter is not angry for nothing...” and others.

In 1836, the Sovremennik magazine published 16 works by Tyutchev under the general title “Poems sent from Germany.”

Thanks to this, Fyodor Tyutchev is gaining great popularity in his homeland and abroad.

At the age of 45, he receives the position of senior censor. At this time, the lyricist continues to write poetry, which arouses great interest in society.

However, the relationship between Tyutchev and Lerchenfeld never reached the wedding. The girl chose to marry the wealthy Baron Krudner.

The first wife in Tyutchev’s biography was Eleonora Fedorovna. In this marriage they had 3 daughters: Anna, Daria and Ekaterina.

It is worth noting that Tyutchev had little interest in family life. Instead, he liked to spend his free time in noisy companies in the company of representatives of the fairer sex.

Soon, at one of the social events, Tyutchev met Baroness Ernestina von Pfeffel. An affair began between them, which everyone immediately found out about.

When the poet's wife heard about this, she, unable to bear the shame, struck herself in the chest with a dagger. Fortunately, there was only a minor injury.

Despite the incident and condemnation in society, Fyodor Ivanovich was never able to part with the baroness.

After the death of his wife, he immediately married Pfeffel.

However, having married the baroness, Tyutchev immediately began to cheat on her. For many years he had a close relationship with Elena Deniseva, whom we have already mentioned.

Death

In the last years of his life, Tyutchev lost many relatives and people dear to him.

In 1864, his mistress Elena, whom he considered his muse, passed away. Then his mother, brother and his own daughter Maria died.

All this had a negative impact on Tyutchev’s condition. Six months before his death, the poet was paralyzed, as a result of which he became bedridden.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev died on July 15, 1873 at the age of 69. The poet was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy Convent cemetery.

If you liked Tyutchev’s short biography, share it on social networks. If you like biographies of great people in general, and in particular, subscribe to the site. It's always interesting with us!

A prominent representative of the golden age of Russian poetry, Fyodor Tyutchev skillfully encapsulated his thoughts, desires and feelings in the rhythm of iambic tetrameter, allowing readers to feel the complexity and inconsistency of the reality around them. To this day, the whole world reads the poet’s poems.

Childhood and youth

The future poet was born on November 23, 1803 in the village of Ovstug, Bryansk district, Oryol province. Fedor is the middle child in the family. In addition to him, Ivan Nikolaevich and his wife Ekaterina Lvovna had two more children: the eldest son, Nikolai (1801–1870), and the youngest daughter, Daria (1806–1879).

The writer grew up in a calm, benevolent atmosphere. From his mother he inherited a subtle mental organization, lyricism and a developed imagination. In essence, the entire old noble patriarchal family of the Tyutchevs had a high level of spirituality.

At the age of 4, Nikolai Afanasyevich Khlopov (1770–1826), a peasant who bought himself out of serfdom and voluntarily entered the service of the noble couple, was assigned to Fedor.

A competent, pious man not only gained the respect of his masters, but also became a friend and comrade for the future publicist. Khlopov witnessed the awakening of the literary genius of Tyutchev. This happened in 1809, when Fyodor was barely six years old: while walking in a grove near a rural cemetery, he came across a dead turtle dove. An impressionable boy gave the bird a funeral and composed an epitaph in verse in its honor.

In the winter of 1810, the head of the family fulfilled his wife’s cherished dream by purchasing a spacious mansion in Moscow. The Tyutchevs went there during the winter cold. Seven-year-old Fyodor really liked his cozy, bright room, where no one bothered him from morning to night reading poetry by Dmitriev and Derzhavin.

In 1812, the peaceful routine of the Moscow nobility was disrupted by the Patriotic War. Like many representatives of the intelligentsia, the Tyutchevs immediately left the capital and went to Yaroslavl. The family remained there until the end of hostilities.

Upon returning to Moscow, Ivan Nikolaevich and Ekaterina Lvovna decided to hire a teacher who could not only teach their children the basics of grammar, arithmetic and geography, but also instill in the restless children a love of foreign languages. Under the strict guidance of the poet and translator Semyon Yegorovich Raich, Fedor studied the exact sciences and became acquainted with the masterpieces of world literature, showing a genuine interest in ancient poetry.

In 1817, the future publicist attended lectures by the eminent literary critic Alexei Fedorovich Merzlyakov as a volunteer. The professor noticed his extraordinary talent and on February 22, 1818, at a meeting of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, he read out Tyutchev’s ode “For the New Year 1816.” On March 30 of the same year, the fourteen-year-old poet was awarded the title of member of the Society, and a year later his poem “Horace’s Epistle to Maecenas” appeared in print.

In the fall of 1819, the promising young man was enrolled in the Faculty of Literature at Moscow University. There he became friends with young Vladimir Odoevsky, Stepan Shevyrev and Mikhail Pogodin. Tyutchev graduated from the University three years ahead of schedule and graduated from the educational institution with a candidate's degree.

On February 5, 1822, his father brought Fedor to St. Petersburg, and already on February 24, eighteen-year-old Tyutchev was enlisted in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs with the rank of provincial secretary. In the Northern capital, he lived in the house of his relative Count Osterman-Tolstoy, who subsequently procured for him the position of freelance attaché of the Russian diplomatic mission in Bavaria.

Literature

In the capital of Bavaria, Tyutchev not only studied romantic poetry and German philosophy, but also translated works and works into Russian. Fyodor Ivanovich published his own poems in the Russian magazine “Galatea” and the almanac “Northern Lyre”.

In the first decade of his life in Munich (from 1820 to 1830), Tyutchev wrote his most famous poems: “Spring Thunderstorm” (1828), “Silentium!” (1830), “As the ocean envelops the globe...” (1830), “Fountain” (1836), “Winter is not angry for nothing...” (1836), “Not what you think, nature... "(1836), "What are you howling about, night wind?.." (1836).

Fame came to the poet in 1836, when 16 of his works were published in the Sovremennik magazine under the title “Poems sent from Germany.” In 1841, Tyutchev met Vaclav Hanka, a figure in the Czech national revival, who had a great influence on the poet. After this acquaintance, the ideas of Slavophilism were clearly reflected in the journalism and political lyrics of Fyodor Ivanovich.

Since 1848, Fyodor Ivanovich held the position of senior censor. The lack of poetic publications did not prevent him from becoming a prominent figure in the St. Petersburg literary society. Thus, Nekrasov spoke enthusiastically about the work of Fyodor Ivanovich and put him on a par with the best contemporary poets, and Fet used Tyutchev’s works as evidence of the existence of “philosophical poetry.”

In 1854, the writer published his first collection, which included both old poems from the 1820s and 1830s, as well as new creations by the writer. Poetry of the 1850s was dedicated to Tyutchev’s young lover, Elena Deniseva.

In 1864, Fyodor Ivanovich’s muse died. The publicist experienced this loss very painfully. He found salvation in creativity. Poems of the “Denisevsky cycle” (“All day she lay in oblivion ...”, “There is also in my suffering stagnation ...”, “On the eve of the anniversary of August 4, 1865”, “Oh, this South, oh, this Nice! ..”, “There is in the primordial autumn...”) – the pinnacle of the poet’s love lyrics.

After the Crimean War, Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov became the new Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia. A representative of the political elite respected Tyutchev for his insightful mind. Friendship with the chancellor allowed Fyodor Ivanovich to influence Russian foreign policy.

Fyodor Ivanovich's Slavophil views continued to strengthen. True, after the defeat in the Crimean War in the quatrain “Russia cannot be understood with the mind...” (1866), Tyutchev began to call on the people not for political, but for spiritual unification.

Personal life

People who do not know Tyutchev’s biography, having briefly familiarized themselves with his life and work, will consider that the Russian poet was a flighty nature, and will be absolutely right in their conclusion. In the literary salons of that time, legends were made about the amorous adventures of the publicist.

The writer's first love was the illegitimate daughter of the Prussian king Frederick William III, Amalia Lerchenfeld. The beauty of the girl was admired by both, and Count Benckendorff. She was 14 years old when she met Tyutchev and became very interested in him. Mutual sympathy turned out to be not enough.

The young man, living on his parents’ money, could not satisfy all the demands of the demanding young lady. Amalia chose material well-being over love and in 1825 she married Baron Krudner. The news of Lerchenfeld's wedding shocked Fyodor so much that the envoy Vorontsov-Dashkov, in order to avoid a duel, sent the would-be gentleman on vacation.

And although Tyutchev submitted to fate, the soul of the lyricist throughout his life languished from an unquenchable thirst for love. For a short period of time, his first wife Eleanor managed to extinguish the fire raging inside the poet.

The family grew, daughters were born one after another: Anna, Daria, Ekaterina. There was a catastrophic lack of money. For all his intelligence and insight, Tyutchev was devoid of rationality and coldness, which is why his career advancement proceeded by leaps and bounds. Fyodor Ivanovich was burdened by family life. He preferred noisy companies of friends and social affairs with ladies from high society to the company of his children and wife.

In 1833, at a ball, Tyutchev was introduced to the wayward Baroness Ernestine von Pfeffel. The entire literary elite was talking about their romance. During another quarrel, the wife, tormented by jealousy, in a fit of despair, grabbed a dagger and hit herself in the chest area. Fortunately, the wound was not fatal.

Despite the scandal that erupted in the press and general censure from the public, the writer was unable to part with his mistress, and only the death of his legal wife put everything in its place. 10 months after the death of Eleanor, the poet legalized his relationship with Ernestina.

Fate played a cruel joke on the baroness: the woman who destroyed her family shared her legal husband with her young mistress, Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva, for 14 years.

Death

In the mid-60s and early 70s, Tyutchev rightly began to lose ground: in 1864, the writer’s beloved, Elena Aleksandrovna Denisyeva, died, two years later the creator’s mother, Ekaterina Lvovna, died, in 1870, the writer’s beloved brother Nikolai and his son Dmitry, and three years later the daughter of the publicist Maria went to another world.

The string of deaths had a negative impact on the poet’s health. After the first stroke of paralysis (January 1, 1873), Fyodor Ivanovich almost never got out of bed; after the second, he lived for several weeks in excruciating suffering and died on July 27, 1873. The coffin with the body of the lyricist was transported from Tsarskoe Selo to the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent in St. Petersburg.

The literary heritage of the legend of the golden age of Russian poetry has been preserved in collections of poems. Among other things, in 2003, based on Vadim Kozhinov’s book “The Prophet in His Fatherland Fyodor Tyutchev,” the series “The Love and Truth of Fyodor Tyutchev” was filmed. The film was directed by the daughter. She is familiar to Russian audiences from her role in the film “Solaris”.

Bibliography

• "Scald's Harp" (1834);
• “Spring Storm” (1828);
• "Day and Night" (1839);
• “How unexpected and bright...” (1865);
• “Reply to the Address” (1865);
• "Italian villa" (1837);
• “I Knew Her Even Then” (1861);
• “Morning in the Mountains” (1830);
• "Fires" (1868);
• “Look how the grove turns green...” (1857);
• "Madness" (1829);
• "Dream at Sea" (1830);
• "Calm" (1829);
• Encyclica (1864);
• "Rome at Night" (1850);
• “The feast is over, the choirs have fallen silent...” (1850).

Russian poet, master of landscape, psychological, philosophical and patriotic lyrics, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev comes from an ancient noble family. The future poet was born in the Oryol province, on the family estate of Ovstug (today it is the territory of the Bryansk region), on November 23, 1803. In terms of his era, Tyutchev is practically a contemporary of Pushkin, and, according to biographers, it is to Pushkin that he owes his unexpected fame as a poet, since due to the nature of his main activity he was not closely connected with the world of art.

Life and service

He spent most of his childhood in Moscow, where the family moved when Fedor was 7 years old. The boy studied at home, under the guidance of a home teacher, famous poet and translator, Semyon Raich. The teacher instilled in his ward a love of literature and noted his gift for poetic creativity, but the parents intended their son to have a more serious occupation. Since Fyodor had a gift for languages ​​(from the age of 12 he knew Latin and translated ancient Roman poetry), at the age of 14 he began attending lectures by literature students at Moscow University. At the age of 15, he enrolled in a course in the Literature Department and joined the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. Linguistic education and a candidate's degree in literary sciences allow Tyutchev to move in his career along the diplomatic line - at the beginning of 1822, Tyutchev entered the State College of Foreign Affairs and almost forever became an official diplomat.

Tyutchev spends the next 23 years of his life serving as part of the Russian diplomatic mission in Germany. He writes poetry and translates German authors exclusively “for the soul”; he has almost nothing to do with his literary career. Semyon Raich continues to maintain contact with his former student; he publishes several of Tyutchev’s poems in his magazine, but they do not find an enthusiastic response from the reading public. Contemporaries considered Tyutchev's lyrics somewhat old-fashioned, since they felt the sentimental influence of poets of the late 18th century. Meanwhile, today these first poems - “Summer Evening”, “Insomnia”, “Vision” - are considered one of the most successful in Tyutchev’s lyrics; they testify to his already accomplished poetic talent.

Poetic creativity

Alexander Pushkin brought Tyutchev his first fame in 1836. He selected 16 poems by an unknown author for publication in his collection. There is evidence that Pushkin meant the author to be a young aspiring poet and predicted a future for him in poetry, not suspecting that he had considerable experience.

His work becomes the poetic source of Tyutchev's civic poetry - the diplomat is too well aware of the price of peaceful relations between countries, as he witnesses the building of these relations. In 1848-49, the poet, having acutely felt the events of political life, created the poems “To a Russian Woman”, “Reluctantly and timidly...” and others.

The poetic source of love lyrics is largely a tragic personal life. Tyutchev first married at the age of 23, in 1826, to Countess Eleanor Peterson. Tyutchev did not love, but respected his wife, and she idolized him like no one else. The marriage, which lasted 12 years, produced three daughters. Once on a trip, the family had a disaster at sea - the couple were rescued from the icy water, and Eleanor caught a bad cold. After being ill for a year, the wife died.

Tyutchev married again a year later to Ernestine Dernberg, in 1844 the family returned to Russia, where Tyutchev again began climbing the career ladder - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the position of Privy Councilor. But he dedicated the real pearls of his creativity not to his wife, but to a girl, the same age as his first daughter, who was brought together by a fatal passion with a 50-year-old man. The poems “Oh, how murderously we love...”, “All day she lay in oblivion...” are dedicated to Elena Denisyeva and compiled into the so-called “Denisyev cycle.” The girl, caught having an affair with a married old man, was rejected by both society and her own family; she bore Tyutchev three children. Unfortunately, both Denisyeva and two of their children died of consumption in the same year.

In 1854, Tyutchev was published for the first time in a separate collection, as an appendix to the issue of Sovremennik. Turgenev, Fet, Nekrasov begin to comment on his work.

62-year-old Tyutchev retired. He thinks a lot, walks around the estate, writes a lot of landscape and philosophical lyrics, is published by Nekrasov in the collection “Russian Minor Poets”, gains fame and genuine recognition.

However, the poet is crushed by losses - in the 1860s, his mother, brother, eldest son, eldest daughter, children from Denisyeva and herself died. At the end of his life, the poet philosophizes a lot, writes about the role of the Russian Empire in the world, about the possibility of building international relations on mutual respect and observance of religious laws.

The poet died after a serious stroke that affected the right side of his body on July 15, 1873. He died in Tsarskoe Selo, before his death he accidentally met his first love, Amalia Lerchenfeld, and dedicated one of his most famous poems, “I Met You,” to her.

Tyutchev’s poetic heritage is usually divided into stages:

1810-20 - the beginning of his creative path. The influence of sentimentalists and classical poetry is obvious in the lyrics.

1820-30 - the formation of handwriting, the influence of romanticism is noted.

1850-73 - brilliant, polished political poems, deep philosophical lyrics, “Denisevsky cycle” - an example of love and intimate lyrics.

Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich

(b. 1803 - d. 1873)

Russian poet, whose love affairs became the source of the creation of lyrical masterpieces.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is one of the most original Russian poets. Deep, philosophical themes and gentle, subtle lyrics easily coexisted in his work. It is no coincidence that many of his love poems became popular romances. At the same time, Tyutchev never aspired to become a professional poet, choosing the diplomatic service as his field of activity. The origins of the poetic inspiration reflected in the lyrics should be sought in the poet’s love affairs, of which he was not deprived throughout all the years of his adult life.

Women loved Tyutchev all his life, they loved him faithfully and faithfully. But Fyodor Ivanovich himself, having fallen in love, completely surrendered to his feelings.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born into a family of hereditary nobles on December 5, 1803 in one of the most picturesque corners of Russia - the village of Ovstug, Oryol province, and spent his childhood and adolescence there. Since 1810, the Tyutchev family moved to Moscow, where they had their own house. According to contemporaries, the Tyutchevs lived openly, widely, and hospitably. They strictly observed the rituals of holidays, christenings, weddings, and name days. The spacious house housed numerous relatives, guests and residents. So Fedya lived freely and calmly both in childhood and in his youth.

After graduating from the literature department of Moscow University in February 1822, Tyutchev was enrolled in the State College of Foreign Affairs. From that time his diplomatic career began and continued throughout his life. He served in Germany, Italy, France, took part in many diplomatic missions, managed to show political and historical insight during the Crimean campaign and in 1865 rose to the rank of Privy Councilor.

It must be said that for the insightful and prudent Tyutchev, his career almost always went more or less predictably. His personal life was more complicated, having undergone many dramatic turns. Love, or rather, the element of love, occupied an exceptional place in the life and consciousness of Fyodor Ivanovich. It is perhaps difficult to find a person who was captured and shocked by passions as he was. Having fallen in love, he no longer knew how, could not stop loving: the woman he loved became for him, as it were, the embodiment of the whole world - amazing and unique.

Tyutchev’s first love is considered to be the young Amalia von Lerchenfeld, with whom he became passionately interested shortly after his arrival in Munich, apparently in the spring of 1823 (although Tyutchev experienced his first love interests in Russia before leaving for Germany, but information about them has not been preserved) .

Amalia, the illegitimate daughter of the Prussian King Frederick William III and Princess Thurn and Taxis, was gifted with rare, unique beauty. She was admired by many outstanding people, such as Heinrich Heine, Pushkin, Nikolai! Bavarian King Ludwig I even ordered a portrait of Amalia for his collection of portraits of European beauties.

Amalia’s relationship with Tyutchev lasted for half a century. And this fact suggests that she was able to appreciate his love, but still could not or did not want to connect her fate with him. Descendants received vague information about the dramatic ups and downs of early 1825, when the young diplomat almost found himself in a duel (it is not known with whom, but clearly in connection with his love for Amalia) and was forced to leave Munich, taking a long-term vacation. During Tyutchev's absence, Amalia married his colleague, Baron Alexander Sergeevich Krudener, who later was the Russian ambassador to Sweden. A royal daughter, and also a dazzling beauty, Amalia clearly sought to achieve the highest possible position in society. And she succeeded. Already in the 1830s. she played a primary role in St. Petersburg high society and enjoyed great influence at court. After the death of Krudener, Amalia Maximilianovna remarried the Finnish governor and member of the State Council, Count N.V. Adlerberg, who was also the son of the all-powerful minister of the court. At that time she was forty-six years old, but she was still a beauty.

Amalia more than once and completely disinterestedly provided Tyutchev with very important services, which greatly embarrassed him. In particular, about one of these services in 1836, Tyutchev said: “Oh, what a misfortune! And how needy must I be to ruin friendly relations like that! It’s the same as if someone, wanting to cover his nakedness, did not find any other way to do this than to cut out trousers from a canvas painted by Raphael... And, however, of all the people I know in the world, she is undoubtedly the only one in relation to to which I would feel obligated with the least aversion.”

Here one can doubt whether Tyutchev was really upset by Amalia’s concerns about him. After all, they seemed to confirm deep mutual sympathy. It was not for nothing that the poet, half jokingly and half seriously, asked his then friend Prince Ivan Gagarin: “Tell her that if she forgets me, misfortune will befall her.”

But Amalia was never able to forget Tyutchev. Like him, who always loved her, although it was more of a tender friendship than passionate love. In 1840, he wrote to his parents: “After Russia, Mrs. Krudener is my oldest love... She is still very pretty, and our friendship, fortunately, has changed no more than her appearance.”

In 1870, having accidentally met Amalia Maximilianovna in the resort town of Carlsbad (now Karlovy Vary), 67-year-old Tyutchev dedicated the famous poem “I Met You...” to her.

But let's return to the events of the end of 1825. It is not known when Tyutchev found out about Amalia's wedding, but it is easy to imagine his pain and despair. And yet, very soon, on March 5, 1826, he married Eleanor Peterson, née Countess Bothmer. It was a strange marriage in many ways. Unexpectedly for those around him, the 22-year-old young man secretly married a recently widowed woman, a mother of four children, who was also four years older than him. To this it should also be added that, according to the judgment of one of the biographers of the poet K.V. Pigarev, “serious mental demands were alien to Eleanor.” Even ten years later, in 1836, Tyutchev’s Munich boss G.I. Gagarin, who was very favorable towards him, wrote about the dire consequences of the “unpleasant and false position in which he was placed by his fatal marriage.”

True, this marriage is supported by the fact that Eleanor was a very charming woman, as evidenced by her portraits and poems dedicated to her. The daughter of Count Theodor Bothmer, who belonged to one of the most noble Bavarian families, she married the Russian diplomat Alexander Peterson at a very young age and lived with him for about seven years, until his death. By the way, her three sons from her first marriage later became Russian naval officers.

Many biographers of the poet believe that he decided on this marriage out of despair, in order to somehow alleviate the pain caused by the loss of his true beloved.

One way or another, Tyutchev was not mistaken about the woman who loved him infinitely. He valued her feelings, as can be seen from the letter to his parents: “... I want you, who love me, to know that no one has ever loved another the way she loved me... there was not a single day in her life when for the sake of my well-being, she would not agree, without a moment’s hesitation, to die for me.”

Tyutchev lived with Eleanor, who was not only a devoted wife, but also an excellent housewife, for twelve years. And the first seven of them, until 1833 (when a new love entered his life), were a time of almost cloudless family happiness. Later, the poet more than once recalled these years as a lost paradise.

In February 1833, at one of the balls, Tyutchev met the sister of his friend, the Bavarian publicist Karl Pfeffel, the twenty-two-year-old beauty Ernestina and her husband, Baron Dernberg, who had arrived in Munich a month earlier. At this evening, by the way, an amazing story happened: Dernberg felt ill and left the ball, saying goodbye to Tyutchev: “I entrust my wife to you,” and died a few days later.

After the death of her husband, Ernestine left Munich, but soon returned. And love broke out, which at first brought more suffering than happiness. Tyutchev clearly could not, for the sake of new love, not only part with Eleanor, but even stop loving her. And at the same time, he did not have the strength to break off relations with Ernestina.

Ernestina was able to understand and appreciate Tyutchev, probably more than anyone else, both as a person, as a thinker, and as a poet (later she specially studied the Russian language in order to be able to read Tyutchev’s poems). Their love contained that completeness of intimacy, which was clearly lacking in the poet’s first - to some extent accidental - marriage. This love contained both a deep spiritual understanding, as evidenced by their correspondence (Tyutchev wrote more than 500 letters to Ernestine), and a powerful passion, which in its extreme expressions seemed to even frighten the poet. Hence his poems dedicated to her - “I love your eyes, my friend...” and “Italian villa”.

The fullness of love united them so much that it was incredibly difficult to part, although, as one might reasonably assume, they tried to break off their relationship. Moreover, their connection could not go unnoticed for long. Already in July 1833, Eleanor wrote to Nikolai Tyutchev, the poet’s brother: “He, it seems to me, is doing stupid things, or something close to them... I think that Fyodor frivolously allows himself small social affairs, which, no matter how insignificant they are no matter what, they can become unpleasantly complicated. I am not jealous, and I have no reason to be, but I am worried, seeing how he becomes like crazy people.”

Apparently, Tyutchev broke up with Ernestina at the end of 1833, since she was not in Munich either in the winter or spring of 1834. Perhaps she herself decided to run away from her love. Nothing is known about their meetings in 1834 (perhaps there were none), but in June 1835 Ernestine wrote in her album about “happy days spent in Eglofsheim”.

The next of these entries is “Memory of March 20, 1836!!!” At this time, Tyutchev's meetings with Ernestina probably became too obvious, which led to dramatic consequences. We are talking about Eleanor's attempt to commit suicide. In the absence of her husband, she stabbed herself several times with a dagger that served as an addition to her fancy dress costume. Most likely, it was a gesture of despair rather than a firm determination to die. Seeing blood coming out of the wounds, Eleanor ran out into the street and lost consciousness. The neighbors brought it home. Soon Tyutchev came and, apparently, promised to break off relations with Ernestina.

Eleanor found the strength to forgive her husband, and their relationship remained the same. In addition, they decided to leave Munich for Russia. In June 1837, the Tyutchev family arrived in St. Petersburg. Having stayed in his homeland for two months, Tyutchev, while alone, without his family, went to a new duty station - to Turin. And from there he wrote to his parents: “I want to talk to you about my wife... It would be useless to try to explain to you what my feelings are for her. She knows them, and that's enough. Let me just tell you this: the slightest kindness shown to her will be worth a hundred times more in my eyes than the greatest favors shown to me personally.”

Undoubtedly, this was an expression of deeply sincere feelings for his wife. And yet... A few days after writing this letter, Tyutchev went to Genoa to meet with Ernestina. Although the poet’s biographers believe that this meeting could have been Tyutchev’s farewell to his love, as he said in the poem “December 1, 1837” written then:

It is likely that by mutual consent the poet and his beloved decided to separate forever.

Having said “the last farewell” to Ernestina, Tyutchev turned all his thoughts to his family. In Turin, he was looking forward to his wife and children, who were in Russia. And here he experienced a terrible tragedy: in 1838, Eleanor died untimely. The indirect cause of her death was a fire that occurred on a ship heading from Kronstadt to Lubeck. Among the three hundred passengers, including the famous Russian poet Pyotr Vyazemsky and the young Ivan Turgenev, were Eleanor and her three young daughters. While saving her children, she experienced a severe nervous shock. It was further aggravated by the fact that documents, money, and belongings were lost during the fire. The Tyutchevs experienced severe material need after this event, living on government benefits, which were barely enough. All this completely undermined Eleanor’s health, and after a severe cold at the age of 39, on August 27, she died in the arms of her husband, who turned gray overnight from grief.

The tragedy he experienced remained an unhealed wound in Tyutchev’s soul for a very long time. On December 1, 1839, he wrote to his parents: “... there are things that are impossible to talk about - these memories bleed and will never heal.”

But despite all the deep sorrow, Tyutchev did not forget about his former love. In December 1838, his secret engagement to Ernestine Pfeffel took place in Genoa; Even the closest relatives did not know about this. On March 1, 1839, Tyutchev submitted an official statement of his intention to enter into a new marriage and on July 17 he married Ernestina Fedorovna in Bern, in the church at the Russian embassy. He was thirty-five years old, she was twenty-nine. Life seemed to be starting over again. In February 1840, their first daughter, Maria, was born. The following year, their son Dmitry was born. In addition, Ernestina Fedorovna adopted Anna, Daria and Ekaterina, Tyutchev’s daughters from his first marriage, and became their real mother.

In 1844, Tyutchev finally returned to his homeland, quickly settling into the cultural and political life of St. Petersburg society. And during the thirty years that he had left to live, he traveled abroad only occasionally. At that time, very few St. Petersburg residents knew about his poetic gift, much less thought of Tyutchev as an outstanding poet. Before them appeared a man whose conversations delighted many thinkers and politicians in Europe. And Tyutchev literally eclipsed all the witty people of his time.

However, soon contemporaries were to see in Tyutchev a worthy successor to the glory of Pushkin and Lermontov. In 1849, a new flowering of the poet’s work began, which lasted more than a decade and a half. And in the next year, 1850, his deepest and most exciting love for Elena Deniseva began.

It is difficult to understand what preceded this. Tyutchev's relationship with his wife was close to ideal. They lived happily for seventeen years, and during this time he never became interested in another woman. His descendant and biographer K.V. Pigarev considered this to be the uniqueness of the poet. He wrote: “Tyutchev never broke up with his family and could not have decided to do so. He was not a monogamist. Just as earlier his love for his first wife lived in him next to his passionate love for E. Dörnberg, so now his affection for her, his second wife, was combined with his love for Denisyeva, and this introduced a painful duality into his relationship with both women.”

However, the point is not only that Tyutchev could not limit himself to love alone. Each of them was for him the pinnacle of bliss: having fallen in love, he could no longer stop loving. The truth is that it was Ernestina Fedorovna who always remained an irreplaceable friend for Tyutchev. In July 1851, a year after the beginning of his love for Denisyeva, Tyutchev wrote to Ernestina Fedorovna from St. Petersburg to Ovstug, where she was then living: “I strongly object to your absence... With your disappearance, my life is deprived of all consistency, all coherence. There is no creature in the world smarter than you. I have no one to talk to... me, who talks to everyone...” Another letter written a month later: “You... are the best of all that I know in the world...”

Such confessions can be found in dozens of Tyutchev’s letters of that time, and there is no reason to doubt the poet’s sincerity. One can even assume that if his relationship with his wife were not so ideal, he would still break up with her for another.

Tyutchev's new chosen one, Elena Denisyeva, was the niece of the inspector of the Institute of Noble Maidens A.D. Denisyeva, where his daughters Daria and Ekaterina studied. She was graduating from Smolny at that time. When the poet first saw Denisyeva, she was twenty years old, he was forty-two years old. Over the next four years, they met quite often, but their relationship did not go beyond mutual sympathy, since Elena was a difficult girl and, one might even say, somewhat mysterious. Exceptional liveliness and freedom of character were combined in her with deep religiosity; but at the same time, a high culture of behavior and consciousness, elegant refinement of gestures and words could suddenly give way to sharp, even violent outbursts of anger.

Denisyeva had many brilliant admirers, including the then famous writer Count Sologub. But among many of her admirers, who from various points of view were much preferable to the middle-aged father of the family Tyutchev, she still chose him. The first explanation occurred on July 15, 1850. Exactly fifteen years later, Tyutchev would write about this “blessedly fatal day”:

How she breathed in her whole soul,

How she poured all of herself into me.

Elena Denisyeva’s secret meetings with the poet soon became known throughout St. Petersburg. Her father angrily disowned his daughter and forbade her relatives to meet with her. But the aunt, who raised Elena from childhood and loved her like her own daughter, treated her niece’s feelings with understanding. Having received her resignation from Smolny, she settled with Elena in a private apartment. She treated Tyutchev, who was a chamberlain and also had a certain weight at court, with great respect, and therefore did not interfere with the love of her niece.

In May 1851, Denisyeva gave birth to a daughter, who was named Elena in honor of her mother. This finally united the lovers with an indissoluble bond. True, the birth of a child caused some complications: although Elena Alexandrovna christened the girl Tyutcheva, this act had no legal force. This meant that the daughter had to share the sad fate of illegitimate children. But the proud Denisyeva, who also called herself Tyutcheva, saw in the formal obstacles only a fatal coincidence of circumstances. She was convinced that Tyutchev could not marry her because “he has already been married three times, and the fourth marriage cannot be consecrated in the church... But this is how God pleases, and I humble myself before His holy will, not without that, so that from time to time we bitterly mourn our fate.”

It is not clear why this belief formed in Elena Alexandrovna’s mind, which did not correspond to reality (including the fact that Tyutchev was supposedly married not two, but three times), but, apparently, it at least somehow reconciled her with the “pathetic and false position."

Tyutchev always tried to spend as much time as possible with Deniseva. This was facilitated by the fact that Ernestina Fedorovna and her younger children usually lived in Ovstug for most of the year, where Tyutchev came, although often, but not for long. And the wife sometimes spent the winter months abroad.

New love, however, did not overshadow his old feelings for his wife. In August 1851, Tyutchev wrote to Ernestine: “Oh, how much better you are than me, how much higher! How much restraint, how much seriousness there is in your love - and how petty, how pitiful I feel you in comparison with you...”

It can be assumed that Tyutchev experienced boundless ecstasy with the love that he evoked in both women. On the other hand, it seemed to him that the love he had evoked was an undeserved, truly miraculous gift. He himself admitted more than once: “I don’t know anyone who is less worthy of love than me. Therefore, when I became the object of someone's love, it always amazed me ... "

Lyubov Denisyeva was truly an exceptional phenomenon. According to the memoirs of Georgievsky, her sister’s husband, “selfless, selfless, boundless, endless, undivided and ready for anything love... - the kind of love that was ready for all kinds of impulses and crazy extremes with complete violation of all kinds of secular conventions and generally accepted conditions” . The poet spoke more than once about the immeasurable love of his Lelya in poetry, lamenting that he, who gave birth to such love, is not able to rise to its height and strength.

Nevertheless, Tyutchev was very attached to Denisyeva. When he went to Moscow for a more or less long period of time, he took her with him. Finally, in the last years of her life they traveled together throughout Europe more than once. Elena especially treasured these trips, saying that during them Tyutchev was “in complete and indivisible possession of her.”

It is widely believed that Denisyeva, because of her illicit love, has turned into something of a pariah. But if this was the case, then only at the very beginning of her relationship with Tyutchev. Over the years, she somehow entered the circle of people close to him.

How did Ernestina Fedorovna perceive her husband’s love for another woman? She needs to be given credit. In very painful life circumstances for her, Ernestina Fedorovna showed rare patience and dignity. For fourteen years, she showed no knowledge of her husband’s mistress and never humiliated herself to talk about her with anyone. The only thing she said in letters to her husband was that he had stopped loving her.

Tyutchev, as always in such cases, strongly objected to his wife, who denied his love for her. And this was the difficult-to-understand, perhaps even frightening, split of his soul. It can be proven that subjectively, inside a restless consciousness, he was honest and right in his own way. But understanding and justifying it from an everyday point of view is not an easy task.

However, both the wife and children still tried to understand. In 1855, the poet’s eldest daughter Anna, who clearly understood the state of affairs, wrote about her stepmother: “Mom is just the woman that dad needs - loving inconsistently, blindly and patiently. To love dad, knowing and understanding him, you need... to be a saint, completely detached from everything earthly.”

Tyutchev’s relationship with his wife for long periods, in fact, was reduced only to correspondence, as, for example, was the case in the period from 1851 to 1854. Upon Ernestina Feodorovna's return from Germany in May 1854, reconciliation began, although, of course, incomplete. A certain conditional balance was established between two different lives, which, in essence, Tyutchev lived.

In October 1860, in Geneva, Denisyeva gave birth to her second child, a son, Fyodor. Four years later, their son Nikolai was born. Immediately after giving birth, Elena’s tuberculosis began to rapidly progress. Tyutchev was inconsolable. “He is sad and depressed,” his daughter Ekaterina wrote to her aunt Daria in July, “since D. is seriously ill, which he told me about in half-hints; he fears that she will not survive, and showers himself with reproaches... Since his return to Moscow, he has not seen anyone and devotes all his time to caring for her. Poor father!

On August 4, 1864, Elena Denisyeva died. The day after the funeral, Tyutchev wrote to Georgievsky: “Emptiness, terrible emptiness... I can’t even remember it - call it up, alive, in my memory - how it was, looked, moved, spoke, and I can’t do that. Terribly unbearable..."

Three weeks after Denisyeva’s death, Tyutchev came to visit his eldest daughter Anna, who was in Darmstadt, Germany. She was shocked by his condition, despite the fact that perhaps more than anyone else she condemned his love: “Dad just spent three days with me - and the state he’s in - my heart melts with pity,” she wrote to sister Catherine. “He has aged fifteen years, his poor body has turned into a skeleton.” In the next letter, she said that her father was “in a state close to insanity...” At that time, the royal court was in Darmstadt, with which Anna came there, and it was “very difficult for her to see how dad shed tears and sobs in front of everyone."

In September, Tyutchev arrived in Geneva, where Ernestina Fedorovna was waiting for him. According to an eyewitness, “they met with passionate tenderness.” And under the influence of this meeting, Tyutchev for some time not only calmed down, but seemed to come to terms with his terrible loss. However, this reconciliation with the tragedy was short-lived. Tyutchev could not even maintain his appearance in front of Ernestina. She said much later that she then saw her husband crying like she had never seen anyone before. But the height of her soul was amazing: “His grief,” she said, “is sacred to me, whatever its cause.”

Tyutchev returned to St. Petersburg in March 1865. He returned there, “where there was still something left of her, her children, friends, her entire poor home life...” The daughter of the poet and Deniseva, Elena, who was already about fourteen years old, was in a private boarding house; four-year-old Fedya and ten-month-old Kolya lived with their great-aunt A.D. Denisyeva. Soon after Tyutchev returned, Elena developed transient consumption. She died on May 2, 1865. The next day, little Kolya died from the same disease. Having buried the children next to Elena Alexandrovna, Tyutchev wrote to his friend Georgievsky: “The latest events have overwhelmed the measure and brought me to complete insensibility. I myself don’t realize, I don’t understand...” What he had enough strength to do was to convince his eldest daughter Anna to take in her only remaining child, Fedya.

For several months after the death of the children, Tyutchev was again on the verge of despair. In June 1865, he wrote to his sister Denisyeva: “There was not a single day that I did not begin without some amazement at how a person continues to live, although his head was cut off and his heart was torn out.”

A year after the death of Elena Alexandrovna, the poet to some extent overcame the bitterness of untimely losses. But still, the feeling of the painful emptiness of the world continued to torment him. November 23, 1865 Tyutchev writes poetry:

There is not a day when the soul does not ache,

I wouldn’t pine for the past,

I was looking for words, I couldn’t find them,

And it dried up, dried up every day...

This languishing emptiness was somehow filled with a kind of illusion of love for a woman who was Denisyeva’s close friend. She bore the same name, and her fate largely coincided with the fate of Elena Alexandrovna. Elena Bogdanova, née Baroness Uslar, studied with Deniseva at the Smolny Institute. Tyutchev met her, apparently, at the same time as Deniseva. And after the death of his beloved, he appreciated the opportunity to talk about her with a woman who had known her for so long and well. And at the end of 1865 or the beginning of 1866 he began to meet with her constantly.

Tyutchev's attitude towards Elena Bogdanova, a highly educated and gifted woman, was a kind of worship that continued until the very end of his life. And yet, something artificial was felt in this “cult”: the poet’s affection for this no longer young woman was perceived only as a means to fill the “emptiness”.

At the beginning of the 1870s. Death again invades the poet's family. In 1870, his son from his second marriage, Dmitry, died, followed by his younger, beloved brother Nikolai; two years later - daughter Maria.

One can only be amazed at the self-control of the poet, who suffered so many losses and sorrowful disappointments. It is clear that all these adversities affected Tyutchev’s well-being. The only consolation was that until his death Ernestina Fedorovna remained next to him. She almost never left her husband’s side after he suffered a stroke on January 1, 1872, which left the left side of his body paralyzed.

Having gone through all the circles of heaven and hell, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev finally found eternal peace on July 15, 1873. Everything that worried and made the poet suffer became a thing of the past. But immortal lines remain that will excite us as long as there is a great and immeasurable passion.

RERBERG Fedor Ivanovich 1865–1938 Painter, graphic artist, teacher. Rerberg's students were K. Malevich, I. Klyun, D. Burliuk, Val. Khodasevich. “Fyodor Ivanovich turned out to be a very handsome elderly man, short in stature; gray-haired, large head, wedge beard, quiet voice,

Fyodor Ivanovich Chaliapin “Once,” said Alexander Nikolaevich Vertinsky, “we were sitting with Chaliapin in a tavern after his concert. After dinner, Chaliapin took a pencil and began to draw on the tablecloth. He drew quite well. When dinner was over and we paid,

YORDAN Fyodor Ivanovich (1800–1883), Russian artist-engraver. After graduating from the Academy of Arts, he was sent abroad in 1829. In 1834, I. settled in Rome, where he made an engraving of Raphael’s painting “The Transfiguration.” This giant engraving took 12 years to complete. Subsequently I.

TRUKHIN Fedor Ivanovich Major General of the RKKAMajor General of the KONR Armed Forces Chief of Staff of the KONR Armed Forces Major General of the KONR Armed Forces F.I. Trukhin. Born on February 29, 1896 in Kostroma in the family of the future (since 1913) leader of the nobility of the Kostroma province. Russian. Had relatives

FYODOR IVANOVICH TYUTCHEV (1803-1873) Russia cannot be understood with the mind, nor can it be measured by a common arshin: It has become special - You can only believe in Russia. These lines contain all of Tyutchev. There is no point in telling more about him, because you can’t say it better. All that remains is to find out the sequence of events from life,

FEDOR I IVANOVICH Blessed Fyodor Ivanovich was born on May 31, 1557. The prince suffered many troubles due to the disorder in his own family. He knew his mother's love for only a short time. Anastasia Zakharyina-Yuryeva died in the summer of 1560. Her son had just turned three

Vocation, or the voice of one crying in the wilderness (Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev) Talent is almost a thing. You can put it into circulation and get all sorts of profit, you can bury it and end up at a loss. But is it possible that a person, not knowing or not wanting to know about the wonderful gift sent down to him,

Titov Fedor Ivanovich Born in 1919 in the village of Malakhovo, Leninsky district, Tula region. After graduating from the Chirikov seven-year school, he worked as a mechanic at the railway depot of the Tula-Likhvinskaya station. In December 1939 he was drafted into the Soviet Army. Graduated in 1942

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born in 1803 on his father’s estate, in the Bryansk district of the Oryol province. His father was a well-born landowner. Tyutchev received a good home education, and subjects were taught in French, which F.I. had mastered since childhood. Among his teachers, the teacher of Russian literature was Raich, a writer, translator of Ariosto's Orlando the Furious. Raich aroused young Tyutchev's interest in literature, and partly under the influence of his teacher, Tyutchev began to make his first literary attempts. His first attempt was a translation of one of Horace's epistles, published in 1817.

Portrait of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803 - 1873). Artist S. Alexandrovsky, 1876

In 1822, after graduating from university, Tyutchev was enrolled in the College of Foreign Affairs and lived abroad for twenty-two years, only occasionally visiting Russia. He spent most of his time in Munich, where he met Heine and Schelling, with whom he later corresponded. He married a Bavarian aristocrat and began to consider Munich his home. Tyutchev wrote a lot; the fact that he rarely appeared in print was explained by indifference to his poetic work, but in reality, I think, the reason was his extraordinary vulnerability, sensitivity to editorial and any other criticism. However, in 1836, one of his friends, who was allowed to meet his muse, persuaded him to send a selection of his poems to Pushkin for publication in the magazine Contemporary. From 1836 to 1838 forty poems, which today everyone who loves Russian poetry knows by heart, appeared in the magazine signed F. T. They did not attract the attention of critics, and Tyutchev stopped publishing.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev. Video

In the meantime, he became a widower and married a second time, again to a Bavarian German woman. He was transferred for service to Turin. He didn’t like it there, he missed Munich. Being chargé d'affaires, he left Turin and the Sardinian kingdom without permission, for which violation of discipline he was dismissed from the diplomatic service. He settled in Munich, but in 1844 returned to Russia, where he later received a position in the censorship. His political articles and notes, written in the revolutionary year of 1848, attracted the attention of the authorities. He began to play a political role as a staunch conservative and pan-Slavist. At the same time, he became a very prominent figure in St. Petersburg drawing rooms and acquired a reputation as the most intelligent and brilliant conversationalist in all of Russia.

In 1854, a book of his poems finally appeared, and he became a famous poet. It was then that his relationship with Deniseva, his daughter’s governess, began. Their love was mutual, deep and passionate - and a source of torment for both. The young girl’s reputation was ruined, Tyutchev’s reputation was seriously tarnished, and family well-being was overshadowed. When Denisyeva died in 1865, Tyutchev was overcome by despondency and despair. His wife's amazing tact and patience only increased his suffering, causing him a deep sense of guilt. But he continued to live a social and political life. His thin, wizened figure continued to appear in ballrooms, his wit continued to captivate society, and in politics he became unusually cocky and became one of the pillars of unbending political nationalism. Most of his political poetry was written in the last decade of his life. He died in 1873; he was crushed by the blow, he was paralyzed, and only his brain was unaffected.